Selanik'te 18. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Para Vakıfları ve Kredi İşlemleri
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2014
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Abstract
Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda çok erken dönemlerde ortaya çıkan para vakıfları, 18. yüzyıla gelindiğinde, Anadolu ve Rumelideki kentlerinde oldukça yaygınlaşmış, hemen her kentte olağan birer küçük kredi kurumlarından biri haline gelmişlerdir. Bu yönüyle, bankacılık işlemlerinin henüz yeterince gelişmediği bir toplumda, gerek ticari işlemler gerekse, bireyselve toplumsal nedenlerle ihtiyaç duyulan nakit kredi taleplerinin karşılanmasında önemli rol üstlenmişlerdir. Bu özellikleriyle, artan vergi borçları dolayısıyla tefecilerden yüksek faizle borçlanan köylülerle, küçük işletmecilere daha düşük faizle kredi sağlayarak önemli katkılar sağlamışlardır. Bu çerçevede, çalışmamız, 1696-1766 yılları arasında, Selanik Kadı Sicilleri koleksiyonunda yer alan dört adet para vakıfları tahrir defterinden yararlanarak, 18.yüzyılın ilk yarısındaSelanikte para vakıfların borç-kredi işlemlerindeki yeri ve rolü; vakıfların kurucuları, sermayeleri, kredi verdikleri kişiler ve uyguladıkları faiz oranları analiz edilerek, bu vakıfların Selanik kenti finans tarihindeki yerleri değerlendirilecektir.
The cash waqfs, which emerged in the early periods of the Ottoman Empire, were very widespread inthe cities ofAnatolia and Rumeli in the 18thcentury, and wereusual credit institutions almost in all cities of the empire. In this aspect, the cash waqfs played an important role in the society where the banking operationshave not yet develop to meet the demands of the needed commercial transactions and cash loansboth by individuals and society. Because of these reasons, they helped to villagers and small entrepreneurs who borrowed loans from users with high interest rates because of their tax burdensby providing low interest credit. In this context, by using waqfregisters between the years of 1696 and 1766 located in the collection of Judicial Records of Thessaloniki, we will try to map out the place and the role of the cash waqfs on the loan and credit transactions, and in the financial history of the city by analyzingthe data including founders of the waqfs, their capitals, borrowers, and interest rates in the first half of 18thcentury.
The cash waqfs, which emerged in the early periods of the Ottoman Empire, were very widespread inthe cities ofAnatolia and Rumeli in the 18thcentury, and wereusual credit institutions almost in all cities of the empire. In this aspect, the cash waqfs played an important role in the society where the banking operationshave not yet develop to meet the demands of the needed commercial transactions and cash loansboth by individuals and society. Because of these reasons, they helped to villagers and small entrepreneurs who borrowed loans from users with high interest rates because of their tax burdensby providing low interest credit. In this context, by using waqfregisters between the years of 1696 and 1766 located in the collection of Judicial Records of Thessaloniki, we will try to map out the place and the role of the cash waqfs on the loan and credit transactions, and in the financial history of the city by analyzingthe data including founders of the waqfs, their capitals, borrowers, and interest rates in the first half of 18thcentury.
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29
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1
