Toxicological assessment of low-dose bisphenol A, lead and endosulfan combination: chronic toxicity study in male rats
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
In the present study, toxic effects, both alone and combined, of bisphenol A (BPA), lead (Pb) and endosulfan (ES) in the low doses were investigated in rat liver and kidney functions. In the study, bisphenol A (BPA), lead (Pb) and endosulfan (ES) were chosen because although they are the chemicals people are most frequently exposed to, no combined toxic effect studies were conducted with these chemicals. Sixty-four male Wistar albino rats were used in the study, and they were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 8 per group); control, BPA (5 mg/kg), Pb (100 ppm), ES (0.61 mg/kg), BPA+Pb, BPA+ES, Pb+ES and BPA+P+ES. The rats were sacrificed after 65 days of treatment. Severe histopathological changes in the liver and kidney tissues were observed in the rats exposed to BPA+Pb+ES combination. Elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and decreased superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in the kidney tissue were detected in the BPA+Pb+ES group compared to those of the control group. It was found that serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREA) levels were higher in the BPA+Pb+ES combination group than the control group. Also, combined exposure of BPA, Pb and ES caused apoptotic cell numbers and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) to increase in the liver and kidney tissues. The results of the present study suggested that the BPA, Pb and ES caused more dramatic changes to both histological architecture and cell apoptosis in the liver and kidney tissues when there was a combined exposure. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Apoptosis, Bisphenol A, Endosulfan, Inducible nitric oxide synthase, Lead, Mixture toxicity, apoptosis, endosulfan, enzyme activity, lead, nitric oxide, serum, toxicity, toxicology, urea, 4,4' isopropylidenediphenol, benzhydryl derivative, endosulfan, lead, phenol derivative, animal, liver, male, metabolism, oxidative stress, rat, Wistar rat, Animals, Benzhydryl Compounds, Endosulfan, Lead, Liver, Male, Oxidative Stress, Phenols, Rats, Rats, Wistar
Kaynak
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
WoS Q Değeri
Q2
Scopus Q Değeri
Q1
Cilt
29
Sayı
7
