Ayçiçeği küspesinin katalizörlü ve katalizörsüz koşullarda hızlı pirolizinin ürün verimleri ve özelliklerine etkisi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu tez kapsamında ayçiçeği küspesinin hızlı pirolizinin katalizörsüz koşulda ve klinoptilolit katalizörü kullanılarak yapılmasının elde edilen ürün verimleri ve ürün özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. İlk olarak, ısıtma hızı (100, 200, 300 ?/dk), piroliz sıcaklığı (400, 500, 600 ?) ve katalizör yüzdelerinin (%5, %10, %15) ürün verimleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Ayçiçeği küspesinin hızlı piroliz işleminde klinoptilolit katalizörü eklenmesiyle yapılan denemelerde, katalizörün katı ürün verimini fazla değiştirmediği, sıvı ürün verimini oldukça düşürdüğü ve gaz ürün verimini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Biyokömür örneklerinde en yüksek üst ısıl değer, katalizörsüz koşulda 500? sıcaklık ve 300 ?/dk ısınma hızında 22,95 MJ/kg olarak elde edilmiştir. Biyokömür örneklerinin mikroskobik yapısı incelendiğinde hammaddeye göre gözenekliliğin arttığı anlaşılmıştır. Katalizörsüz koşulda elde edilmiş olan gaz örneklerinin alt ısıl değerlerinin katalizörlü koşulda elde edilen örneklerinkine göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. En yüksek alt ısıl değer 400 ? sıcaklıkta, 100 ?/dk ısınma hızında 29,05 MJ/Nm³ olarak elde edilmiştir. Ayçiçeği küspesinin farklı sıcaklıklarda katalizörlü ve katalizörsüz koşulda pirolizi ile elde edilmiş olan biyoyağ örnekleri GC-MS yöntemiyle incelenmiş, özellikle fenol bileşiklerinin (Phenol, Phenol, 2-methoxy-) hemen her numunede olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca Pyrazine-methyl, Pyrazine 2,6-dimethyl- (CAS) 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine gibi aromatik bileşiklerde tespit edilmiştir.
In this thesis, the effects of fast pyrolysis of sunflower oil cake on obtained product yields and product properties were investigated under non-catalytic condition and using clinoptilolite catalyst. Firstly, the effects of heating rate (100, 200, 300?/min), pyrolysis temperature (400, 500, 600?) and catalyst percentages (5%, 10%, 15%) on product yields were investigated. In the experiments conducted with the addition of clinoptilolite catalyst during fast pyrolysis of sunflower oil cake, it was determined that the catalyst did not change the solid product yield much, it considerably reduced the liquid product yield and increased the gas product yield. In the biochar samples, the highest heating value was obtained as 22.95 MJ/kg at 300 °C/min heating rate and 500 ? pyrolysis temperature conditions without catalyst. When the microscopic structure of the biochar samples was examined, it was understood that the porosity increased compared to the raw material. It was determined that the heating values of the gas samples obtained under the non catalyst-free condition were higher than those of the samples obtained under the non-catalytic condition. The highest lower heating value was obtained as 29.05 MJ/Nm³ at 400°C temperature and 100°C/min heating rate conditionsBiooil samples obtained by pyrolysis of sunflower oil cakeat different temperatures with and without catalyst were examined by GC-MS method, and it was determined that especially phenol compounds (Phenol, Phenol, 2-methoxy-) were found in almost every sample. In addition, aromatic compounds such as Pyrazine-methyl, Pyrazine 2,6-dimethyl-(CAS) 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine have also been detected.
In this thesis, the effects of fast pyrolysis of sunflower oil cake on obtained product yields and product properties were investigated under non-catalytic condition and using clinoptilolite catalyst. Firstly, the effects of heating rate (100, 200, 300?/min), pyrolysis temperature (400, 500, 600?) and catalyst percentages (5%, 10%, 15%) on product yields were investigated. In the experiments conducted with the addition of clinoptilolite catalyst during fast pyrolysis of sunflower oil cake, it was determined that the catalyst did not change the solid product yield much, it considerably reduced the liquid product yield and increased the gas product yield. In the biochar samples, the highest heating value was obtained as 22.95 MJ/kg at 300 °C/min heating rate and 500 ? pyrolysis temperature conditions without catalyst. When the microscopic structure of the biochar samples was examined, it was understood that the porosity increased compared to the raw material. It was determined that the heating values of the gas samples obtained under the non catalyst-free condition were higher than those of the samples obtained under the non-catalytic condition. The highest lower heating value was obtained as 29.05 MJ/Nm³ at 400°C temperature and 100°C/min heating rate conditionsBiooil samples obtained by pyrolysis of sunflower oil cakeat different temperatures with and without catalyst were examined by GC-MS method, and it was determined that especially phenol compounds (Phenol, Phenol, 2-methoxy-) were found in almost every sample. In addition, aromatic compounds such as Pyrazine-methyl, Pyrazine 2,6-dimethyl-(CAS) 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine have also been detected.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Enerji, Energy, Biyokütle, Piroliz, Hızlı piroliz, Katalizör, Katalizörlü piroliz, Biomass, Pyrolysis, Fast Pyrolysis, Catalyst, Catalyzed Pyrolysis
