Pollute less or tax more? Asymmetries in the EU environmental taxes - Ecological balance nexus
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Elsevier Inc.
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
This paper examines the impact of environmentally related taxes on environmental performance in the EU-15 countries during the period of 1995–2016 by utilizing an innovative non-linear model, which is the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model. Although the effectiveness of environmental taxes has been discussed before, the potential effects of these taxes on ecological balance sheets as a measure to reflect human pressures on the environment/ecosystem have not been fully investigated. This paper, therefore, deals with total ecological balance and its main components, which are based on the major types of ecologically productive areas such as cropland, grazing land, forest area, and fishing grounds. The results indicate that revenues from environmentally-related taxes as a share of GDP significantly lower the ecological deficits after exceeding a certain threshold level, but not cropland balance accounts. Thus, well-designed environmental taxes on the optimal level have the potential to reduce environmental problems/ ecological imbalance, if not implemented in conjunction with policies such as tax exemptions, refunds or tax allowances that limit their impact. © 2021
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ecological balance, Environmental taxes, EU countries, Panel smooth transition regression, PANIC test, Ecology, Environmental management, Ecological balance, Ecological deficit, Ecologically productive area, Environmental performance, Environmental problems, Environmental taxes, Potential effects, Smooth transition regressions, Taxation, asymmetry, environmental assessment, environmental economics, environmental impact assessment, environmental management, environmental policy, European Union, Gross Domestic Product, human activity, innovation, numerical model, pollution tax, threshold
Kaynak
Environmental Impact Assessment Review
WoS Q Değeri
Q1
Scopus Q Değeri
Q1
Cilt
91
