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A Systematic Review of IoT Technology and Applications in Animals
(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2024) Ozger, Zeynep Banu; Cihan, Pinar; Gokce, Erhan
Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) is a mechanism that manages a production system. This mechanism includes mathematical models and controllable inputs that can predict inputs with processes and results that can be monitored periodically. These parameters of PLF systems can improve resource use efficiency and reduce cultivation costs. Many situations, such as the behaviour of animals on farms, their nutrition, estrus cycles, and epidemics, can be monitored with wearable devices containing various sensors. However, real-time monitoring of the data collected by these devices is possible with Internet of Things (IoT) technology. IoT is a multi-layered network that enables sensors within the system to communicate with each other and implement certain decisions when necessary. Sensors and IoT devices extract information from the raw data they collect from the environment, which is then shared with other objects, devices, or servers via the internet. The real-time data collection, processing, and analysis provided by IoT enables improvements in the management of animal farms. This systematic review addresses IoT concepts and applications in the livestock sector from a systematic perspective for different animal farms.
Horse Surgery and Survival Prediction with Artificial Intelligence Models: Performance Comparison of Original, Imputed, Balanced, and Feature-Selected Datasets
(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2024) Cihan, Pinar
Artificial intelligence (AI) technology, while less advanced than in human medicine, holds significant potential in the field of veterinary medicine. This technology offers a range of essential benefits, such as disease diagnosis, treatment planning, disease control, and overall animal health improvement. Based on clinical data, this study uses 15 AI models to predict the necessity of surgery and the likelihood of survival in horses displaying symptoms of acute abdominal pain (colic). By comparing surgical and survival predictions across the original, imputed missing values, and balanced datasets, we determine the most effective dataset based on the average accuracy of the 15 AI models. Furthermore, we explore the potential for improved accuracy with a reduced feature set by calculating feature importance scores for surgery and survival predictions. Our results indicate that the balanced dataset achieved the highest average accuracy for predicting surgery and survival, with 80.76% and 77.96%, respectively. The Random Forest (RF) model outperformed others as the most accurate model for both surgery (accuracy = 85.83, Area Under the Curve [AUC] = 0.906) and survival prediction (accuracy = 80.75, AUC = 0.888). It was observed that reducing the number of features in the dataset by 56% led to an increase in surgery prediction accuracy to 86.38%. Similarly, when the number of features was reduced by 24% for survival prediction, the prediction performance increased to 83.75%. This study emphasizes the importance of the precise implementation of artificial intelligence techniques in veterinary medicine, which can significantly enhance model performance.
Identification and Recognition of Animals from Biometric Markers Using Computer Vision Approaches: A Review
(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2023) Cihan, Pinar; Saygili, Ahmet; Ozmen, Nihat Eren; Akyuzlu, Muhammed
Although classic methods (such as ear tagging, marking, etc.) are generally used for animal identification and recognition, biometric methods have gained popularity in recent years due to the advantages they offer. Systems utilizing biometric markers have been developed for various purposes in animal management, including more effective and accurate tracking of animals, vaccination, disease management, and prevention of theft and fraud. Animals' irises, retinas, faces, muzzle, and body patterns contain unique biometric markers. The use of these markers in computer vision approaches for animal identification and tracking systems has become a highly effective and promising research area in recent years. This review aims to provide a general overview of the latest developments in image processing approaches for animal identification and recognition applications. In this review, we examined in detail all relevant studies we could access from different electronic databases for each biometric method. Afterward, the opportunities and challenges of classical and biometric methods were compared. We anticipate that this study, which conducts a literature review on animal identification and recognition based on computer vision approaches, will shed light on future research towards developing automated systems with biometric methods.
Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ginger Extract on Small Intestine Tissue in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats
(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2023) Bakir, Buket
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of the ginger extract on the TNF-a, IL-1(3, bax and bcl-2 expression in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) of rats with experimentally induced diabetes and also, it was examined the ultrastructure of the small intestine by scanning electron microscopy. Wistar albino rats were assigned to five groups as control, sham, ginger, diabetes control, ginger + diabetes. Experimental diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg STZ. Ginger and diabetes + ginger group were administered ethanolic ginger extract (200 mg/kg) by oral gavage. In the diabetes control group, it was revealed that intestinal mucosa thickness increased and the villi were folded over each other in the form of a roll and there were disrupted the integrity. Also, while bax, TNF-a, and IL-1(3 expression increased and bcl-2 expression decreased. In the group treated with ginger, both intestinal histologies and bax, bcl-2, TNF-a, and IL-1(3 expressions were similar to that of the control group. It was observed that ginger has regulatory effects on inflammatory and apoptotic proteins in the small intestine in diabetes. Ginger can be evaluated in the treatment of diabetes and may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Heterotic grouping of wheat hybrids based on general and specific combining ability from line x tester analysis
(Peerj Inc, 2024) Deviren, Birol; Bilgin, Oguz; Kutlu, Imren
The most important step in plant breeding is the correct selection of parents, and it would be wise to use heterotic groups for this. The purpose of this study is to analyse yield and its components as well as genetic diversity in line x tester wheat populations. It also seeks to present a coherent framework for the isolation of early superior families and the development of heterotic groups in bread wheat. F1 1 and F2 2 generations of 51 genotypes, including 36 combinations between 12 lines and three testers and 15 parents, were evaluated for yield and its components in a three-replication experiment according to the randomized block design. Line x tester analysis of variance, general and specific combining abilities, heterosis, heterobeltiosis and inbreeding depression were calculated. Heterotic groups created based on general and specific combining abilities were compared with each other. The results showed that there was sufficient genetic variation in the population and that further genetic calculations could be made. The selections made based on general and specific combining abilities, heterosis values and average performance of genotypes without heterotic grouping indicated different genotypes for each feature. The creation of heterotic groups made it possible to select genotypes that were superior in terms of all the criteria listed. It was concluded that heterotic groups created based on specific combining abilities may be more useful for breeding studies.
FUNCTIONAL AND MATRIX APPROXIMATION OF NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF HAAR WAVELET
(Publ House Bulgarian Acad Sci, 2024) Mert, Oya; Bakir, Yasemin
In this article, a uniform Haar wavelet approach is devised to numerically solve the differential equations. The uniform Haar wavelet coefficients are generated by employing collocation points. The generalized approach for function and matrix approximation using Haar wavelets is proposed. This study aims to decide which method is more useful by reflecting on the differences between the two methods. Also, the application of Haar wavelets to the solution of a first and second-order ODE is described in this research. To assess its applicability and efficiency, two test problems are used. The findings obtained are compared to those obtained using the function and matrix approximation methods. For numerically solving first and second-order ODEs, the Haar wavelet methodology gives a more reliable and exact method. By estimating error norms for various problems, the performance and accuracy of the method have been shown.
Effect of Educational Training to Promote Awareness Regarding Corneal Donation: Comparison of Students Enrolled in Health Care Versus Non-Health Care Curriculums at a Turkish University
(Baskent Univ, 2023) Yildiz, Tulin; Onler, Ebru; Avcu, Cagla
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the awareness of university students enrolled in health care versus nonhealthcare curriculums, to study knowledge on corneal donation before and after education. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted at a university for 5 months, from January 2020 to May 2020. A team of researchers reviewed the literature and prepared a questionnaire consisting of 22 points of information, to assess the participants' knowledge and perceptions of corneal transplant. The questionnaire was used for face-to-face interviews conducted with the participants at 3 time points: before the educational training, immediately after the educational training, and 4 to 6 weeks after the educational training. The research sample consisted of 276 students. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 22.0). This study complies with the Helsinki Congress and Istanbul Declaration. Results: Although the average score before the educational training was 10.93, we observed an average score of 20.79 points immediately after the educational training and an average score of 19.65 points 4 to 6 weeks after the educational training, which demonstrated a significant increase in students' knowledge level. The mean score achieved by the nursing students from the questionnaire before and after the educational training was found to be significantly higher than the mean score of the physical education and sports students. The willingness of nursing students to donate their own cornea was significantly higher before and immediately after education, and the willingness to donate a relative's cornea was found to be significantly higher just before education. Conclusions: Greater awareness of corneal donation was associated with higher levels of education, suggesting that social awareness can increase when all health care professionals are informed about corneal donation via online platforms or face-to-face methods.
The effect of non-pharmacological methods on pain in patients undergoing open heart surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(Baycinar Medical Publ-Baycinar Tibbi Yayincilik, 2024) Yildiz, Tulin; Oyuktas, Merve; Avcu, Cagla
Background: In this meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the effect of non-pharmacological methods on pain in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Methods: Scientific articles published between January 2002 and April 2022 were scanned in ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Mendeley, Wiley Online Library databases. The keywords open heart surgery, cardiovascular surgery, non-pharmacological, complementary medicine, and pain were used in Turkish and English language. As a result of the search, 7,952 studies were identified and analyzed. Research data were obtained from 49 scientific articles. Results: The total sample size of the studies included in the analysis was 3,097. The total effect size was found to be 3.070, with a 95% confidence interval of 2.522 at the lower limit and 3.736 at the upper limit. Non-pharmacological pain methods in open heart surgery included positive environmental experience, distraction, massage therapy, hand massage, foot massage, acupuncture therapy, lavender essential oil inhalation, cold application, music therapy, breathing and relaxation exercises, neurolinguistic programming, guided visualization, imagery, therapeutic touch, osteopathic treatment, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Conclusion: The pain of patients who underwent open heart surgery with non-pharmacological methods combined with pharmacological methods was three times less than those without non-pharmacological methods. Based on these findings, non-pharmacological methods are recommended for use due to their ease of application, and low side effects.
Evaluation of the Quality of Life and the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Pemphigus With Oral Mucosal involvement: A Multicenter Observational Study
(Mattioli 1885, 2024) Polat, Asude Kara; Mulayim, Mehmet Kamil; Gur, Tugba Falay; Acar, Ayda; Bozca, Burcin Cansu; Ceylan, Can; Kilinc, Fadime
Introduction: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease primarily affecting the oral mucosa. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics of PV patients with oral mucosal involvement and to assess the impact on their quality of life. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study among 106 patients diagnosed with PV and presenting oral mucosal involvement. Demographic data, clinical and treatment characteristics, and quality of life questionnaires were recorded. Results: The study included 106 patients, 55 (51.89%) were male and there was a predominance of the mucocutaneous subtype in 83 individuals (78.38%). Oral mucosa was the initial site of manifestation in 44 patients (41.51%). Bilateral buccal mucosa was the most frequently affected site. The predominant symptom reported was a burning sensation, noted in 91 patients (85.85%). Oral mucosal examination revealed erosions in 85.85% of the patients. Systemic steroids were the most commonly administered treatment, and rituximab was used in 18 patients (16.98%). A positive and significant correlation was found between pemphigus severity and Oral Health Impact Profile-14, Dermatology Life Quality Index and Dermatological Quality of Life Scale scores (P < 0.05). The presence of superficial ulcers, flaccid bullae, lesion diameter >= 1 cm, and >10 lesions were factors that markedly diminished quality of life. Complete response to treatment was noted in all patients administered rituximab. Conclusions: The most common area of involvement was bilateral buccal mucosa, and the severity of PV closely correlated with a decline in quality of life measures. These results highlight the need for careful clinical oversight of PV, taking into account its effects on patients quality of life.
Safety and Efficacy of Live Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in Patients with Kindey Stone: Outcomes from a Boutique Course Series Which Complies with the Live Surgery Event Policies
(Iniestares, S.A., 2023) Ozman, Oktay; Citgez, Sinharib; Basatac, Cem; Akguel, Haci Murat; Kalender, Goektug; Yazici, Cenk Murat; Tanidir, Yiloeren
Background: Live surgery events (LSEs) are frequently organized for sharing the surgical experiences with surgeons at the beginning of their learning curves. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the outcomes and complication rates of patients underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) at LSEs are comparable with regular cases. Methods: Ten courses were organized during 2017-2022. Data of 32 patients who operated in the LSEs were 1:3 matched (for stone burden and surgeon) with the data of patients who underwent regular RIRS within the course periods at the same centers (n = 96). All courses took place in concordance with the latest LSE policies. The primary outcomes were stone-free and complication rates. Fluoroscopy and operation times were the secondary outcomes. Results: Stone-free rates of the groups were similar (84% in LSE and 79% in control group; p = 0.520). Similarly, there were no differences in complication rates (p = 0.428) and fluoroscopy time (p = 0.477). Duration of the LSE cases (82.24 +/- 31.12 min) was slightly but insignificantly longer than regular cases (73.77 +/- 20.89 min, p = 0.092). Moreover, guest surgeons tend to have longer operation time with statistically insignificant prolongation (74.92 +/- 30.43 min for host, 89.52 +/- 28.34 min for guest surgeons, p = 0.064). Conclusions: RIRS can be performed without jeopardizing operation efficiency and patient safety in LSEs. If surgeon is not familiar with operating room set-up or staff, live surgery must be performed by host surgeon to avoid extended operating time.
A new and effective method to synthesize carbazolones by rhodium (I)-catalyzed annulation of 2-aminobenzaldehyde with cyclohexane-1,3-diones
(Natl Inst Science Communication & Policy Research-Niscpr, 2024) Uludag, Nesimi
In this research, substituted carbazolones have been synthesized by treating 2-aminobenzaldehyde and cyclohexane-1,3diones using chlorobis(cyclooctene)rhodium(I)-catalyzed [Rh(coe)2Cl]2 in one-pot reactions and are found to have applications in organic synthesis and the pharmaceutical industry. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions, affording a range of carbazolone derivatives, and the product isolated in good to excellent yields (up to 93%).
Facile and efficient method for Zn(OTf)2 catalyzed synthesis of isocoumarin derivatives and their antioxidant properties
(Natl Inst Science Communication & Policy Research-Niscpr, 2023) Uludag, Nesimi; Nevarsa, Alev Orhan
In this research, the corresponding isocoumarin derivatives have been synthesized by tandem intramolecular cyclization of methyl 2-(phenylethynyl)benzoate 1 with ethyl acrylate. This process involves the synthesis of compounds 3-9 from compound 1 and 2 in one-pot reaction and zinc triflate as catalyst. The antioxidant properties of the synthesized isocoumarin have also been investigated by DPPH method.
Pain types and risk factors in post-COVID-19
(Baycinar Medical Publ-Baycinar Tibbi Yayincilik, 2024) Ketenci, Aysegul; Zure, Mert; Akpinar, Fatma Merih; Ozdemir, Yelda Soluk; Balbaloglu, Oezlem; Akaltun, Mazlum Serdar; Erden, Ender
Objectives: This study aims to accurately evaluate pain lasting longer than three months and falls under the category of chronic pain and to determine the risk factors to follow up and treat properly and to develop appropriate diagnostic and treatment algorithms. Patients and methods: Between March 2021 and December 2021, a total of 437 patients (162 males, 275 females; mean age: 44 +/- 14.6 years; range, 12 to 82 years) who were referred to the participating centers due to pain complaints and were diagnosed with post-COVID-19 condition according to the criteria defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups as nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain, and central sensitization, based on the physician's clinical evaluation and the Self-Report Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) and Central Sensitization Inventory scores. Results: The most common diagnosis was nociceptive pain followed by central sensitization. Patients with nociceptive pain had less pain. It was found that not exercising regularly, having a chronic disease and being a woman were risk factors for central sensitization, having thyroid disease before COVID-19, and defining the current pain as very severe were risk factors for neuropathic pain. Conclusion: In the evaluation of post-COVID-19 pain, neuropathic pain and central sensitization should be also considered in addition to nociceptive pain and the severity of pain, systemic diseases and physical activity should be questioned.
An unusual clinical presentation of nontraumatic myositis ossificans: Leg length discrepancy
(Baycinar Medical Publ-Baycinar Tibbi Yayincilik, 2024) Sirin, Akif; Sarifakioglu, Banu; Ustaoemer, Kuebra; Yilmaz, Ertan
Functional leg length discrepancy results from soft tissue tightness or weakness across any joint in the lower extremity or spine. Herein, we present a 23-year-old female patient with leg length discrepancy due to a nontraumatic myositis ossificans (MO). Interpretation of the imaging findings is quite decisive in diagnosing soft tissue pathologies. It is particularly valid for MO to differentiate from other malignant or infectious lesions. There is no consensus on the treatment of nontraumatic MO. Although there are studies stating the contrary, surgical interventions should be considered as second option for patients who failed with nonsurgical treatments such as physical therapy.
Fluid-based wearable sensors: a turning point in personalized healthcare
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Vural, Berin; Uludag, Inci; Ince, Bahar; Ozyurt, Canan; Ozturk, Funda; Sezginturk, Mustafa Kemal
Nowadays, it has become very popular to develop wearable devices that can monitor biomarkers to analyze the health status of the human body more comprehensively and accurately. Wearable sensors, specially designed for home care services, show great promise with their ease of use, especially during pandemic periods. Scientists have conducted many innovative studies on new wearable sensors that can noninvasively and simultaneously monitor biochemical indicators in body fluids for disease prediction, diagnosis, and management. Using noninvasive electrochemical sensors, biomarkers can be detected in tears, saliva, perspiration, and skin interstitial fluid (ISF). In this review, biofluids used for noninvasive wearable sensor detection under four main headings, saliva, sweat, tears, and ISF-based wearable sensors, were examined in detail. This report analyzes nearly 50 recent articles from 2017 to 2023. Based on current research, this review also discusses the evolution of wearable sensors, potential implementation challenges, and future prospects.
Development of a new insulation material from hazelnut shells (hazelnut shell insulation board - HSIB)
(Polish Society Magnesium Research, 2023) Ozocak, Murat; Sisman, Can Burak
Environmental pollution caused by waste is constantly increasing. In this context, waste disposal efforts have gained importance. Among possible solutions, the disposal of waste by converting it into a new product stands out. In addition to preventing environmental pollution, it is also possible to obtain a new product by utilizing wastes, especially generated by agricultural production. A new insulation material (HSIB) has been developed from hazelnut shells used in different proportions. The aim of this study has been to produce insulation boards by using the shells released as waste after hazelnut production. For this purpose, 5 mm thick insulation boards were made by gluing very fine-grained (0-4 mm) hazelnut shells with epoxy and pressing. Two separate types of board were formed, composed of 80% and 90% of the hazelnut shells and 20% and 10% epoxy as binder, respectively. Thermal conductivity, sound transmission, water absorption, unit volume and compressive strength tests were carried out on both board types. The results showed that the unit volume weights of the boards were 1.543-1,592 g cm - 3 , thermal conductivity coefficients were 0.136-0.148 W(m.K) -1 , and sound transmission velocities were 1196-1270 m s -1 . Thermal conductivity and sound transmission values have a strong linear correlation with volume. Within the scope of the research, it can be said that the insulation board (HSIB) developed by using hazelnut shells, which are agricultural waste, can be used to improve thermal insulation in different parts of buildings, such as walls and ceilings.
Evaluation of plant-based measurements during the flowering period for purposes of the management of irrigation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
(Polish Society Magnesium Research, 2023) Salbas, Buse; Erdem, Tolga
In this study, effects of different applications of irrigation on yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and usability of plant-based measurement techniques in irrigation applications were investigated. As a result of the study, the evapotranspiration values measured in the experimen-tal subjects during the plant growing season changed, depending on the amount of irrigation water applied, between 375.2 and 655.0 mm in 2018 and between 278.2 and 801.3 mm in 2019. The seed yields obtained from treatments in both years changed depending on the amount of water entering the soil (precipitation + irrigation). Linear relationships were calculated between applied irrigation water, measured seasonal evapotranspiration and seed yields of sun- flower. The IWUE (Irrigation Water Use Efficiency) and WUE (Water Use Efficiency) values were found to be high in the experimental treatments with less irrigation water. As a result of the study, it can be suggested that 25 and 50% of the evaporation values measured from class A pan evaporation is applied under limited water supply conditions. In the under-limited water conditions, the leaf area index value of 2.83-3.95 m2 m-2, leaf water potential value of-13 and-14 bar, chlorophyll content of 45-50, stomatal conductance value of 35-70 mmol m-2 s-1, photosynthesis rate value of 25-30 & mu;mol CO2 m-2 s-1 and transpiration rate of 5-8 mmol H2O m-2 s-1 can be used for irrigation applications, especially in the flowering period of sunflower. It is important to determine the irrigation data required for sunflower in terms of protection of soil and water resources in conditions where irrigation practices are not very intensive and drip irrigation applications are new.
Investigation of the Effect of Farnesol on Biofilm Formation by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis Complex Isolates
(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2024) Erdal, Berna; Baylan, Bensu; Batar, Bahadir; Ozturk, Ali; Topcu, Birol
The incidence of infections caused by Candida species has significantly increased over the past three decades. Candida albicans is commonly recognized as the primary causative agent in cases of candidiasis; however, non-albicans Candida species, including Candida parapsilosis, are also frequently defined as pathogens. Treatment -resistant infections arise as a result of biofilm formation, which is one of the effective mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Candida infections. However, the mechanisms of action of farnesol, a quorum sensing (QS) system molecule, on biofilm formation by Candida species remain unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the changes in the biofilm biomass of C.albicans and C.parapsilosis complex isolates in the presence of farnesol and reveal the expression of the EFG1 and BCR1 genes, which are believed to play a role in the production of QS molecules, using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. C.albicans (n= 91) and C.parapsilosis complex (n= 29) isolates obtained from different clinical samples were included in the study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of farnesol were determined using the broth microdilution method according to the M27 -A3 protocol of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The biofilm biomass of the isolates was examined without farnesol and at the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations of farnesol. Changes in the expression of the biofilm-associated EFG1 and BCR1 genes were investigated using qRT-PCR. According to the results of the study, the MIC values of farnesol were detected in the range of 1-2 mM in 82.4% (n= 75) of the C.albicans isolates and in the range of 0.5-1 mM in 72.4% (n= 21) of the C.parapsilosis complex isolates. Of the C.albicans isolates, 27 (29.7%) exhibited a strong biofilm formation and 58 (63.7%) demonstrated a weaker biofilm formation, while these rates were 34.4% (n= 10) and 62.1% (n= 18), respectively, for the C.parapsilosis complex isolates. At the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations, farnesol was observed to reduce biofilm biomass among C.albicans (n= 24, 88.9%) and C.parapsilosis complex (n= 8, 80.0%) isolates that formed strong biofilms and observed to increase biofilm biomass among those that formed weak biofilms [60.3% (n= 35) and 55.6% (n= 10), respectively]. On completion of the qRT-PCR analysis supporting the results of the biofilm experiment, it was determined that the expressions of the EFG1 and BCR1 genes decreased at the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations of farnesol among the strong biofilm-forming C.albi- cans and C.parapsilosis complex isolates, but there was an increase in gene expressions among the weak biofilm-forming isolates. In addition to the antifungal effect of farnesol on Candida species, this study provided data on the efficacy of the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations of farnesol against Candida biofilm biomass. Although our results suggest that farnesol can be used as an alternative agent to reduce biofilm formation in Candida infections, they need to be supported by further studies. Moreover, this research has significance as it represents the first study to determine the EFG1 and BCR1 gene expressions among C.parapsilosis complex isolates in the presence of farnesol.
Brown rust resistance screening and molecular characterization of wheat cultivars by molecular markers
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Bilgen, Behiye Banu; Yuruk, Busra; Nasirian, Hazal
Triticum aestivum L. is one of the major strategic crops for many reasons such as being the basic material for the majority of nutrients, being a source of energy, a source of protein, and also other organic and inorganic compounds for both humans and animals. The genetic characterization is useful for designing plant breeding programs for many plants, including wheat. The selection of genotypes resistant to stress (biotic and abiotic) conditions is another important point for the design of plant breeding programs. Wheat brown (leaf) rust is one of the major significant biotic stress factors. In this study, marker analysis for brown rust resistance for Lr13, Lr14a, Lr19, Lr22a, Lr24, Lr34, Lr37, and Lr47 genes was performed, and the genetic characterization of 96 wheat genotypes was determined by 8 SSR and 4 ISSR loci. Eighteen alleles were determined for SSR loci (polymorphism ratio of 37.5%) and a total of 33 polymorphic bands (polymorphism ratio of 82.5%) were determined for ISSR loci. The mean Shannon Index was estimated as I (SSR) = 0.298 and I (ISSR) = 0.346. The mean gene diversity for SSR and ISSR was estimated as 0.407 and 0.246, respectively. The genetic similarity value based unweighted pair group method with arithmetic was used to form the dendrogram and it was remarked wheat varieties were grouped into two main clusters. The STRUCTURE analysis also separated the studied wheat genotypes into two groups. The results reveal the genetic structure, the genetic diversity, and the presence of resistance alleles of used wheat varieties, and the selection of genetically diverse and leaf rust-resistant genotypes can serve as valuable parents for future wheat breeding or improving breeding programs.
Determination of some environmental factors on milk yield traits and milk components in Simmental cows
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2024) Sahin, Onur; Soysal, Mehmet Ihsan; Gurcan, Eser Kemal
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of various environmental factors on milk yield and milk components in Simmental cows. In the present study, 33,813 milk yield records from 1631 cows and milk samples from 233 cows were used for milk component analysis. Lactation milk yield (LMY) and 305 -day yield (305-DMY) were the milk yield characteristics studied. Environmental factors considered for milk yield characteristics included province, calving year, calving month, parity, age, and lactation length. Milk components analyzed were fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), lactose percentage (LP), somatic cell count (Log(10)SCC), and dry matter (DM). Environmental factors considered for milk components were province, birth year, control month, calving month, and parity. The results indicated that all environmental factors significantly influenced milk yield characteristics (p < 0.01). Specifically, province and birth year significantly affected FP and Log(10)SCC (p < 0.01), whereas calving month, control month, and parity did not significantly affect FP. Province, birth year, and control month significantly influenced PP and DM (p < 0.01), while calving month and parity did not significantly affect PP. Province was the only significant factor for LP (p < 0.01). Considering all data, the averages of traits were as follows: LMY (5628.1 +/- 12.80 kg), 305-DMY (5309.2 +/- 11.80 kg), total dry matter yield (TDMY) (22.58 +/- 0.51 kg), DM (12.43 +/- 0.08%), Log10SCC (2.29 +/- 0.04, equivalent to 226239 cells/mL), FP (3.78 +/- 0.06%), PP (3.57 +/- 0.02%), and LP (4.72 +/- 0.01%).

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