Time-varying convergences of environmental footprint levels between European countries

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dc.authorscopusid56127310200
dc.authorscopusid56844793300
dc.authorscopusid56625634400
dc.authorscopusid57223936109
dc.authorscopusid36023223200
dc.authorscopusid57192910839
dc.contributor.authorYıldırım, Durmuş Çağrı
dc.contributor.authorYıldırım, Seda
dc.contributor.authorErdoğan, Seyfettin
dc.contributor.authorDemirtaş, Işıl
dc.contributor.authorCouto, Gualter
dc.contributor.authorCastanho, Rui Alexandre
dc.date.accessioned2022-05-11T14:02:48Z
dc.date.available2022-05-11T14:02:48Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.departmentFakülteler, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, İktisat Bölümü
dc.departmentFakülteler, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
dc.description.abstractThis study proposes the time-varying nonlinear panel unit root test to investigate the convergence of ecological foot prints between the EU and candidate countries. Sixteen European countries (such as Albania, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden and Turkey) and analysis periods are selected according to data availability. This study proposes a cross-sectional Panel KSS with Fourier to test the convergence of the ecological footprints. Then, we combine this methodology with the rolling window method to take into account the time-varying stationarity of series. This study evaluated sub-components of ecological footprints separately and provided more comprehensive findings for the ecological footprint. According to empirical findings, this study proves that convergence or divergence does not show continuity over time. On the other side, this study points out the presence of divergence draws attention when considering the properties of the sub-components in general. As a result, this study shows that international policies by EU countries are generally accepted as successful to reduce ecological footprint, but these are not sufficient as expected. In this point, it is suggested to keep national policies to support international policies in the long term. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT: ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000089, UIDB/00685/2020
dc.description.sponsorshipThis paper is financed by Portuguese national funds through FCT?Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e a Tecnologia, I.P., project number UIDB/00685/2020 and also by the project GREAT-Genuine Rural Experiences in the Azores Tourism, with the code: ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000089.
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding: This paper is financed by Portuguese national funds through FCT–Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., project number UIDB/00685/2020 and also by the project GREAT-Genuine Rural Experiences in the Azores Tourism, with the code: ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000089.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/en14071813
dc.identifier.issn1996-1073
dc.identifier.issue7en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85106536385
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/en14071813
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11776/4493
dc.identifier.volume14
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000638404400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.institutionauthorYıldırım, Durmuş Çağrı
dc.institutionauthorYıldırım, Seda
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.ispartofEnergies
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectConvergence
dc.subjectEnvironmental footprint
dc.subjectNonlinear unit root test
dc.subjectRolling window
dc.subjectTime-varying
dc.subjectEcology
dc.subjectData availability
dc.subjectEcological footprint
dc.subjectEmpirical findings
dc.subjectEnvironmental footprints
dc.subjectEuropean Countries
dc.subjectInternational policies
dc.subjectNational policies
dc.subjectNonlinear panels
dc.subjectEnvironmental protection
dc.titleTime-varying convergences of environmental footprint levels between European countries
dc.typeArticle

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