Nanoteknoloji ürünü dendrimerler kullanılarak pamuk liflerinin reaktif boyar maddelerle boyanabilirliğinin geliştirilmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2013
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Pamuk liflerinin reaktif boyarmaddelerle çektirme yöntemine göre boyanmasında reaktif boyaların düşük olan substantiflikleri nedeniyle affiniteyi arttırmak için yüksek miktarlarda tuz kullanılmaktadır. Birçok araştırmacı tekstil boyama atık sularındaki tuzun gelecekte önemli problemlere yol açabileceğine dikkat çekmiş olup, pamuğun reaktif boyarmaddelerle verim kaybına yol açmadan az tuzla veya tuzsuz olarak boyanabilmesini sağlayacak bir proses geliştirilmesi büyük öneme sahiptir. Reaktif boyarmaddeler anyonik olduğu için pamuğun bu boyalara karşı substantivitesini geliştirmenin yolu bu liflerin katyonikleştirilmesidir. Pamuğun katyonikleştirilmesi konusunda son yıllardaki yenilik nanoteknoloji ürünü olan dendrimerlerin kullanılmasıdır. Bu tez çalışmasında pamuk liflerine boyama öncesi dendrimerlerle işlem yapılarak pamuk liflerinin yapısına yeni fonksiyonel grupların eklenmesi suretiyle bu liflerin reaktif boyarmaddelerle verim kaybına yol açmadan tuz kullanılmadan boyanabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Pamuklu kumaşların reaktif boyarmaddelerle tuz kullanılmadan boyanmasını sağlamak üzere amin uç grubuna sahip dendrimerlerin kullanılabileceği, hidroksil uç grubuna sahip dendrimerlerin ise bu hususta işe yaramayacağı saptanmıştır. Amin uç grubuna sahip dendrimerler için optimum aplikasyon koşulları ise pH 5,5, 80°C, 10 dakika ve %0,8 olarak bulunmuştur. Ancak trikromi boyama sonuçlarına dayanarak, optimum konsantrasyonun boyarmadde türüne bağlı olarak farklılık göstereceği söylenebilir. Bu nedenle, dendrimerle işlem yapılarak pamuklu kumaşların tuz kullanılmadan boyanması isteniyorsa ya en düşük dendrimer konsantrasyonu gerektirene (Remazol Blue RR) göre ön işlem yapıldıktan sonra reçetedeki sarı ve kırmızı oranları arttırılarak ya da koşullar en yüksek dendrimer konsantrasyonu gerektirene (Remazol Red RR) göre ayarlanıp sarı ve özellikle de mavi boyarmaddenin miktarları düşülerek boyama yapılması gerektiği söylenebilir.
While dyeing cotton fiber with exhaustion method, due to low substantivity of reactive dyes, high amount of salt is used in order to increase the affinity. Many researchers point out that salts in dyeing effluent may expose many important problems in the future, so developing a process that enables low-salt or salt-free dyeing of cotton fibers with reactive dyes without causing any decrease in color yield has an immense importance. Because of the anionic character of reactive dyes, only choice to increase substantivity of cotton fiber versus reactive dyes is cationization of the fiber. In recent years innovation in cationizing of cotton fiber is the use of nanotechnology based dendrimers. In this thesis, by means of adding new functional groups to cotton by pretreatment of cotton fibers with dendrimers, the possibility of salt-free dyeing of cotton fibers with reactive dyes without causing any decrease in color yield was investigated. It was determined that while amine terminated dendrimers are effective in salt-free dyeing of cotton fibers with reactive dyes, hydroxyl terminated dendrimers cannot be used for that purpose. . Optimum pretreatment conditions for amine terminated dendrimers was found to be pH 5.5, 80°C, 10 minutes and 0,8%. However, with regard to trichromy dyeing results, it can be said that optimum concentrations can differ depending on dye type. For this reason if salt free dyeing of cotton fabrics is wanted to be achieved, it can be said that it is necessary to carry out the dyeing either by increasing red and yellow dye percentages in the recipe after pre-treatment carried out according to the dye requiring the lowest dendrimer concentration (Remazol Blue RR) or by decreasing yellow and especially blue dye percentages in the recipe after pre-treatment carried out according to the dye requiring the highest dendrimer concentration (Remazol Red RR).
While dyeing cotton fiber with exhaustion method, due to low substantivity of reactive dyes, high amount of salt is used in order to increase the affinity. Many researchers point out that salts in dyeing effluent may expose many important problems in the future, so developing a process that enables low-salt or salt-free dyeing of cotton fibers with reactive dyes without causing any decrease in color yield has an immense importance. Because of the anionic character of reactive dyes, only choice to increase substantivity of cotton fiber versus reactive dyes is cationization of the fiber. In recent years innovation in cationizing of cotton fiber is the use of nanotechnology based dendrimers. In this thesis, by means of adding new functional groups to cotton by pretreatment of cotton fibers with dendrimers, the possibility of salt-free dyeing of cotton fibers with reactive dyes without causing any decrease in color yield was investigated. It was determined that while amine terminated dendrimers are effective in salt-free dyeing of cotton fibers with reactive dyes, hydroxyl terminated dendrimers cannot be used for that purpose. . Optimum pretreatment conditions for amine terminated dendrimers was found to be pH 5.5, 80°C, 10 minutes and 0,8%. However, with regard to trichromy dyeing results, it can be said that optimum concentrations can differ depending on dye type. For this reason if salt free dyeing of cotton fabrics is wanted to be achieved, it can be said that it is necessary to carry out the dyeing either by increasing red and yellow dye percentages in the recipe after pre-treatment carried out according to the dye requiring the lowest dendrimer concentration (Remazol Blue RR) or by decreasing yellow and especially blue dye percentages in the recipe after pre-treatment carried out according to the dye requiring the highest dendrimer concentration (Remazol Red RR).
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Dendrimer, Pamuk, Reaktif, Boyarmadde, Dendrimer, Cotton, Reactive, Dye
