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Öğe A New Insulin Sensitivity Index Derived From Fat Mass Index and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, 2015) Donma, Mustafa Metin; Donma, Orkide; Topçu, Birol; Aydın, Murat; Tülübaş, Feti; Nalbantoğlu, Burçin; Demirkol, Muhammet; Gürel, AhmetAim Obesity has recently become one of the most important health problems throughout the world. This fact led to the controversies on the clinical use of insulin sensitivity indices. Indices previously described or introduced in this study have been evaluated to choose one, which is capable of exhibiting significant distinctions between healthy children and those involved in the classes of childhood obesity. Material and Methods A total of 179 girls; 81 morbidly obese(MO), 42 obese(O), 16 overweight(OW) and 40 normal(N) participated in the study. Groups were constituted based upon age- and sex-specific body mass index percentiles tabulated by World Health Organization. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR), HOMA-IR/BMI, log HOMA-IR, fasting glucose/fasting insulin ratio(FGIR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index(QUICKI), Raynaud, reciprocal insulin indices and also new indices HOMAIR*BMI, HOMA-IR*fat mass index(FMI), QUICKI*BMI, QUICKI*FMI were calculated. The cut-offs 3.16 and 2.5 for HOMA-IR, 7 and 6 for FGIR, 0.357 and 0.328 for QUICKI were evaluated to estimate insulin resistance. Statistical analyses were performed with Predictive Analytics SoftWare(PASW) Statistics 18. Results and Conclusion QUICKI*FMI was able to make a clear-cut separation between the groups. A new trilogy for cut-offs (HOMA>2.5, FGIR<7, QUICKI<0.328); each giving the similar results, has been suggested. Multifaceted character of QUICKI was also introduced. QUICKI was capable of discriminating MO from O when 0.328 cutoff was used, and O from OW when 0.357 cut-off was used. QUICKI*FMI index, a new one, was unique in detecting the advanced level of differences(p?0.005) between N-OW, OW-O and O-MO groups during childhood obesity.Öğe A rare association: Unilateral fibromatosis colli and contralateral clavicle fracture in a newborn(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2015) Donma, Mustafa Metin; Demirkol, Muhammet; Yıldırım Güzelant, Aliye; Özçağlayan, Ömer; Gülek, B.; Karakoyun, Özgür; Donma, OrkideFibromatosis colli (FC) is a cause of muscular torticollis that can be diagnosed by careful physical examination. In most of the cases, follow up and exercise is enough for treatment, although rare cases require surgical intervention. Clavicle fracture can be a complication of struggling vaginal parturition and usually treated by close follow up. This case was reported and discussed as a rare association that is not found in the literature and the first case diagnosed in the newborn period with unilateral FC associated with contralateral clavicle fracture in a non-macrosomic infant who was treated with dramatic response to physical therapy. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Asprosin: Possible target in connection with ghrelin and cytokine network expression in the post-burn treatment(Churchill Livingstone, 2018) Donma, Mustafa Metin; Donma, OrkideBurn injury is a severe form of trauma associated with pain, metabolic abnormalities, susceptibility to infections, muscle loss, mental and emotional distress. Conventional therapies as well as some recent approaches for the treatment of burned patients are currently in use. Nutritional therapy is also suggested as a supplementary option in major burns. Within this context, hormones involved in the regulation of appetite will have a paramount importance. The aim is to evaluate the interactions among ghrelin, some inflammatory parameters and the burn injury. Asprosin is also involved into this discussion due to its ghrelin-like actions. Aside from the consideration of insulin as well as stress hormones (cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine), an orexigenic, anti-inflammatory hormone, ghrelin affecting both metabolic and inflammatory systems is also involved in the protocols designed for burn treatment. Ghrelin's actions exerted by way of growth-hormone secretagogue receptor, neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, proopiomelanocortin and gamma amino butyric acid are being investigated. Asprosin, one of the remarkably few hormones identified as appetite stimulator, acts as another orexigenic hormone by using almost the same signalling pathways as those of ghrelin. Interleukin-6 should also be evaluated both as a reliable biomarker of inflammation and also with its inhibitory effects on TNF-alpha within the scope of burn injury. In conclusion, treatment protocols during burn injury may be designed to raise decreased concentrations of ghrelin and to repress increased levels of inflammatory agents such as TNF-alpha. IL-6 may be evaluated from an entirely different aspect. The potential therapeutic use of asprosin may be considered within an integrative approach with a focus on cachexia-anorexia developed in severe burn trauma.Öğe ASSOCIATION OF DEPRESSION AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN OBESE CHILDREN(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, 2017) Donma, Mustafa Metin; Donma, OrkideDepression, anxiety disorders, learning disability are common problems requiring pediatric care and found to be associated with obesity. Elevated and reduced levels of trace elements may be indicators of depression. Deficiencies or toxicities of some elements may also cause weight gain leading obesity, which is a health problem increasing worldwide particularly among children and adolescents. In this review, the physical and mental health consequences of pediatric and adolescent obesity will be evaluated from the trace elements point of view. Better understanding of the participation of trace elements in the metabolic pathways related to neurophysiological processes, their interactions and cumulative effects will help to improve health and also the effects of treatment.Öğe Association of fetuin a, adiponectin, interleukin 10 and total antioxidant capacity with IVF outcomes(Research and Clinical Center for Infertitlity, 2014) Yen, Mustafa; Donma, Orkide; Yıldızfer, Ferdağ; Ekmekci, Özlem; Karataş Kul, Zübeyde Aslı; İmal, A. Esat; Donma, Mustafa MetinBackground: Possible roles of anti-inflammatory factors as well as total antioxidative capacity in reproductive processes of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) are still being investigated and the contributions by some of them remain controversial. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between antiinflammatory parameters and total antioxidative capacity (TAC) of the body during IVF. In this respect, adiponectin, interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), fetuin A and TAC analyses have been performed. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, non-randomized, controlled clinical study, sera obtained from 26 fertile (Group-1), and 26 infertile women before (Group-2) and after (Group-3) IVF treatment were analyzed. IL-1RA, IL-10, fetuin A, adiponectin and insulin were determined by ELISA. TAC was determined spectrophotometrically. Mann-Whitney U test, paired sample t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test as well as Pearson correlation analysis by SPSS were performed for statistical analysis. Results: Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were determined as 30.8% and 23.1%, respectively, in pregnant group. For the pregnant, significant indirect correlations were detected between fetuin A and adiponectin (r=-0.843; p=0.035) as well as IL-10 (r=-0.846; p=0.034) in Group 2. The correlation between adiponectin and IL-10 doubled in pregnant compared to non-pregnant (r=0.929; p=0.007 vs. r=0.478; p=0.033). The correlations between fetuin A and TAC in pregnant were noted both in Group 2 (r=0.892; p=0.017) and Group 3 (r=0.875; p=0.022). No correlation of fetuin A with these parameters was detected in non-pregnant group. Conclusion: Fetuin A, TAC, IL-10, adiponectin and their associations may be important from their predictive values for IVF success point of view. Parameters with anti-inflammatory or antioxidant property appear to improve pregnancy in women undergoing IVF. © Research and Clinical Center for Infertitlity. All rights reserved.Öğe Asymmetric dimethylarginine as risk marker of endothelial dysfunction in obese children(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Aydın, M.; Donma, Mustafa Metin; Donma, Orkide; Nalbantoğlu, Burçin; Tülübaş, Feti; Topçu, Birol; Gürel, A.; Demirkol, Muhammet; Yılmaz, A.; Küçükyalçın, V.[No Abstract Available]Öğe CD4(+), CD25(+), FOXP3(+) T Regulatory Cell Levels in Obese, Asthmatic, Asthmatic Obese, and Healthy Children(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2015) Donma, Mustafa Metin; Karasu, Erkut; Özdilek, Burcu; Turgut, Burhan; Topçu, Birol; Nalbanto?lu, Burçin; Donma, OrkideThe aim of this prospective case control study is to determine CD4(+), CD25(+), and FoxP3(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs) and T helper cells (Ths) in obese, asthmatic, asthmatic obese, and healthy children. Obese (n = 40), asthmatic (n = 40), asthmatic obese (n = 40), and healthy children (n = 40) were included in this study. Blood samples collected from children were marked with CD4, CD25, ve Foxp3 in order to detect Tregs and Ths by flow cytometric method. Statistical analyses were performed. p a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.05 was chosen as meaningful threshold. Tregs exhibiting anti-inflammatory nature were significantly lower in obese (0.16 %; p a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.001), asthmatic (0.25 %; p a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.01), and asthmatic obese (0.29 %; p a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.05) groups than control group (0.38 %). Ths were counted higher in asthma group than control (p a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.01) and obese (p a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.001) groups. T cell immunity plays important roles in chronic inflammatory diseases such as obesity and asthma pathogeneses. Decreased numbers of Tregs found in obese, asthmatic, and asthmatic obese children might represent a challenge of these cells.Öğe Effect of Use of Mobile Phone And Electronic Devices in The Childhood And Adolescence on Body Mass Index And Sleep Time As Well As Fast-Food Consumption And Physical Activity(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, 2014) Muhderem, Nazlı; Demirkol, Muhammet; Topçu, Birol; Beldek, Kader; Nergiz, Merve; Çömlek, Büşra; Yorganlı, Ece; Sevinç, Erva; Acar, Çiğdem; İsmailoğlu, İbrahim Halil; Özcan, Selin; Donma, Orkide; Donma, Mustafa MetinAim In this study, we aimed to find out the effects of use of mobile phone (MP)’s and electronic device (ED)’s on body mass index(BMI), sleep-time, consumption of fast-food (FF) and exercise-period of children and adolescents. Material and Methods Questionnaires were applied related to time-periods of MPs/EDs, sleeping and exercise plus FF consumption. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were taken. Data of 50 cases using MPs and data of 50 cases who do not use MPs were compared. PASW-18 statistics program, chi-square, independent sample and Mann-Whitney U Test were used. p?0,05 was accepted as statistically significance value. Results Boy/girl ratio was 1/1 in MP(-) group, and it was 0,92 in CT(+) group. Mean age was 121.32±21.22 in MP(-) group, and it was 147.34±24.63 in MP(+) group. Daily usage period of EDs was 234.10±114.49 in MP(-) group, and it was 286.70±116.32 in MP(+) group (p?0,05). BMI of MP(-) group was 19.01±5.08; and it was 20.88±4.74 in the MP(+) group (p?0.05). Daily sleep-time was 9.42±1.08 in the MP(-) group, and it was 8.74±1.06 in the MP(+) group (p?0.05). Weekly frequency of consumption of FF and sweetened-foods in MP(-) group was 2.38±2.85; and it was 5.14±6.93 in the MP(+) group (p?0,01). Daily active-period of MP(-) group was 147.74±254.04, and it was 95.60±64.77 in the MP(+) group (p?0.05). Conclusion Our study emphasizes that decreasing the time spent with EDs, especially with MPs, can be beneficial for minimizing consumption of FF and sweetened foods, prevention of development of obesity, maximizing the time for physical activity and providing optimum sleep time period in children and adolescents.Öğe Enhancement of Immune System in Addition to Medical Therapy for Counteracting COVID-19: the Importance of Micronutrients(2020) Donma, Mustafa Metin; Donma, OrkideImmune responses in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection have been dysregulated. Decreased T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes/macrophages and increased proinflammatory cytokines are observed. Immunological status of the body is greatly affected by the nutrition. Micronutrients are required for the optimum performance of macronutrients. Vitamin and trace element deficiencies are generally associated with altered immune responses, which lead to increased susceptibility to infections. Supplementation with micronutrients generally reverses many impaired immune responses. In this study, close associations between the regulation of immune processes and some vitamins, trace elements as well as phytochemicals have been pointed out. In addition to a proper diet as wellas a medical therapy, supplementation of vitamins A, B6, B9, B12, C, D, E and zinc, copper, selenium may be beneficial for both prevention and treatment of viral infections including this new extraordinary coronavirus disease. The investigations on phytochemicals are also underway. In individuals with a powerful immune system, the recovery from this disease is either without symptoms or with amild clinical picture. Therefore, it is plausible to apply natural integrative approaches comprising some vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals as preventive measures or as supplements in addition to the present medical treatment. This approach will favor the enhancement of the immune system. Such an integrative treatment reduces morbidity and mortality rates in patients, who have beencontaminated with this virus. Micronutrients, within the scope of immune system, may be conceivable as the expedient to find some solutions for the prevention and/or treatment of this disease.Öğe EVALUATION OF GENDER DIFFERENCE IN PEDIATRIC TRAUMA PATIENTS ADMITTED TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, 2017) Donma, Mustafa Metin; Tayfur, İsmail; Erdem, Mustafa Numan; Muhammed, Demirkol; Topçu, Birol; Donma, OrkideAim: A significant proportion of pediatric trauma patients admitted to the emergency department are injured by preventable causes. Accidental injuries are the most common causes of deaths in childhood. The purpose of this study was to analyze the demographic features of the parents and the gender difference of the cases in pediatric patients with trauma admitted to the emergency department (ED). Materials and Methods: Over a 1-year period (April 2015 through May 2016), a total of 502 consecutive paediatric patients who presented to our tertiary-care university hospital ED with symptoms of trauma of various causes (falling from a height, injury, burni traffic accident and physical abuse assault) were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. Results: In this study, the boy to girl gender ratio was found to be 1.52 (p = 0.868). The mean ages were 7.74 ± 4.97 in boys and 7.67 ± 5.25 in girls. 17.2% of the boys and 21.1% of the girls were detected fracture on direct radiographs (p=0.306). Upper extremity fractures were encountered more frequently than other fractures. The frequency of falling from a height was the first among all cases of trauma with the rate of 69.3%, 42.4% of which occurred in boys and 26.9% in girls (p=0.559). The rates of upper extremity injuries were 19.9% for boys and 15.7% for girls (p=0.126). The rates of head injuries were 22.5% for boys and 12% for girls (p=0.177). When the type of injury was evaluated, the rate of contusion was 60%, 36.3% of which occurred in boys and 23.7% in girls (p=0.952). When the parents of the pediatric trauma patients were classified according to their educational status, the largest group consisted of primary school graduated parents with rates of 41.4% for mothers (p=0.080) and 37.3% for fathers (p=0.008). 46.0% of the pediatric trauma patients were the first children of their families, 27.3% of which were boys and 18.7% were girls (p=0.657). Conclusion: We emphasized the importance of raising awareness about the issue at the individual and community-based level and the necessity of increasing the protective measures for indoor and outdoor accidents in order to be able to create a safe environment so that the pediatric trauma patients can be reduced in our country and in the world.Öğe EVALUATION OF OBESITY DEGREE FROM THE POINTS OF VIEW OF CHRONOLOGICAL AS WELL AS METABOLIC AGES(Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, 2019) Donma, Mustafa Metin; Donma, OrkideAim: Obesity degree is the ratio of current weight to standart weight of the individual. Metabolic age (MA) compares the individual’s basal metabolic rate to an average for the individual’s age group. In this study, considering the close association of obesity with chronic diseases, the aim is to evaluate the association between obesity degree and chronological age (CA) as well as MA and to derive a more descriptive index related to age. Materials and Methods: In this study, 287 adults between 18 and 79 years of age [10 underweight, 86 individuals with normal body mass index (BMI), 90 overweight, 81 obese ve 20 morbid obese] were evaluated. Anthropometric measurements were performed. The values for BMI were calculated. Obesity degree, MA, visceral adiposity values were recorded using TANITA body composition monitor. Differences between CA and MA were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed. Results: The mean±SD values for CA and MA for the study population were calculated as 43.2±16.0 and 46.3±16.3 years, respectively. This value for visceral adiposity was 8.2±4.8. A weak correlation was observed between obesity degree and CA. No correlation was observed between obesity degree and MA. However, a strong negative correlation was found between CA-MA and obesity degree. There was also a strong correlation between this index and visceral adiposity. Conclusions: It is concluded that during the evaluation of obesity degree, this new index, considering the difference between CA and MA, would give much more useful information rather than CA or MA.Öğe In Vitro Fertilization, Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Factors and Lipid Peroxidation(Royan Inst, 2015) Yıldızfer, Ferdağ; Donma, Orkide; Yen, Mustafa; Ekmekci, Özlem; Karataş Kul, Zübeyde Aslı; Keser, Zafer; Nalbantoğlu, Burçin; Donma, Mustafa MetinBackground: Infertility is a problem concerning 10-15% of the individuals in the fertile period. This study investigated effects of proinflammatory factors as well as lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) levels upon in vitro fertilization (IVF) success. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, non-randomized, controlled clinical study, sera obtained from 26 fertile (group-1), 26 infertile women before (group-2) and after (group-3) IVF treatment were analyzed. Leptin, leptin receptor, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). LPO was determined spectrophotometrically. Mann-Whitney U test, paired samples t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test as well as Pearson correlation analysis by SPSS were performed for statistical analysis. Results: TNF-alpha, resistin and LPO levels increased (P=0.020, P=0.003, P=0.001, respectively) in group-3 compared to group-2. A significant increase in LPO was noted both in group-2 and -3 compared to controls (P=0.000). LPO were higher in non-pregnants than pregnants in group-2. For pregnants, significant correlations were observed between leptin and resistin in group-2 and TNF-alpha and leptin in group-3. None of these correlations were found for the women, who could not conceive. Conclusion: LPO, leptin-resistin correlation, associations with TNF-alpha may be helpful during the interpretation of IVF success rates.Öğe Promising link between selenium and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma in the treatment protocols of obesity as well as depression(Churchill Livingstone, 2016) Donma, Mustafa Metin; Donma, OrkideConsiderable interest has been given to the significance of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) in macronutrient metabolism, however, there is not sufficient data concerning the interactions between PPARs and micronutrients. Investigations performed on PPAR gamma and one of the essential micronutrients selenium (Se) have shown that both parameters may lead to alterations in obesity related or mood disorders. Therefore, it is plausible to consider PPAR gamma and Se together as a powerful combination during the treatment of two associated diseases; obesity and depression. PPAR gamma has been shown to be involved in the antidepressant-like activity. It is also an important parameter to be considered in obesity as the master regulator of adipogenesis. The mechanism of action of PPAR gamma is initiated by ligand binding which induces a conformational change in the receptor. Se is capable of alleviating inflammatory signaling pathways. Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Depression is also defined as an inflammatory disorder. Inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) participate in the progression of depression. They are also obesity associated parameters. Due to TNF alpha induced depressive-like behaviors and the positive association between this proinflammatory cytokine and obesity, TNF alpha-activated signaling pathways and those inhibiting them have recently gained importance as potential targets and therapeutic tools, respectively. More studies are necessary to develop compounds with therapeutic nature against depressive disorders and obesity. PPAR gamma is an important signaling pathway that occurs at the crossroads of depression and obesity. Se, aside from its anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic and antioxidative nature, affects also the way of PPAR gamma action. Se supplementation or fortification as well as the development of the partial agonists of PPAR gamma in which lipophilic Se compounds are used as ligand followed by experimental trials and human studies using the newly developed compounds will be promising approaches for future hope during the treatment of these diseases. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe The effects of allium sativum on immunity within the scope of COVID-19 infection(Churchill Livingstone, 2020) Donma, Mustafa Metin; Donma, OrkideThe severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID?19) infection is quite variable and the manifestations varies from asymptomatic disease to severe acute respiratory infection. Fever, dry cough, dyspnea, myalgia, fatigue, loss of appetite, olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are the most prevalent general symptoms. Decreased immune system cells such as suppressed regulatory T cells, cytotoxic and helper T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes/macrophages and increased proinflammatory cytokines are the characteristic features. Compounds derived from Allium sativum (garlic) have the potential to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and to reverse the immunological abnormalities to more acceptable levels. Allium sativum is suggested as a beneficial preventive measure before being infected with SARS?CoV?2 virus. Allium sativum is a functional food well-known for its immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antimutagenic, antitumor properties. Its antiviral efficiency was also demonstrated. Some constituents of this plant were found to be active against protozoan parasites. Within this context, it appears to reverse most immune system dysfunctions observed in patients with COVID-19 infection. The relations among immune system parameters, leptin, leptin receptor, adenosin mono phosphate-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma have also been interpreted. Leptin's role in boosting proinflammatory cytokines and in appetite decreasing suggest the possible beneficial effect of decreasing the concentration of this proinflammatory adipose tissue hormone in relieving some symptoms detected during COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, Allium sativum may be an acceptable preventive measure against COVID-19 infection to boost immune system cells and to repress the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines as well as an adipose tissue derived hormone leptin having the proinflammatory nature. © 2020 Elsevier LtdÖğe The Evaluation of New Generation Inflammatory Markers in Children with Morbid Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome(2020) Donma, Mustafa Metin; Erselcan, Sevgi Dilan; Yılmaz, Ahsen; Güzel, Savaş; Donma, OrkideAim: Technological advancements, unbalanced nutrition, sedentary life style, are important factors in obesity. Obesity-inflammation relationis beingexamined. In this study, the relationships among new generation inflammatory markers in children with normal body mass index (C) as well as obese (OB), morbid obese (MO) children and those with metabolic syndrome (MetS) were investigated.Materials and Methods: A total of 172 children participated in the study.Group 1 comprised children with normal body-mass index (control group) (C). Obese (OB) children were in Group 2, MO children constituted Group 3 and Group 4 included MO children with MetS. The number of cases were 37, 34, 51 and 50 in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Anthropometric measurements were recorded. Serum spexin, adropin, adipolipin, fibroblast growth factor-21 and fetuin-A levels were determined. Statistical analyses were performed.Result: Spexin and adipolin levels were significantly lower in obese groups than C group (p<0.05). Although adropin and FGF-21 levels did not differ significantly between groups, levels were lower in OB, MO, and MetS groups than C group.There were no significant differences among fetuin- A levels of the groups. Correlations between spexin and adipolin were the highest. These cytokines werenegatively correlated with obesity parameters. The correlations between these cytokines were weakened from C group to MetS group.Conclusion: Decreasing spexin and adipolin levels in accordance with increasing obesity degrees and weakening of the correlation between these cytokines in MO group compared to C group may be helpful during the further investigation of obesity.Öğe What Is the Important Point Related to Follow-Up Sonographic Evaluation for the Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?(Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2017) Donma, Mustafa Metin; Doğru, M.; Demirkoll, M.; Özçağlayan, Ömer; Topçu, Birol; Kurtoğlu Özçağlayan, Tuğba İlkem; Donma, Orkide; Nalbantoğlu, B.; Nalbantoğlu, A.; Gönen, K. A.; Doğru, R.; Ulucan, H.; Karakoyun, O.; Erol, M. F.; Güzelant, A. Y.Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is an important cause of childhood disability. Subluxation or dislocation can be diagnosed through pediatric physical examination; nevertheless, the ultrasonographic examination is necessary in diagnosing certain borderline cases. It has been evaluated routine sonographic examination of 2,444 hips of 1,222 babies to determine differences in both, developmental dysplasia and types of hips, and evaluated their development on the 3-month follow-up. Evaluating the pathologic alpha angles under 59, there was no statistically significant differences between girls and boys in both right (55.57 +/- 3.73) (56.20 +/- 4.01), (p = 0.480), and left (55.79 +/- 3.96) (57.00 +/- 3.84), (p = 0.160) hips on the 45th day of life. Routine sonographic examinations on the 45th day of life revealed that 51 of (66.2%) 77 type 2a right hips were girls and 26 (33.8%) were boys. The number of the right hips that develop into type 1 was 38 (74.5%) for girls and 26 (100%) for boys on the 90th day of life (p = 0.005). A total of 87 type 2a left hips included 64 girls (73.6%) and 23 boys (26.4%). In the 90th day control, 49 right hip of girls (76.6%) and 21 right hip of boys (91.3%) developed into type 1 (p = 0.126). In the assessment of both left and right hips, girls showed a significantly higher frequency in latency and boys showed significantly higher development in the control sonography. A total of 31 girls (2.5%) and 11 boys (0.9%) accounted for a total of 42 (3.4%) cases who showed bilateral type 2a hips in 1,222 infants. On the 90th day control, 26 girls (83.9%) and all 11 boys (100%) developed into type 1 (p = 0.156). The study emphasizes the importance of the sonographic examination on the 90th day of life. Results of the investigation include the data of sonographic screening of DDH on the 45th day, and also stress the importance of the 90th-day control sonography after a close follow-up with physical examination between 45th and 90th days of life.
