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Öğe Optimizing Wind Energy Technology Selection Under Uncertain and Incomplete Information Using Fuzzy Best Worst Method and Fuzzy Information Axiom(Old City Publishing Inc, 2024) Cebi, Selcuk; Cem, Ecem; Unal, Gorkem; Karakurt, Necip FazilTechnology has a pivotal role in wind energy production, encompassing turbine design, control systems, and grid integration solutions. However, selecting the optimal technology investment presents a multifaceted challenge due to rapid industry evolution. Site-specific considerations, economic viability, reliability, durability, and integration with existing infrastructure all weigh heavily in the decision-making process. Environmental and societal impacts are rigorously supposed to be assessed for responsible energy production. A comprehensive approach, including a thorough evaluation of vendor and supplier capabilities, is deemed indispensable. To address these complexities, this study introduces an innovative approach to optimize wind turbine selection within established locations. The proposed methodology integrates the Fuzzy Best Worst Method (FBWM) and the Information Axiom, chosen for their adaptability in handling subjective expert responses. This combination aligns seamlessly with the nuanced nature of wind turbine technology assessment. The study offers a comprehensive review of relevant multi-criteria decision-making techniques, elaborates on the FBWM and Fuzzy Infor mation Axiom (FIA) approach, and presents apractical application. In the study, operational cost, maintenance cost, and power curve emerge as pivotal criteria. Ultimately, the study provides a robust framework for making informed and impactful technology investments in wind energy production.Öğe Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukin 6 localization in the Umbilical Cord Tissue of Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia: Smokers and Non-smokers(Univ Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, 2024) Yediel-Aras, Suekran; Goktug, Berrin; Gezer, Arzu; Bakir, Buket; Karadag-Sari, EbruObjective: In this study, the localization of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- alpha) and interleukin (IL)-6 in the umbilical cord tissue of pregnant women with preeclampsia who smoke and in those who do n'ot smoke was investigated using immunohistochemical methods. Methods: The sample groups consisted of a control group, cigarette smokers, preeclampsia, and cigarette smokers with preeclampsia. Histological and immunohistochemical methods were applied to the tissue samples. Results: It was determined that there were varying degrees of edematous change in the layers of arteries and veins in the preeclampsia and the cigarette smokers with preeclampsia groups, with a statistically significant level of difference in thickness compared to the other groups. In addition, different levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 immunoreactivity were detected in the umbilical cord tissue across all the groups. In the preeclampsia group, TNF-alpha immunoreactivitywas found to increase in the arterial muscle layer. Moreover, IL-6 immunoreactivity was found to decrease in the arterial endothelium and muscle layers in the cigarette smokers, preeclampsia, and cigarette smokers with preeclampsia groups and increase in the venous endothelium and muscle layers. In addition, immunoreactivity increased in the amniotic epithelium in the cigarette smokers with preeclampsia group. Discussion: In conclusion, the differences in cytokine levels between the cigarette smokers, preeclampsia, and cigarette smokers with preeclampsia groups were thought to be caused by responses of the maternal immune system and histopathological changes in the umbilical cord tissue.Öğe Soft Wijsman convergence(Maejo Univ, 2024) Bayram, Erdal; Cinar, Melisa DervisogluThis study presents results of the Wijsman convergence of sequences of sets, a topic with numerous applications, within the framework of soft set theory. We introduce the concept of Wijsman convergence for sequences of soft closed sets in soft metric spaces and provide several foundational results. Additionally, we define the notions of soft Wijsman boundedness and soft Wijsman Cauchy sequences and explore their interrelationships and connections to convergence. In parallel to Hausdorff convergence, we first define the concept of soft Hausdorff distance and then introduce soft Hausdorff convergence with relevant results. Finally, we make a comparison between soft Wijsman convergence and soft Hausdorff convergence.Öğe Archaic and Early Classical Trade Amphorae from Old Smyrna(Koc Univ Suna & Inan Kirac Res Ctr Mediterranean Civilizations-Akmed, 2024) Tanriver, Duygu akar; Foca, SerhatThis study analyzes the commercial amphorae found in Old Smyrna, one of the settlements located in the northeast of the Gulf of Izmir and localized in the Smyrna hinterland. These amphorae, dating from the late seventh century BC to the late fifth century BC, provide data on Smyrna's commercial relations during the Archaic and Classical Periods and give information about the city's economic structure. In this study, 50 finds from both previous and recent excavations were examined, grouped according to their production centers, and classified typologically. In the Archaic Period, imported amphorae produced in various centers such as Chios, Clazomenai, Lesbos, Miletos, Samos and Teos, as well as Athens, were in demand in the city. In addition to these groups, the study also includes types that were produced in the Archaic Period, but whose place of production is still under debate. It makes a new contribution to the literature on the typology of these groups with finds from Old Smyrna. Considering the economic activities of the Aegean region, the finds from Old Smyrna offer a wide repertoire of commercial amphorae and provide remarkable data on the commercial relations of the cities.Öğe Trends and Outcomes of Laparoscopic Surgery in Low-Resource Settings: Lessons From Two African Healthcare Systems-A Narrative Review(Wiley, 2024) Hamitoglu, Ali Emir; Fawaz, Violette; Elawad, Shaima Omer Mohamed; Assker, Mohamad Monif; Nader, Thea Maria; Wellington, Jack; Uwishema, OlivierIntroductionLaparoscopic surgery (LS) has been a promising development in surgical practice globally ever since its introduction. LS has exhibited many an advantage, including bettering patient outcomes, lowering the risk of postoperative infection, and displaying economical affluence. However, its implementation in the African continent still faces various challenges. In this review, we investigated the status of laparoscopic surgery integration in Africa.ObjectivesIn this review, we aimed to investigate the challenges posed by the implementation of LS in low resource countries as well as critically evaluating initiatives and their impact within said domiciles. We also provide recommendations that may assist in LS prosperity in these settings by focusing efforts on improving training and financial incentives.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted to garner up-to-date evidence concerning the fate of LS adoption in low- to middle-income countries. This comprised the analysis of different case studies from countries including Nigeria and Botswana, and investigated relevant recommendations and policies provided by other African countries.ResultsVarious challenges face the implementation of LS in countries with low resources comprising poor infrastructure, scarce training programs, and expert training personnel alongside financial boundaries. The adoption of LS in Africa has proved its benefits in improving patient outcomes and reducing hospital admissions. From a perspective of policy, it is crucial to sustain strong ties amongst institutions, stressing the importance of dynamic collaboration and locally tailored policies.ConclusionIt has been demonstrated that LS implementations in African nations lower infection rates and expedite recovery. A strong collaboration between governments, stakeholders, and healthcare providers is fundamental for successful integration of LS. Such extension in low-resource environments may be achieved by providing proper training programs, funding infrastructure and equipment, and fostering effective financial initiatives.Öğe Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Investigation of Antimony(III) Halide Complexes With Different Coordination Architectures Constructed From Thiophene Thiosemicarbazones(Wiley, 2025) Ucar, Okan; Ozturk, Ibrahim I.; Grzeskiewicz, Anita M.; Kubicki, Maciej; Banti, Christina N.; Hadjikakou, Sotiris K.In this study, we report the synthesis, characterization, and biological investigation of antimony(III) halide complexes with various coordination architectures constructed from thiophene thiosemicarbazones. Antimony(III) thiophene-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes (1, 2, 4, and 5) exhibit a square pyramidal geometry, with ligands coordinated to the central antimony atom in two distinct binding modes. In contrast, antimony(III) 2-acetylthiophene thiosemicarbazone complexes (3, 6, and 7) adopt a seesaw geometry. These complexes (1-7) represent the first reported examples of antimony(III) halide thiosemicarbazone compounds. The unique coordination environments observed in these complexes are of significant importance within the realm of antimony chemistry. These synthesized complexes exhibit different coordination geometries as well as potential biological activities. The antiproliferative activity against the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line and antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were assessed. Antimony(III) thiophene-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes (1, 2, 4, and 5) showed significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 values ranging from 8.5 to 19.1 mu M, while antimony(III) 2-acetylthiophene thiosemicarbazone complexes (3, 6, and 7) had higher IC50 values. Additionally, the antimony complexes demonstrated selective antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria.Öğe Weaving Bonds: Constructing a Model to Unveil the Role of Relationship Memories in Satisfaction(Wiley, 2025) Koc-Arik, Gizem; Ozdes, AylinRelationship satisfaction is closely tied to various characteristics of recollected past events within romantic relationships. However, our understanding of how distinct characteristics of these memories, individually and collectively are related to satisfaction remains limited. This study aimed to explore the associations between these characteristics and examine their role in relationship satisfaction. Participants recalled two memories from their relationships and rated the memory characteristics. The results revealed relationships between event characteristics and both rehearsal and recollection. Yet, rehearsal did not mediate the relationship between event characteristics and recollection. When relationship satisfaction was incorporated into the model, negative events marked by high emotion and personal significance, were related to increased rehearsal frequency, which in turn was associated with lower relationship satisfaction. However, personally significant negative events also enhanced recollective features, which heightened relationship satisfaction. These findings highlight the crucial role of relationship memories in relationship satisfaction, especially for the negative events.Öğe Rituximab in ankylosing spondylitis: a promising option when other treatments are not viable(Clinical & Exper Rheumatology, 2025) Gokten, D. BuluT; Mercan, R.[No abstract available]Öğe Activities of Xoybûn Organization in French Archival Documents(Hacettepe Univ, 2024) Yamac, MuezehherPolitical structures shaped by secret agreements made during the World War I caused many problems and chaos such as nationalism, sectarian and identity conflicts that would affect the Ottoman geography for many years. Kurds and Armenians, who were among the subjects that made up the Ottoman Empire, were also used in this plan. It appeared that France, which sought ways to influence the region after the war, increased its efforts to include the Kurds in an anti-Turkish movement with the promise of an autonomous Kurdistan, in order to establish an Armenian state in Eastern Anatolia and ensure its security during the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. Armenians, who could not realize their dreams of a Greater Armenia committed to them during the World War I, made effort to realize these dreams through the Xoybun Organization, a Kurdish-Armenian alliance established under the auspieces of France following the war. Relations between France and Armenians greatly influenced French policy towards the Kurds. With the establishment of Xoybun, a close relationship between Kurds and Armenians emerged. Thus, these two groups, who had faced each other during the World War I and were promised the same lands afterwards, were brought together. This study aims to reveal the anti-Turkish activities of the Xoybun Organization, which was established with the Kurdish-Armenian alliance and the role of France in this period, through French archival documents and relevant secondary sources.Öğe Foliar and seed application of salicylic acid and kinetin impacts of the seed yield, oil content and fatty acid composition of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)(Wiley, 2025) Culpan, Emrullah; Gursoy, MehtapPlant growth regulators (PGRs) play important roles in seedling growth, yield, growth, and other parameters in plants. These PGRs include kinetin (K) and salicylic acid (SA). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PGRs (K and SA) and their different application methods (foliar spray and seed priming) on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in field conditions. The present study was conducted in both 2022 and 2023 years as four independent experiments (seed priming with K, foliar application with K, seed priming with SA, foliar application with SA). In the study, four different doses of K (0, 50, 75, and 100 mg L-1) and SA (0, 50, 75, and 100 mg L-1) were used. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In this study, days to emergence, plant height, branch number, head number, number of seeds per head, head diameter, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, oil content, oil yield, and fatty acid composition parameters were investigated. The study's findings indicate that the PGR applications had a significantly improved seed yield, oil content, oil yield, and the examined fatty acids. The oleic acid content, which is a very important parameter for oilseed crops, was positively affected by seed priming with kinetin. In this study, all applications were compared with each other, and it was concluded that seed priming was more effective than the foliar application method. In addition, it was observed that salicylic acid improved the analyzed characters more positively than kinetin.Öğe Breath of relief: Transforming pediatric asthma care with telemedicine-guided exercises(Wiley, 2025) Karaaslan, Betul Gemici; Ucgun, Hikmet; Kaya, Meltem; Cengiz, Gokce Nuran; Ozturk, Sueda; Barut, Ozge; Korkut, ZeynepBackground: Alternative non-pharmacological strategies such as breathing exercises can be used in combination with pharmacological treatments. Objective: The aim of this randomized, controlled, single-blind study was to investigate the effectiveness of breathing exercises in asthma patients on respiratory function, symptom control and quality of life. Methods: We enrolled pediatric asthma patients who were eligible and motivated for the study and randomly assigned them to either the exercise group (EG) or the control group (CG). The CG received a postural exercise program, while the EG received a breathing exercise program. At baseline and after 12 weeks, respiratory function (FEV1-FVC-FEV1/FVC-PEF), symptom control (using asthma control test, asthma control questionnaire, global initiative for asthma symptom control assessment), quality of life (using pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire), breath-holding test (BHT) and sit-to-stand test (30sSTS) were assessed and compared. Results: One hundred twelve patients were randomized, and 99 (n = 51 EG, n = 48 CG) completed the 12-week study. Baseline data were also similar in both groups. After 12 weeks, FEV1, Peak expiratory flow (by spirometry and peak flow meter) and BHT were significantly better in EG than in CG (p = 0.01 and p = 0.007 and p = 0.005, respectively). Asthma Control Test and GINA symptom control tool values were also significantly better in both groups. Discussion:Our participants were children with mild to moderate asthma. We conclude that our results show that breathing exercises can be an effective intervention for children with partially controlled asthma with FEV1,PEF, and BHTs.Öğe Comparison of coagulation-Fenton oxidation and coagulation-adsorption processes in textile and chemical industry mixed wastewater(Wiley, 2025) Enfiyeci, Aysun; Cifci, Deniz IzlenBACKGROUNDIn this study, the treatment of mixed wastewater from textile and chemical industries using coagulation followed by Fenton oxidation or adsorption processes was investigated. In the coagulation process, the effects of pH and coagulant dosage were examined using polyaluminium chloride, FeCl3 and alum. The effects of Fe2+ and H2O2 concentrations, pH and oxidation time on Fenton oxidation of coagulated mixed industrial wastewater were also investigated. In the adsorption process, the effects of pH, adsorbent dosage and adsorption time were evaluated using coconut-based activated carbon (Coconut-AC) and coal-based activated carbon (Coal-AC).RESULTSIn coagulation, 68.5% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 63.1% total organic carbon (TOC) and 94.3% color removal were achieved with FeCl3 at pH 5 and a coagulant dose of 600 mg L-1. Coagulation-Fenton oxidation resulted in 95.7% COD, 84.1% TOC and 99.0% color removal with 1500 mg L-1 Fe2+ and 6000 mg L-1 H2O2 at pH 3. In the coagulation-adsorption process, 97.5% COD, 95.5% TOC and 99.5% color removal were obtained using Coconut-AC with an adsorbent dosage of 40 g L-1 at pH 3, while 92.3% COD, 82.4% TOC and 99.2% color removal were obtained with Coal-AC at pH 3 and an adsorbent dosage of 30 g L-1.CONCLUSIONEffective treatment of mixed industrial wastewater from the textile and chemical industries can be achieved more quickly using Coconut-AC for adsorption following coagulation. Conversely, the same removal efficiencies can be reached over a longer duration with Fenton oxidation after coagulation. (c) 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).Öğe Tensile performance of inclined adhesive anchors in steel fiber-reinforced concrete(Ernst & Sohn, 2025) Cihan, Mehmet Timur; Aydin, Zekeriya; Kam, SerkanIn almost all studies on post-installed anchors in concrete, the anchor direction is perpendicular to the concrete surface. However, the anchor direction may not be perpendicular to the concrete surface due to application errors or requirements. In the study, the effect of inclination angle is examined experimentally for non-perpendicular anchorage to steel fiber-reinforced concrete. Anchor inclination angle (0 degrees, 15 degrees, and 30 degrees), fiber volume fraction (0%, 1.5%, and 3%), and embedment depth (40, 60, and 80 mm) are considered variables. Trial points are decided using the Box-Behnken experimental design approach. An 8 mm diameter deformed steel bar and two-component epoxy acrylate-based chemical adhesive are used for anchorage. Load-displacement curves, ultimate loads, and failure modes are determined through tensile tests. It is concluded that as the fiber fraction increases, failure modes modify and the negative effect of the inclination angle decreases, particularly in cases of small embedment depth.Öğe Amino Acid Metabolism and Immune Dysfunction in Urea Cycle Disorders: T and B Cell Perspectives(Wiley, 2025) Karaaslan, Betul Gemici; Kiykim, Ayca; Burtecene, Nihan; Gokden, Meltem; Cansever, Mehmet Serif; Hopurcuoglu, Duhan; Cengiz, Gokce NuranUrea cycle disorders (UCDs) are a group of genetic metabolic conditions characterized by enzyme deficiencies responsible for detoxifying ammonia. Hyperammonemia, the accumulation of intermediate metabolites, and a deficiency of essential amino acids-due to a protein-restrictive diet and the use of ammonia scavengers-can increase the risk of infections, particularly during metabolic crises. While the underlying mechanisms of immune suppression are still being fully elucidated, hyperammonemia may impair the function of immune cells, particularly T cells and macrophages, inhibiting the proliferation of T cells and cytokine production. Arginine, which is essential for T-cell activation and function, may also be limited in these patients, and its depletion can increase their vulnerability to infections. Twenty-four UCD patients and 31 healthy donors were recruited for the study. Peripheral lymphocyte subset analysis, intracellular protein and cytokine staining, and proliferation assays were performed by flow cytometry. Amino acid levels were measured using the HPLC method. The UCD patients exhibited low lymphocyte-proliferation capacity in both proximal and distal defects in response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and anti-CD2, anti-CD3, and anti-CD28 (CD-mix), which was lower than healthy controls. Proximal-UCD patients exhibited a significantly higher response for IFN-gamma compared to both distal-UCD patients and healthy controls. The different amino acids in the culture medium were changed significantly in the groups. This study highlights significant immune dysfunctions in UCD patients, particularly impaired T-cell proliferation and altered amino acid metabolism. Proximal UCD patients exhibited a higher IFN-gamma response, indicating a potential for hyperinflammation. Despite this, infection rates did not significantly differ between proximal UCD and distal UCD patients, although distal UCD patients had higher hospitalization rates. Amino acid analysis revealed distinct metabolic disruptions, emphasizing the complex interplay between metabolism and immune function. These findings suggest that UCDs cause profound immune alterations, necessitating further research to develop targeted therapeutic strategies.Öğe Exploration of Soliton Solutions for the Kaup-Newell Model Using Two Integration Schemes in Mathematical Physics(Wiley, 2025) Kopcasiz, Bahadir; Saglam, Fatma Nur KayaThis research deals with the Kaup-Newell model, a class of nonlinear Schr & ouml;dinger equations with important applications in plasma physics and nonlinear optics. Soliton solutions are essential for analyzing nonlinear wave behaviors in different physical systems, and the Kaup-Newell model is also significant in this context. The model's ability to represent subpicosecond pulses makes it a significant tool for the research of nonlinear optics and plasma physics. Overall, the Kaup-Newell model is an important research domain in these areas, with ongoing efforts focused on understanding its various solutions and potential applications. A new version of the generalized exponential rational function method and (G '/G(2))-expansion function method are utilized to discover diverse soliton solutions. The generalized exponential rational function method facilitates the generation of multiple solution types, including singular, shock, singular periodic, exponential, combo trigonometric, and hyperbolic solutions in mixed forms. Thanks to (G '/G(2))-expansion function method, we obtain trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational solutions. The modulation instability of the proposed model is examined, with numerical simulations complementing the analytical results to provide a better understanding of the solutions' dynamic behavior. These results offer a foundation for future research, making the solutions effective, manageable, and reliable for tackling complex nonlinear problems. The methodologies used in this study are robust, influential, and practicable for diverse nonlinear partial differential equations; to our knowledge, for this equation, these methods of investigation have not been explored before. The accuracy of each solution has been verified using the Maple software program.Öğe The Importance of Body Mass Index on Prognostic Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Asymptomatic Nulliparous Women(Wiley, 2025) Dizdarogullari, Gizem Elif; Cam, Cetin; Ayvaci, Habibe; Karateke, AtesIntroductionMeasurements of levator hiatal area (LHA) by pelvic floor ultrasound examination were shown to be associated with symptoms and signs of prolapse and urinary incontinence. Body mass index (BMI) is a modifiable risk factor which has shown to be related with urinary incontinence. Our aim in this study was to observe and to understand the relation between BMI and weight with LH and other transperineal ultrasound parameters such as bladder neck mobility and bladder-urethra angles in asymptomatic nulliparous women.Materials and MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional study in a gynecology outpatient clinic of a tertiary center after receiving ethical approval. Nulliparous women presenting to the gynecology outpatient clinic without any uro-gynecological complaint were invited to participate.ResultsDuring study period, 167 women met the eligibility criteria. Our data showed that weight and BMI are correlated with hiatal dimensions, gamma angle and bladder neck descent even in asymptomatic nulliparous women.DiscussionThese findings may explain why weight loss is associated with improvements in stress incontinence symptoms and why we should encourage women in weight control which is the only modifiable factor in the etiology of incontinence.Öğe Monkeypox Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Outcomes, Public Health Implications, and Security Measures(Wiley, 2024) Salomon, Izere; Hamitoglu, Ali Emir; Hertier, Unkwiye; Belise, Mugabekazi Albright; Sandrine, Uwase; Darius, Benimana; Abdoulkarim, Methode YusufuBackgroundThe Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, is responsible for the zoonotic disease known as MPX. Primarily found in western and central Africa, emerging studies indicate a shift in transmission dynamics. Ongoing MPX outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have escalated into significant public health concerns.ObjectivesThis review endeavors to provide a comprehensive analysis of the public health implications, clinical consequences, and preventive measures related to the current MPX outbreak in the DRC. It focuses on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and public health responses to this global health challenge.MethodologyThe research synthesizes data regarding MPX outbreaks in the DRC, drawing from academic journals, public health reports, and case studies through a narrative review approach.ResultsThe recent outbreak in the DRC has identified approximately 12,569 suspected MPX cases, resulting in 581 fatalities, which corresponds to a case fatality rate (CFR) of 4.6%. These cases have been documented across 156 health sectors in 22 out of 26 provinces, representing the highest case count recorded to date. The epidemic has also encroached upon previously unaffected regions. Hospitalization rates have varied between 4% and 10%, with a significant percentage of cases attributed to sexual transmission. Analysis of demographic and geographic data revealed distinct patterns in viral spread. Clinical outcomes have varied, with an average CFR close to 10%, influenced by factors such as timely diagnosis and access to healthcare services. Rural areas have accounted for over 70% of the cases, highlighting the necessity for targeted public health interventions. Control measures have focused on community awareness campaigns and immunization programs, reaching approximately 50% of the at-risk population; however, challenges related to resource limitations and political instability have impeded effective response strategies.ConclusionThe ongoing MPX outbreak in the DRC poses a substantial public health challenge. While progress has been made in managing the epidemic, it remains imperative to address resource deficiencies and enhance public health systems. Strengthening international collaboration, expanding healthcare access, and improving surveillance capabilities are critical to mitigating the risk of future outbreaks.Öğe In Silico and In Vitro Verification of the Effects of Chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin and 5-Fluorouracil in Combination With Curcumin and Vitamin C on MCF-7 Cells(Wiley, 2025) Akyuz, Asli; Sirin, Duygu Y. A. S. A. R.Breast cancer ranks among the most prevalent cancers. Enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy and patient survival is the objective of many studies. In the literature, no study has investigated the combined effect of vitamin c and curcumin with chemotherapy drugs on cell viability in the MCF-7 cell line, nor the mechanism of inflammation induced by cancer drugs, both in vitro and in silico. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the synergistic effect of curcumin and vitamin c in combination with the chemotherapy drugs 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin. The cytokine hub genes of the Toll-like receptor pathway for the administered drugs were identified using the Cytoscape program, and docking studies were conducted via the Cb Dock2 website. In silico analyses indicated that doxorubicin and curcumin displayed comparable characteristics, achieving the highest interaction scores (-10) with marker proteins, whereas 5-fluorouracil and vitamin c showed lower interaction scores. Cell viability was evaluated through MTT analysis and AO/PI staining, while the expression of inflammation-related markers IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha proteins determined using the ELISA method. After 24 h, the cell viability of the chemotherapeutic drugs administered in combination with curcumin decreased by up to 28%. Subsequently, applications at 48 and 72 h were performed. These results indicate that the effect of curcumin on cell viability is significant when combined with chemotherapy drugs. In the ELISA test, a 52% expression of IL-6 was noted in MCF-7 cells treated with curcumin, whereas the IL-6 level decreased to 15% in the other experimental groups. An increase was observed in the TNF-alpha expression with 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin compared to the control, while a notable decrease was recorded in the applications with vitamin c and curcumin (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that vitamin c and curcumin exhibit a synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic agents in the inflammatory system.Öğe Computational analysis of virus-host protein-protein interactions using gene ontology and natural language processing(Springer, 2025) Cihan, Pinar; Ozger, Zeynep Banu; Cakabay, ZeynepThe role of in-silico computational methods in identifying protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between target and host proteins is crucial for developing effective infection treatments. These methods are essential for quickly determining high-quality and accurate PPIs, predicting protein pairs with the highest likelihood of physical interaction from a large pool, and reducing the need for experimental confirmation or prioritizing pairs for experiments. This study proposes using gene ontology and natural language processing (NLP) approaches to extract and quantify features from protein sequences. In the first step, proteins were represented using gene ontology terms, and a set of features was generated. In the second step, NLP techniques treated gene ontology terms as a word dictionary, creating numerical vectors using the bag of words (BoW), count vector, term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), and information content methods. In the third step, different machine learning methods, including Decision Tree, Random Forest, Bagging-RepTree, Bagging-RF, BayesNet, Deep Neural Network (DNN), Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and VotedPerceptron, were employed to predict protein interactions in the datasets. In the fourth step, the Max-Min Parents and Children (MMPC) feature selection algorithm was applied to improve predictions using fewer features. The performance of the developed method was tested on the SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction dataset. The MMPC algorithm reduced the feature count by over 99%, enhancing protein interaction prediction. After feature selection, the DNN method achieved the highest predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.878 and an F-Measure of 0.793. Sequence-based protein encoding methods AAC, APAAC, CKSAAPP, CTriad, DC, and PAAC were applied to proteins in the SARS-CoV-2 interaction dataset and their performance was compared with GO-NLP. The performance of the relevant methods was measured separately and combined. The highest performance was obtained from the combined dataset with an AUC value of 0.888. This study demonstrates that the proposed gene ontology and NLP approach can successfully predict protein-protein interactions for antiviral drug design with significantly fewer features using the MMPC-DNN model.Öğe Comparison of the overall fit of three-unit posterior fixed dental prostheses fabricated with laser sintering and conventional casting methods(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Pekkan, Gurel; Degirmenci, Kubra; Tuna, Suleyman Hakan; Hekimoglu, Canan; Saridag, SerkanObjectives The aim of this study was to investigate the marginal, internal, and occlusal discrepancies of three-unit posterior cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) produced using five different fabrication techniques. Materials and methods Segmental maxillary models were prepared from polyamide material using a laser sintering method. The maxillary first premolar and first molar teeth were prepared to receive posterior FDPs. Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and selective laser melting (SLM) were used as two metal laser Co-Cr framework production systems. FDP specimen patterns were prepared by manual wax carving (Cast), 3D-printed polymer (3DP), and CAD/CAM wax and cast using the lost-wax technique as conventional methods. In total, 100 Co-Cr metal framework specimens were prepared for posterior FDPs (n = 20). The silicone replica technique was used to measure marginal, internal, and occlusal discrepancies of all frameworks. A stereomicroscope was employed to detect discrepancies at 100x magnification. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA (alpha = 0.05) and post hoc Bonferroni adjustment (alpha = 0.005) for pairwise comparisons. Results There were no significant differences between the occlusal discrepancy values of premolar abutments of FDPs when compared with different fabrication methods (P > 0.05). The highest marginal discrepancy value was detected as 116.22 mu m for molar abutment when the Cast method was used (P < 0.05). The highest occlusal discrepancy values were detected as 135.60 mu m and 141.49 mu m for molar abutments of posterior FDPs when the 3DP and Cast methods were used. The lowest marginal discrepancy value was detected as 38.94 mu m for molar abutments when the DMLS method was used (P < 0.05). Conclusions The DMLS method was more successful than other fabrication methods when fit values of abutment teeth for posterior frameworks were compared. Clinical relevance The morphology of the abutment teeth and the fabrication techniques of FDPs migth affect the discrepancy values of FDPs planned. It was seen that the discrepancy values were lowest with the DMLS and SLM methods. Considering the results of this in-vitro study, DMLS and SLM techniques may be more appropriate option than the 3DP method, which starts with digital design and ends conventionally casting technique for posterior three-unit FDPs.
