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Öğe A 5-year surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in a university hospital: A retrospective analysis(Sage Publications Inc, 2022) Erdem, İlknur; Yıldırım, İlker; Şafak, Birol; Karaali, Ritvan; Erdal, Berna; Ardıç, Enes; Arar, CavidanObjectives: Nosocomial infections or healthcare-associated infections are a significant public health problem around the world. This study aimed to assess the rate of laboratory-confirmed healthcare-associated infections, frequency of nosocomial pathogens, and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates in a University Hospital. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of healthcare-associated infections in a University Hospital, between the years 2015 and 2019 in Tekirdag, Turkey. Results: During the 5 years, the incidence densities of healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units and clinics were 10.31 and 1.70/1000 patient-days, respectively. The rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia, central line-associated bloodstream infections, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections in intensive care units were 11.57, 4.02, and 1.99 per 1000 device-days, respectively. The most common healthcare-associated infections according to the primary sites were bloodstream infections (55.3%) and pneumonia (20.4%). 67.5% of the isolated microorganisms as nosocomial agents were Gram-negative bacteria, 24.9% of Gram-positive bacteria, and 7.6% of Candida. The most frequently isolated causative agents were Escherichia coli (16.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (I 5.7%). The rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production among E. coli isolates was 51.1%. Carbapenem resistance was 29.8% among isolates of P. aeruginosa, 95.1 % among isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, and 18.2% among isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Colistin resistance was 2.4% among isolates of A. baumannii. Vancomycin resistance was 5.3% among isolates of Enterococci. Conclusion: Our study results demonstrate that healthcare-associated infections are predominantly originated by intensive care units. The microorganisms isolated from intensive care units are highly resistant to many antimicrobial agents. The rising incidence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms indicates that more interventions are urgently needed to reduce healthcare-associated infections in our intensive care units.Öğe A Novel Combined Index of D-Dimer, Fibrinogen, Albumin, and Platelet (FDAPR) as Mortality Predictor of COVID-19(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Çelikkol, Aliye; Doğan, Mustafa; Güzel, Eda Çelik; Erdal, Berna; Yılmaz, A.Background: In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARSCoV2 viruses, coagulation abnormalities are strongly correlated between disease severity and mortality risk. Aims: The aim was to search for new indices to determine mortality risk. Fibrinogen times D-dimer to albumin times platelet ratio calculated with the formula (FDAPR index: ((Fibrinogen x D-dimer)/(Albumin x Platelet)) investigated as a mortality marker in COVID-19 patients. The hospitalization data of 1124 patients were analyzed from the electronic archive system. Hemogram, coagulation, and inflammatory markers were investigated in the study group. Materials and Methods: All statistical analyses like the student t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox hazard ratio, were performed with the SPSS 22.0 program. Results: Prothrombin time was prolonged significantly in patients (P < 0.05) compared to healthy subjects (n = 30). D-dimer and fibrinogen were high, and albumin and platelet counts were low in COVID-19 patients (all, P < 0.001). When the data of 224 non-survivors and 900 survived patients were compared, D-dimer and fibrinogen were higher, and albumin and platelet lower (all, P < 0.001) compared to mild and severe patients. At the cut-off value of 0.49, the FDAPR index was performed with 89.1% sensitivity and 88.6% specificity. FDAPR index had the highest mortality predictive power (P < 0.01; HR = 5.366; 95% CI; 1.729-16.654). Conclusions: This study revealed that the FDAPR index could be used as a mortality marker of COVID-19 disease.Öğe A novel combined index of D-dimer, fibrinogen, albumin, and platelet (FDAPR) as mortality predictor of COVID-19(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Çelikkol, Aliye; Doğan, Mustafa; Güzel, Eda Çelik; Erdal, Berna; Yılmaz, A.Background: In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARSCoV2 viruses, coagulation abnormalities are strongly correlated between disease severity and mortality risk. Aims: The aim was to search for new indices to determine mortality risk. Fibrinogen times D-dimer to albumin times platelet ratio calculated with the formula (FDAPR index: ((Fibrinogen × D-dimer)/(Albumin × Platelet)) investigated as a mortality marker in COVID-19 patients. The hospitalization data of 1124 patients were analyzed from the electronic archive system. Hemogram, coagulation, and inflammatory markers were investigated in the study group. Materials and Methods: All statistical analyses like the student t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox hazard ratio, were performed with the SPSS 22.0 program. Results: Prothrombin time was prolonged significantly in patients (P < 0.05) compared to healthy subjects (n = 30). D-dimer and fibrinogen were high, and albumin and platelet counts were low in COVID-19 patients (all, P < 0.001). When the data of 224 non-survivors and 900 survived patients were compared, D-dimer and fibrinogen were higher, and albumin and platelet lower (all, P < 0.001) compared to mild and severe patients. At the cut-off value of 0.49, the FDAPR index was performed with 89.1% sensitivity and 88.6% specificity. FDAPR index had the highest mortality predictive power (P < 0.01; HR = 5.366; 95% CI; 1.729-16.654). Conclusions: This study revealed that the FDAPR index could be used as a mortality marker of COVID-19 disease. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.Öğe Anti-cancer activities of curcumin and propolis extracts on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line model(2020) Yılmaz, Bahar; Erdal, BernaIt is evident that chemotherapy, which is one of the most preferred methods in cancer treatment, have several disadvantages and decrease the success rate of treatment. Therefore, identification and development of natural anti-cancer agents with less toxicity and side effects has recently become one of the areas of interest. In the present study, we reveal the potential anticancer activities of propolis and curcumin extracts and cisplatin on the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Individual and combinatorial treatments of propolis and curcumin was performed. MTT cell viability assay was used to determine the anti-proliferative activities of extracts, and Annexin V/PI double staining flow cytometric method was used to determine induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells. In our study,the most significant reduction in MCF-7 cell viability was found to be 100 ?g/ml for cisplatin, 5 ?g/ml for curcumin and 160 ?g/ml for propolis. Apoptotic cell ratios were also found to be consistent with MTT findings. The highest proportion of apoptotic cells in the combinatorial study was found to be in the presence of cisplatin + propolis. In conclusion, here we show that combinatorial cisplatin + propolis treatments have significant anti-cancer activities on MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro. Studies involving natural products might be a new hope for complementary and alternative medicine by paving the way for clinical studies.Öğe Antibacterial and Washing Resistance Improvement of Cotton Fabric Using Some Metal Oxides(Ege Univ, 2021) Koruyucu, Aslıhan; Erdal, Berna; Kurc, Mine Aydin; Gülen, DumrulCu2O, CuO, ZnO-microparticles with different size and morphology directly influences their antimicrobial potential. In this study, the possible improvement of the antibacterial and washing resistance up to 20 washing cycles performance of 100% cotton fabrics were investigated. At high temperatures, carboxylic acids form ester-type crosslinking with cellulose molecules and provide antibacterial activity. For this purpose, carboxylic acids such as BTCA and CA were used in this study.The purpose of this research was to evaluate 1,2,3,4-butantetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and citric acid monohydrate (CA) as an crosslinking agent for washing resistance of 100% cotton textile substrates against, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), Bacillus subtilis (NRRL NRS -744), Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 70063). Cupper oxide and zinc oxide were assimilated in the coating bath for the antibacterial property. BTCA concentration in the solutions influenced the antibacterial and washing properties of the cotton fabrics. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red -Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectra showed a new summit that confirmed the ester linkage formation and crosslinking reaction for application.Öğe Application of ultrasound to the organic cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) vinegar: Changes in antibacterial, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and anticancer activities(Wiley, 2022) Erdal, Berna; Akalın, Ramadan Bilgin; Yılmaz, Bahar; Bozgeyik, Esra; Yıkmış, SeydiIn this study, to determine their alternative/complementary properties, organic cornelian cherry vinegar samples prepared by traditional (CCV), thermal pasteurization (P-CCV), and ultrasound (UT-CCV) methods were tested for antibacterial, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and anticancer activities. As a result of response surface methodology optimization, the bioactive compounds were increased. With ultrasound treatment, the total phenolic content increased by 4.6%. The antibacterial activity was detected in all samples, while the lowest MIC values (28.4 mu l/ml) in the presence of UT-CCV were found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, apoptosis was induced in HT-29 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with the CCV, P-CCV, and UT-CCV samples compared to the control group. It was determined that UT-CCV has antidiabetic and antihypertensive effects. Therefore, our study encourages further clinical research on the alternative/complementary property of cornelian cherry vinegar in the treatment of various health manifestations including infections, cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. Novelty Impact Statement Bioactive components of organic cornelian cherry vinegar increased with ultrasound treatment. Organic cornelian cherry vinegar stimulates apoptosis in cancer cells. Vinegar samples prepared by the UT-CCV method show better antibacterial activity compared to CCV and P-CCV samples.Öğe Candida albicans ve Candida parapsilosis Kompleks İzolatlarının Biyofilm Üretimi Üzerine Farnesol Etkisinin Araştırılması(2024) Erdal, Berna; Baylan, Bensu; Batar, Bahadır; Öztürk, Ali; Topçu, BirolCandida türlerinin neden olduğu enfeksiyonların insidansı son otuz yılda önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Kandidozda birinci sırada Candida albicans izole edilirken, Candida parapsilosis gibi non-albicans Candida türleri de sıklıkla patojen olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Candida enfeksiyonlarının patogenezinde etkili mekanizmalardan biri olan biyofilm oluşumu nedeniyle tedaviye dirençli enfeksiyonlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çoğunluğu algılama [quorum sensing (QS)] sistemi molekülü olan farnesolün Candida türlerinin biyofilm yapımı üzerine etki mekanizmaları halen belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Bu çalışmada, C.albicans ve C.parapsilosis kompleks izolatlarının farnesol varlığında biyofilm biyokütlesindeki değişiklikler ile QS moleküllerinin sentezinde görev aldığı düşünülen EFG1 ve BCR1 genlerinin kantitatif ters transkriptaz polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu [quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)] ile gösterilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya farklı klinik örneklerden izole edilen C.albicans (n= 91) ve C.parapsilosis kompleks (n= 29) izolatları dahil edilmiştir. Farnesolün minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) değerleri Klinik ve Laboratuvar Standartları Enstitüsü [Clinical Laboratory Standards Institution (CLSI)] M27-A3 kılavuzu kullanılarak sıvı mikrodilüsyon yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. İzolatların farnesolsüz, farnesolün MİK-0 ve MİK-2 konsantrasyonlarındaki biyofilm biyokütleleri incelenmiştir. Biyofilm ile ilişkili EFG1 ve BCR1 genlerinin ifadelerindeki değişiklikler qRT-PCR ile araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, C.albicans izolatlarının %82.4 (n= 75)’ünde farnesol MİK değerleri 1-2 mM aralığındaki konsantrasyonlarda saptanırken, C.parapsilosis kompleks izolatlarının %72.4 (n= 21)’ünde 0.5-1 mM aralığında bulunmuştur. C.albicans izolatlarının %29.7 (n= 27)’si kuvvetli biyofilm, %63.7 (n= 58)’si zayıf biyofilm oluştururken, C.parapsilosis kompleks izolatları için bu oranların sırasıyla %34.4 (n= 10) ve %62.1 (n= 18) olduğu bulunmuştur. Kuvvetli biyofilm oluşturan C.albicans (n= 24, %88.9) ve C.parapsilosis kompleks (n= 8, %80.0) izolatlarında farnesolün MİK-0 ve MİK-2 konsantrasyonlarının biyofilm biyokütlesini azalttığı, zayıf biyofilm oluşturan C.albicans (n= 35, %60.3) ve C.parapsilosis kompleks (n= 10, %55.6) izolatlarında ise arttırdığı gözlenmiştir. Biyofilm deneyi sonuçlarını destekleyen qRT-PCR çalışması sonucunda; kuvvetli biyofilm yapan C.albicans ve C.parapsilosis kompleks izolatlarında farnesolün MİK-0 ve MİK-2 konsantrasyonlarında EFG1 ve BCR1 gen ifadelerinde azalış olduğu ancak zayıf biyofilm yapan izolatlarda gen ifadelerinde artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma farnesolün Candida türleri üzerine antifungal etkisine ek olarak farnesolün MİK-0 ve MİK-2 konsantrasyonlarının Candida biyofilm biyokütlesine karşı etkinliğine ait veriler sunmaktadır. Sonuçlar, farnesolün Candida enfeksiyonlarında biyofilm oluşumunu azaltmak için alternatif bir ajan olarak kullanılabileceğini düşündürse de yapılacak başka çalışmalar ile bu sonuçların desteklenmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışma farnesol varlığında C.parapsilosis kompleks izolatlarının EFG1 ve BCR1 gen ifadelerini belirlemek adına yapılan ilk çalışma olması açısından önemlidir.Öğe Coronavirüs Hastalığı 2019 (Covid 19) Döneminde Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Uyku Kalitesi ve İnsomni Şiddeti(2020) İlhan Alp, Selen; Deveci, Meral; Akalın, Ramadan Bilgin; Terzi, Demet; Erdal, BernaAmaç: Koronavirüs pandemisi (COVİD-19) sürecinde üniversite öğrencilerinin uyku kalitesi ve insomnia şiddeti ve bunları etkileyen etmenlerin belirlenmesidir.Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmamız 15 Mart- 31 Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında üniversitemiz Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu öğrencilerine Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PUKİ), Uykusuzluk Şiddet İndeksi (UŞİ) ve Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (ASÖ) kullanılarak eposta aracılığıyla yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmaya 446 (414 K, 32 E) öğrenci katılmıştır. Katılımcıların uykuya dalma süresi ortalaması 26,19±22 dakika, uyku süreleri ortalaması ise 7,98±2,10 saattir. PUKİ toplam puan ortalaması 15,69±2,96’dir. ASÖ puan ortalaması 30,94±8,46 olarak tespit edilmiştir. UŞİ puan ortalaması 10,87±5,35’tir ve düzeyi alt eşiğin üzerindedir. Sokağa çıkma yasağı olan grubun olmayan gruba göre daha düşük uykusuzluk şiddetine sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Alkol kullanımına göre uyku kalitesi ve algılanan stres farklılık göstermekte, uykusuzluk şiddeti ise farklılık göstermemektedir. Günde 2 fincandan fazla kahve tüketenlerin en kötü uyku kalitesine ve en yüksek uykusuzlukşiddetine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hiç egzersiz yapmayan katılımcılar ve sosyal medyada günde 3 saat ve üzeri zaman geçiren katılımcıların en yüksek algılanan stres düzeyine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Sonuç: COVİD-19 pandemisi sırasında evde kalma şeklinde uygulanan tedbirlerin uyku sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkisi olduğu görülmektedir.Öğe COVID-19 HASTALARINDA SEKONDER ENFEKSİYONLAR VE LİTERATÜRÜN GÖZDEN GEÇİRİLMESİ: ÜNİVERSİTE HASTANESİNDE YAPILAN RETROSPEKTİF BİR ÇALIŞMA(2022) Erdal, Berna; Altıntaş, Nejat; Kiraz, Nuri; Keskin, BeyzaSekonder enfeksiyonlar, COVID-19 ile hastaneye yatırılan hastalarda yüksek mortaliteye yol açan başlıca komplikasyonlar arasındadır. Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 hastalarında gelişen sekonder enfeksiyonların prevalansı, risk faktörleri, etiyolojik ajanları ve antimikrobiyal direnç paternlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya 48 saat hastanede yattıktan sonra sekonder bakteriyel ve fungal enfeksiyon gelişen, COVID-19 PCR testi pozitif olan hastalar dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların klinik örneklerinden elde edilen bakteri ve mantar kültürlerinin sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonunda hastanede yatan 267 hastanın %16.1'inde (n=43) sekonder enfeksiyon geliştiği belirlenmiştir. Sekonder enfeksiyonlar erkeklerde (n=28, %65.1) kadınlara (n=15, %34.9) göre daha fazla saptanmıştır (p=0.024). Sekonder enfeksiyonu olan hastaların medyan yaşı (65.0 yıl) daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sekonder enfeksiyonlu 43 hastanın %93'ünde (n=40) komorbidite saptanmıştır. Sekonder enfeksiyon gelişen hastaların 29'unun (%67.4) yoğun bakım ünitelerinde, 14'ünün (%32.6) servislerde tedavi gördüğü belirlenmiştir (p<0.001). Sekonder enfeksiyonların hastanede kalış süresini uzattığı (ortalama 25.5 gün) ve mortaliteyi artırdığı (n=16, %37.2) bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Etken ajan olarak tanımlanan ilk üç mikroorganizma, metisiline dirençli koagülaz negatif stafilokoklar (n=21, %16.3), Acinetobacter baumannii (n=19, %14.7) ve Candida albicans’tır (n=14, %10.9). Acinetobacter baumannii izolatlarının karbapenem direnç oranları %94.7 saptanmıştır. Koagülaz negatif stafilokokların %100'ünde metisilin direnci bulunurken vankomisin, teikoplanin ve linezolid direnci saptanmamıştır. C. albicans (%10.9) izolatlarında test edilen antifungal ajanlara karşı direnç bulunmamıştır. Sekonder enfeksiyonlar arasında özellikle pnömoni (n=25, %36.3), kan dolaşımı enfeksiyonları (n=19, %27.6) ve idrar yolu (n=18, %26.1) enfeksiyonları ilk sırada yer almıştır. COVID-19 ile ilişkili olarak gelişen sekonder enfeksiyonların ve risk faktörlerinin saptanması, etken mikroorganizmaların tanımlanması ve antimikrobiyal direnç paternlerinin belirlenmesi hastalığın prognozu, enfeksiyon kontrolü ve antimikrobiyal yönetimi açısından oldukça önemlidir.Öğe COVID-19 Salgınının Sağlık Alanındaki Öğrencilerin Eğitimine Etkisi: Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu Örneği(2020) Terzi, Demet; Akalın, Ramadan Bilgin; Erdal, BernaAmaç: Bu çalışmada Aralık 2019’dan beri tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan koronavirüs salgını sonrası geçilen uzaktan eğitim sisteminin avantajları ve dezavantajlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Materyal ve Metot: Özellikle uygulamalı eğitimin önemli bir yer tuttuğu Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu’nda öğrenim gören 308 ön lisans öğrencisi tarafından cevaplandırılan anket çalışması faktör analizi ile incelenmiştir. Genel bilgiler ile faktörler arası farklılıklar non-parametrik testler ile, faktörler arası ilişkiler ise korelasyon analizi ile araştırılmıştır.Bulgular: Katılım gösteren öğrencilerin %84,4’ü (n:260) kadın, %15,6’sı (n: 48) erkekti. Uygulanan anketin güvenilirliğini ölçmek amacıyla hesaplanan Cronbach alpha katsayısı 0,894, Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin ölçütü 0,906 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan analizler neticesinde bölüm değişkeni ile uzaktan eğitim algıları (p=0,02) arasında, cinsiyet değişkeni ile ders takibi arasında (p=0,039) anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür. Yaş grupları (p=0,401), sınıf düzeyi (p=0,074) ve cinsiyet (p=0,847) ile uzaktan eğitim algısı arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunamamıştır. Uzaktan eğitimde sistem ve alt yapı faktörü ile uzaktan eğitim algısı arasında ise orta düzeyde pozitifyönlü anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur (r=0,516, p<0,01).Sonuç: Öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim memnuniyetlerini etkileyen faktörler değişmekle beraber genel memnuniyet oranı yüksek bulunmuştur fakat uygulamalı eğitim verimliliği açısından öğrenciler yüz yüze eğitimi tercih etmektedirler.Öğe Curcumin-meropenem synergy in carbapenem resistant klebsiella pneumoniae curcumin-meropenem synergy(Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2021) Gülen, Dumrul; Şafak, Birol; Erdal, Berna; Günaydın, BurakBackground and Objectives: The frequency of multiple resistant bacterial infections, including carbapenems, is increasing worldwide. As the decrease in treatment options causes difficulties in treatment, interest in new antimicrobials is increasing. One of the promising natural ingredients is curcumin. It is known to be effective in bacteria such as Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa, Escherichia coli, Burkholderia pseudomallei through efflux pump inhibition, toxin inhibition and enzymes. However, because its bioavailability is poor, it seffectiveness occurs in combination with antibiotics. In the study, the interaction of meropenem and curcumin in carbapenemase producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae was tested. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, resistant to meropenem, were used in this study. From those 15 MBL, 6 KPC, 17 OXA-48 and 1 AmpC resistance pattern were detected by combination disk method. Meropenem and Curcumin MIC values were determined by liquid microdilution. Checkerboard liquid microdilution was used to determine the synergy between meropenem and curcumin. Results: Synergistic effects were observed in 4 isolates producing MBL, 3 isolates producing KPC, 4 isolates producing OXA-48, and 1 isolates producing AmpC (totally 12 isolates) according to the calculated FICI. No antagonistic effects were observed in any isolates. Conclusion: Curcumin was thought to be an alternative antimicrobial in combination therapies that would positively con-tribute to the treatment of bacterial infection. The effectiveness of this combination should be confirmed by other in vitro and clinical studies. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Öğe Dermatolojik Hastalıklarda Demodex spp. Prevalansının Araştırılması(2022) Albayrak, Hülya; Erdal, BernaAmaç: Sağlıklı bireylerin mikrobiyotasında bulunan Demodex akarlarının sayısal artışına bağlı olarak bazı dermatolojik hastalıkların ortaya çıktığı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, akne vulgaris, rosacea, perioral dermatit, seboreik dermatit, egzama ve pityriasis folliculorum tanılı hastalarda Demodex spp. prevalansının ve bu hastalara ait demografik ve klinik verilerin Demodex ile ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 144 hasta (70 akne vulgaris, 6 pityriasis folliculorum, 15 seboreik dermatit, 39 rosacea, 8 egzema ve 6 perioral dermatit) ve 73 sağlıklı gönüllü dahil edilmiştir. Demodex pozitifliği, tüm gruplarda standart yüzeyel deri biyopsi yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Tanıda cm2’de beşten fazla Demodex akarı görülmesi pozitif kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 144 hastanın 107’si (%74,3) kadın, 37’si (%25,7) erkek, 73 sağlıklı gönüllünün 40’ı (%54,8) kadın, 33’ü (%45,2) erkektir. Yüz kırk dört hastanın 21’inde (%14,5), 73 sağlıklı gönüllünün ise 5’inde (%6,8) Demodex pozitifliği saptanmıştır. Rosecea ve akne vulgaris gruplarındaki Demodex pozitiflik oranlarının kontrol grubuna göre yüksek olduğu, ancak bu yüksekliğin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir (p>0,05). Hasta grupları içerisinde en yüksek pozitiflik oranının sırasıyla pityriasis folliculorum (4/6, %66,7), rosacea (8/39, %20,5) ve perioral dermatit (1/6, %16,7) gruplarında olduğu saptanmıştır. Grupların demografik ve klinik özellikleri ile Demodex pozitifliği arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç: Bu çalışma, altı farklı dermatolojik hastalığın varlığında Demodex pozitifliğini araştıran literatürdeki tek çalışmadır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre; rosacea, akne vulgaris ve pityriasis folliculorum gibi dermatolojik hastalıklarda Demodex spp. pozitifliğinin araştırılmasının erken tanı ve tedavi açısından yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.Öğe Development of Ultrasound-Processed Poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) Sherbet Enriched with Bee Bread Using Response Surface Methodology: Changes in Shelf Life(Amer Chemical Soc, 2024) Yikmis, Seydi; Demirok, Nazan Tokatli; Aksoy, Aksem; Altunatmaz, Sema Sandikci; Aksu, Filiz; Aadil, Rana Muhammad; Erdal, BernaThis research aimed to investigate the effects of ultrasound treatment on the quality characteristics of optimized functional bee bread-enriched poppy sherbet. Antioxidant activity capacity, antimicrobial activity, phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, organic acid and sugar composition, and sensory properties were performed under storage conditions. The present research was the first to express the effect of ultrasound on the bioactive components in a functional poppy sherbet enriched with bread, using the response surface methodology (RSM) optimization. The maximum optimization, radical scavenging activity (DPPH), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and general acceptability values were determined. When comparing the 0th- and 21st-day samples of bee bread-fortified functional poppy sherbets, it was observed that the TPC was decreased (p < 0.05). It was also noted that there was no significant decrease in the total flavonoids on day 21. In storage, a decrease in anthocyanin content was observed. Among phenolic compounds, gallic acid had the highest content. While citric acid was found in the highest amount of organic acid, sucrose (6.25 g/L) was found in the highest amount of sugar components 0th day, while MIC values against Micrococcus luteus were lower. The data from this study will be important input for future work.Öğe Düzenleyici B Hücreleri ve Kanserdeki Rolü(2020) Erdal, Berna; Yılmaz, BaharHümoral immün yanıt elemanı olan B hücreleri antikor üretiminden sorumlu hücrelerdir. Progenitör B hücreleri, kemik iliğinde olgunlaşırlar. B hücrelerinin yüzeyindeantijen reseptörleri, immünglobulin reseptörleri, adhezyon molekülleri ve Major Doku Uygunluk Kompleksi (MHC) molekülleri bulunur. Bu hücrelerin antijene bağlanmayeteneğinin gelişmesi sekonder lenfoid organlarda lenf foliküllerinin kendine özgü mikroçevresinde, T hücrelerine bağımlı olarak gerçekleşmektedir. Antijenik biruyarım sonucunda aktive olan B hücreleri plazma hücrelerine ve sonrasında bellek B hücrelerine farklılaşırlar. Düzenleyici B (Breg) hücreleri, immünolojik toleransıdestekleyen B hücrelerinin alt grubu olan immünsüpresif hücrelerdir. İnterlökin-10 (IL-10), IL-35 ve transforme edici büyüme faktörü beta (TGF-?) üreten Breg hücreleri,T hücrelerinin ve diğer pro-inflamatuar lenfositlerin ifadesini engelleyerek otoimmün patolojiyi baskılamaktadır. Son çalışmalar, farklı inflamatuar ortamların farklı Breghücre popülasyonlarını uyardığını göstermiştir. Hem insanlarda hem de hayvanlarda inflamasyon, transplantasyon, otoimmünite ve kanser modellerinde çeşitli Bregalt grupları tanımlanmıştır. Breg'lerin tümör oluşumunu baskıladığı ve terapötik amaçla kullanılabileceği yapılan farklı çalışmalar ile gösterilmiştir. Bu derlemede, Breghücrelerinin işlevlerine ve kanserdeki rollerine genel bir bakış sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.Öğe Effect of thermosonication and thermal treatments on antidiabetic, antihypertensive, mineral elements and in vitro bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds in freshly squeezed pomegranate juice(Springer, 2022) Yıkmış, Seydi; Özer, Hayrettin; Levent, Okan; Çöl, Başak Gökçe; Erdal, BernaPomegranate fruit and its products have been recognized as 'miracle fruit' due to their nutritional content, organoleptic properties and health benefits. There is no detailed study about the optimization of thermosonication (TS) conditions for the popular drink, freshly squeezed pomegranate juice. Bioactive components in freshly squeezed pomegranate juice treated with thermosonication were increased using the response surface method (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). ANN had higher correlation than RSM and as a result of optimization, thermosonication treatment conditions of 49.50 degrees C, 10.5 min and 72.50% amplitude were determined.Thermosonication-treated pomegranate juice (TS-PJ) had higher antidiabetic and antihypertensive effects than thermal pasteurized pomegranate juice (P-PJ). TS did not affect physicochemical parameters (p > 0.05). Both treatments reduced the microbial load after treatment and TS-PJ was superior in terms of sensory attributes. As a result of thermosonication treatment, increases in Ca, Fe and Na elements were detected. For in vitro simulated gastrointestinal medium TS-PJ better preserved the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. The results obtained may be useful for the industrial production of thermosonication-treated pomegranate juice. [GRAPHICS] .Öğe Effects of Non-Thermal Treatment on Gilaburu Vinegar (Viburnum opulus L.): Polyphenols, Amino Acid, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Properties(MDPI, 2022) Erdal, Berna; Yıkmış, Seydi; Demirok, Nazan Tokatlı; Bozgeyik, Esra; Levent, OkanSimple Summary In this study, traditionally produced vinegar made from gilaburu (C-GV) and thermally pasteurized gilaburu vinegar (P-GV), and (ultrasound-treated gilaburu vinegar (UT-GV) were evaluated. At the same time, ultrasound treatment enriched 11 phenolic compounds (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, ferulic acid, o-coumaric acid, neohesperidin, quercetin, trans-cinnamic). Ultrasound showed different effects on free amino acids and volatile profiles. In general, ultrasound showed more positive results than thermal pasteurization. Six important minerals (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn) were detected in gilaburu vinegar, and ultrasound treatment increased the Fe content. Gilaburu vinegar, prepared by different methods, had potential antibacterial and anti-cancer activity. Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) is an important fruit that has been studied in recent years due to its phytochemicals and health benefits. In this study, traditionally produced vinegar made from gilaburu fruit (C-GV) was evaluated. Vinegar with higher levels of bioactive components optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) was also produced using ultrasound (UT-GV). The maximum optimization result for the bioactive components was achieved at 14 min and 61.2 amplitude. The effectiveness of thermal pasteurization (P-GV) on gilaburu vinegar was evaluated. An increase was detected for every organic acid with ultrasound treatment. In the UT-GV and C-GV samples, arabinose was present, which is useful for stimulating the immune system. Gilaburu vinegar samples contained 29-31 volatile compounds. The smallest amount of volatile compounds was found in P-GV (1280.9 mu g/kg), and the largest amounts of volatile compounds were found in C-GV (1566.9 mu g/kg) and UT-GV (1244.10 mu g/kg). In the UT-GV sample, Fe was increased, but Ca, K, Mg, and Mn were decreased. A total of 15 polyphenols were detected in C-GV, P-GV, and UT-GV samples, and gallic acid was the most common. A total of 17 free amino acids were detected in gilaburu vinegar samples. Ultrasound provided enrichment in total phenolic compounds and total free amino acids. All three vinegar samples had good antimicrobial activity against pathogens. The efficacy of C-GV, P-GV, and UT-GV samples against colon and stomach cancer was determined, but there were no significant differences between them. As a result, ultrasound treatment is notable due to its antimicrobial and anticancer activity, especially for the enrichment of phenolic compounds and amino acids in gilaburu vinegar.Öğe Evaluation of purple onion waste from the perspective of sustainability in gastronomy: Ultrasound-treated vinegar(Elsevier, 2022) Yıkmış, Seydi; Erdal, Berna; Bozgeyik, Esra; Levent, Okan; Yinanç, AbdullahSustainable gastronomy is an important concept that improves the health and nutritional quality of society by supporting the preparation, production, and consumption of foods with environmental awareness. Purple onion (Allium cepa) is a plant with rich bioactive properties, which is well known for its use in the field of gastronomy. In this study, for sustainable gastronomy, vinegar production was carried out using the traditional method and different methods using purple onion waste collected from restaurant businesses. At the same time, ultrasound technology was used to improve the nutritional properties of the vinegar, and some properties were compared with thermally pasteurized and untreated vinegar. The bioactive components of purple onion vinegar were enriched by ultrasound using response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum optimization result for the bioactive components was achieved at 58.2 amplitude and 6.4 min. The antihypertensive and antidiabetic effects of ultrasound-treated purple onion vinegar (UT-POV) were enhanced. The most commonly detected polyphenols, such as gallic acid, catechin, protocatechuic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid, increased with ultrasound treatment. K and Zn minerals were enriched in the UT-POV sample. UT-POV has less effect on volatile compounds than thermally pasteurized purple onion vinegar (P-POV). Our results show that UT-POV significantly impairs the proliferation of HGC-27 cells. Purple onion vinegar has strong anticancer and antimicrobial effects. Purple onion vinegar treated with ultrasound was evaluated positively for sustainable gastronomy.Öğe Immunogenicity after CoronaVac vaccination(Associacao Medica Brasileira, 2021) Güzel, Eda Çelik; Çelikkol, Aliye; Erdal, Berna; Sedef, N.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the seropositivity of CoronaVac-SinoVac vaccination in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) risk factors and comorbidities. METHODS: Immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody responses were examined on the 21st day after the second dose of CoronaVac-SinoVac 6 ?g vaccine on the 28th day. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were measured by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in vaccinated health care workers (n=134) (Group I), vaccinated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (+) who had coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) disease (n=21) (Group II), and unvaccinated PCR (+) (n=28) (Group III) participants. Subgroups were formed in Group I according to the presence of COVID-19 risk factors and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and asthma/allergy) and demographic data. RESULTS: Seropositivity rates were 95.5, 100, and 89.3% for Groups I, II, and III, respectively. IgG antibody levels were found significantly higher in the group between the ages of 20–30 in group I compared to those aged 31–50 and over 50 (both p<0.01). It was found significantly higher in normal-weight individuals than in the overweight and obese group (both p<0.01). IgG antibody levels were found significantly lower in people with cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus compared with those who did not (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). There was a negative correlation between IgG antibody response values and body mass index and age in Group I (r= -0.336, p<0.001 and r= -0.307, p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: IgG antibody values decrease with age and with increasing body mass index. The presence of comorbidities (i.e., diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease) decreased COVID-19 IgG antibody values. © 2021 Associacao Medica Brasileira. All rights reserved.Öğe In-vitro anticandidial efficacy of tick egg wax from Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa and Dermacentor marginatus(2020) Bilgin, Nazli; Hacıoğlu, Mayram; Bozkurt Güzel, Çağla; Erdal, Berna; Kar, SırrıObjective: In the previous studies, the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral efficacy of the tick egg wax-coating of certain tick species wereexamined and some significant results were obtained. However, related researches and studied tick species are limited. There are hundredsof tick species, and it is well known that the antimicrobial efficacy of the wax is closely related to the species. The aim of this study was toinvestigate the in-vitro anticandidial efficacy of the egg waxes belonging to three tick species, which have not been studied before and havequite different biological and ecological differences.Methods: In the study, the egg waxes of the tick species, Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa, and Dermacentor marginatus, wereused on Candida albicans ATCC10231, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, and Candida tropicalis ATCC 750. Antimycotic susceptibility test wascarried out in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations using the M27-A3 microdilution method.Results: It was determined that the wax of Rhipicephalus bursa has inhibitory effect on Candida tropicalis ATCC 750 in a particular concentration,and no significant effects were observed in other trials.Conclusion: Anticandidial effect obtained from the egg wax of R. bursa can be associated with some distinctive biological characteristics, and itwas concluded that the detailed studies with different tick species might yield significant results for the discovery of new generation antifungals.Öğe Investigation of Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin and Synergistic Effect with Gentamicin Sulfate(Galenos Publ House, 2024) Baylan, Bensu; Erdal, BernaAim: In this study; it was aimed to examine the antibacterial activities and synergistic effects of curcumin, a phytotherapeutic agent, and gentamicin sulfate on bacteria. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial activity of different concentrations of curcumin and gentamicin sulfate on Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 3851, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and tested by disc diffusion methods. The synergistic effects of combinations of curcumin and gentamicin sulfate were examined by checkerboard test. Results: It was found that antibacterial activity was seen in all bacteria and the lowest MIC was 7.81 mu g/mL in E. faecalis for curcumin and 0.08 mu g/mL in K. pneumoniae for gentamicin sulfate. As a result of the disk diffusion test, inhibition zone diameters were detected at concentrations of 32 and 16 mg/mL in all bacteria tested. As a result of the checkerboard test, an additive effect was observed in four of the bacteria (P. vulgaris, B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus) and a indifferent effect was observed in three of them (P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis). The finding of the lowest fractional inhibitor concentration index (FICI=0.75) in B. cereus, one of the gram -positive bacteria, was interpreted as the combination of curcumin and gentamicin sulfate having a partial synergistic effect. Conclusion: This study is the first to evaluate the synergistic effect of curcumin and gentamicin sulfate. Antibacterial activity results suggest that curcumin can be used as an alternative agent in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, in order to clearly determine the effect of both the antibacterial activity of curcumin and its synergy with gentamicin sulfate during the treatment process, these results need to be supported by large-scale in vitro and in vivo studies that will include clinical isolates.
