Tekirdağ-Türkmenli sulama projesinin toprak ve su bileşenleri üzerindeki etkilerinin dalgacık yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İklim değişikliğinin paralelinde, tüm sektörlerde su ve toprak kaynaklarının kantite ve kalite olarak hızlı tüketimi, ekosistemin ve tarımın sürdürülebilirliğini, güvenli gıdaya erişimi zorlaştırmaktadır. Tarımsal sulamaya olan ihtiyacın artmasıyla, suyun istenilen yer ve zamanda, istenilen miktar ve nitelikte bulundurulmasına yönelik sulama projeleri gerçekleştirilmektedir. Tez çalışması ile sulama projelerinin toprak ve su kaynaklarında yaratacağı çevresel etkilerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu hedefe yönelik olarak, Tekirdağ ili Türkmenli Sulama Gölet'i Sahası'nda toprak ve su kaynaklarında oluşan olumlu/olumsuz değişiklikler ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, toprak ve su parametreleri, çevreye ve tarıma olan etkileri bakımından karar-destek sistemlerinden biri olan Wavelet (dalgacık) modeli ile değerlendirilmiş ve gelecekte yapılması planlanan sulama projeleri için ortaya çıkabilecek riskler belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanında; 5 adet sağ sahil sulama kanalı ve 5 adet sol sahil sulama kanalı güzergâhında iki sulama sezonu boyunca toprak örnekleri, gölet ile sulama kanalının çıkış noktaları ve 5 adet taban suyu gözlem kuyusundan su örnekleri alınarak fiziko-kimyasal ve biyolojik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Parametre konsantrasyonları, Wavelet modelinde zaman ve mekân boyutunda analiz edilmiştir. Tuzluluk parametreleri, sulama uygulamaları, yağış ve kuraklık ile büyük ölçekte değişiklik gösterirken, nitrat (NO3), nitrit (NO2), fosfat (PO4), sülfat (SO4), klor (Cl) gibi kirleticilerin, sulama projesi sahasının yerleşim yerlerine yakınlığı, gübreleme ve endüstriyel atık suların yüzey suları ile aküfere karışması nedeniyle tehlikeli eğilimler gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Sulama sahasında toprakta ve suda ağır metal değişimlerinde, sanayi tesislerinden çıkan kirleticilerin etkisiyle, su ve hava taşınımı ile rüzgârın yönüne de bağlı olarak makro ve mikro ölçeklerde etkiler izlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Su ve toprak kalitesi, Wavelet, Trend analizi, Organik kirleticiler
The extensive utilization of water and soil resources by various sectors has negatively impacted their quality and quantity. This has resulted complications in the sustainability of ecosystems while also jeopardizing the access to safe food especially in the era of a changing climate. With the increasing need for irrigated agriculture, irrigation projects are also carried out to keep water at the desired place and time in the desired quantity and quality. This thesis aimed at determining the environmental effects of irrigation projects on soil and water. To achieve this objective, the positive/negative changes on soil and water resources in the Türkmenli Irrigation Field of Center of Tekirdağ were examined. The physio-chemical and biological analyses were carried out by taking soil samples and water samples from the pond and the exit points of the irrigation canal and 5 groundwater observation wells during two irrigation seasons on the route of 5 right coast irrigation canals and 5 left coast irrigation canals. The findings on the soil and water parameters were evaluated with the Wavelet model, which is one of the decision-support systems utilized in evaluating irrigation projects'effects on the environment and agriculture and the risks that may arise from the irrigation projects planned in the future have been determined. Parameter concentrations were analyzed in terms of time and space. Salinity parameters and pollutants such as nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), phosphate (PO4), sulfate (SO4), chlorine (Cl) varied greatly with irrigation practices, drought and precipitation. It was determined that the irrigation project may pose danger to public health due to its proximity to the settlements and also as a result of fertilizers and industrial waste waters mixing with surface waters and aquifers. In the irrigation area, macro and micro scale effects were also observed in heavy metal changes in soil and water, based on the effect of pollutants from industrial facilities, water and air transport, and the direction of the wind. Keywords: Water and soil quality, Wavelet, Trend analysis, Organic pollutants
The extensive utilization of water and soil resources by various sectors has negatively impacted their quality and quantity. This has resulted complications in the sustainability of ecosystems while also jeopardizing the access to safe food especially in the era of a changing climate. With the increasing need for irrigated agriculture, irrigation projects are also carried out to keep water at the desired place and time in the desired quantity and quality. This thesis aimed at determining the environmental effects of irrigation projects on soil and water. To achieve this objective, the positive/negative changes on soil and water resources in the Türkmenli Irrigation Field of Center of Tekirdağ were examined. The physio-chemical and biological analyses were carried out by taking soil samples and water samples from the pond and the exit points of the irrigation canal and 5 groundwater observation wells during two irrigation seasons on the route of 5 right coast irrigation canals and 5 left coast irrigation canals. The findings on the soil and water parameters were evaluated with the Wavelet model, which is one of the decision-support systems utilized in evaluating irrigation projects'effects on the environment and agriculture and the risks that may arise from the irrigation projects planned in the future have been determined. Parameter concentrations were analyzed in terms of time and space. Salinity parameters and pollutants such as nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), phosphate (PO4), sulfate (SO4), chlorine (Cl) varied greatly with irrigation practices, drought and precipitation. It was determined that the irrigation project may pose danger to public health due to its proximity to the settlements and also as a result of fertilizers and industrial waste waters mixing with surface waters and aquifers. In the irrigation area, macro and micro scale effects were also observed in heavy metal changes in soil and water, based on the effect of pollutants from industrial facilities, water and air transport, and the direction of the wind. Keywords: Water and soil quality, Wavelet, Trend analysis, Organic pollutants
Açıklama
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyosistem Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture ; Çevre Mühendisliği
