Bıldungsromanın Tarihsel Gelişimine Bir Bakış: Antik Dönemden Romantik Döneme Bıldungsroman Alt Türünün Ortaya Çıkışı
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Tarih
2017
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İngiliz edebiyatında Bildungsroman olarak adlandırılan gelişim romanı, Viktorya Dönemi gerçekçi yazarları arasında en popüler edebi türlerden birisi olarak ortaya çıkar ve o dönemde yazılan birçok gerçekçi eseri etkiler. Ancak, Bildungsroman, Viktorya Dönemi edebiyat sahnesinde birdenbire ortaya çıkmaz, tarihsel süreç içinde gelişme kaydederek şekillenir. Bu çalışma, Bakhtin’in de vurguladığı gibi, Bildungsroman geleneğinin bir roman türü olarak farklı bir gelişim tarihine sahip olduğu, kendi içerisinde uzun, karmaşık ve ilginç bir gelenek ve edebi sistem haline geldiği varsayımına dayanır. Buna göre Bildungsroman Antik dönem destan ve romanlarından başlayarak, ortaçağ şövalye romanı, Rönesans sanat anlayışı, 17. ve 18. yüzyıl pikaresk roman türünden etkilenmiş, 18. yüzyıl İngiliz romanı ve romantizmden geçerek Goethe’nin Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre adlı eserindeki gelişmişlik düzeyine erişir. Bildung kavramını Goethe dünyaya tanıtırken Carlyle, Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre’i İngilizceye çevirerek ve onu yorumlayarak kendi Bildungsromanı olan Sartor Resartus’u kaleme alır. Tüm bunlar Bildungsroman geleneğinin bir alt tür olarak ortaya çıkmasına ve gelişmesine katkı verir. Bildungsroman’ın gelişiminde öncelikli olarak “kinaye” düzleminde pikaresk roman, “metinlerarasılık” düzeyinde ise bazı 18. Yüzyıl romanları etkilidir. Bu makale, Bildungsromanın tarihsel gelişimini karşılaştırmalı ve tematik yaklaşımları temel alarak incelemeyi, farklı edebiyatçıların görüşleri doğrultusunda örneklerle ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
In English literature, the Bildungsroman, or the novel of formation, emerged as one of the most popular literary types of fiction among Victorian realists and many of the most important works of realism are Bildungsromane. But the Bildungsroman did not emerge suddenly on literary scene in the Victorian Age. The present study relies on the assumption, supported by Bakhtin, that the Bildungsroman has its own history of development as a distinct category, form, type, or subgenre of the novelistic genre, which is in itself a long, complex, and interesting process of rise and consolidation of a literary pattern, tradition, and literary system. This process can be summarized as follows: from the ancient epic and novel to medieval romances to Renaissance picaresque fiction (continued in the seventeenth century) to (in English literature) the eighteenth-century rise of the English novel with its strong picaresque substratum and through romanticism and Goethe (accredited with having introduced in fiction the element of Bildung) to the Victorian flourishing of the novel of formation following Carlyle’s moment of a threefold literary reception of Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre. These are the main conventions which nurture the rise of the Bildungsroman as a subgenre from ancient beginnings to romanticism. Among the primary influences on the rise of the Bildungsroman, some belong, like romantic writings and Goethe’s canonical Bildungsroman, to the level of “allusion”. Others, like picaresque tradition and certain eighteenth-century English novels, belong to the level of “intertextuality”. The present article aims to disclose by its comparative and thematological perspectives of approach a number of experiences and aspects of literary practice whose diachronic unfolding should be considered in a study on the development history of the
In English literature, the Bildungsroman, or the novel of formation, emerged as one of the most popular literary types of fiction among Victorian realists and many of the most important works of realism are Bildungsromane. But the Bildungsroman did not emerge suddenly on literary scene in the Victorian Age. The present study relies on the assumption, supported by Bakhtin, that the Bildungsroman has its own history of development as a distinct category, form, type, or subgenre of the novelistic genre, which is in itself a long, complex, and interesting process of rise and consolidation of a literary pattern, tradition, and literary system. This process can be summarized as follows: from the ancient epic and novel to medieval romances to Renaissance picaresque fiction (continued in the seventeenth century) to (in English literature) the eighteenth-century rise of the English novel with its strong picaresque substratum and through romanticism and Goethe (accredited with having introduced in fiction the element of Bildung) to the Victorian flourishing of the novel of formation following Carlyle’s moment of a threefold literary reception of Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre. These are the main conventions which nurture the rise of the Bildungsroman as a subgenre from ancient beginnings to romanticism. Among the primary influences on the rise of the Bildungsroman, some belong, like romantic writings and Goethe’s canonical Bildungsroman, to the level of “allusion”. Others, like picaresque tradition and certain eighteenth-century English novels, belong to the level of “intertextuality”. The present article aims to disclose by its comparative and thematological perspectives of approach a number of experiences and aspects of literary practice whose diachronic unfolding should be considered in a study on the development history of the
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Edebi Sistem, Pikaresk Roman, İngiliz Romanının Ortaya Çıkışı, Romantizm, Goethe, Fiction, Bildungsroman, Literary System, Picaresque Pattern, The Rise of The English Novel, Romanticism, Goethe, Kurgu
Kaynak
HUMANITAS - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
5
Sayı
10
