Bazı asma genotiplerinde mildiyö hastalığı enfeksiyon seyri ve önemli stilbenlerin birikimi üzerine araştırmalar
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada 6 farklı asma genotipinin [lokal şaraplık Karasakız, lokal sofralık Müşküle, melez sofralık Tekirdağ Sultani (ItaliaXSuperior Seedless), salamuralık melezler 119, 154 ve 200 (NarinceXRegent)] Plasmopara viticola tarafından oluşturulan mildiyö hastalığına karşı dayanıklılıkları detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Denemeler süresince koparılmış yaprakların alt yüzeyine etmenin sporangium süspansüyonunun damlatılması şeklinde inokulasyon yapılmıştır. Öncelikle inokulasyondan bir hafta sonra etmenin yapraklarda oluşturduğu sporulasyon alanı (mm2) stereomikroskopta ölçülmüş, sporulasyon alanına göre, 200 son derece dayanıklı (ER), Müşküle ve 154 yüksek düzeyde dayanıklı (HR), 119 dayanıklı (R), Karasakız hassas (S) ve Tekirdağ Sultani yüksek derecede hassas (HS) olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Lezyonlar üzerinde bulunan sporangium sayısı ile sporulasyon alanı arasında önemli derecede pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Fluoresan mikroskopta yapılan gözlemlerde inokulasyondan 48 saat sonra en düşük enfekteli stoma sayısı 200 no'lu genotipte belirlenmiş, bunu Müşküle ve 154 takip etmiştir. Etmenin vesikülü inokulasyondan 24 saat sonra tüm genotiplerin yapraklarında çimlenmiş ve primer hif oluşturmuştur, bununla birlikte 200 nolu genotipte inokulasyondan 48 saat sonra vesikülün çim borusundan uzayan hifi mezofilin hücrelerarası boşluklarına yayılmamıştır. Müşküle, 119 ve 154'de aynı sürede bu yayılma gerçekleşse de inokulasyondan 72 saat sonra etmenin gelişimi kısıtlanmıştır. Hassas genotiplerde ise inokulasyondan 72 saat sonra uzun dallanmış hiflere sahip patojen miselyum oluşturmuş ve damarlar arası boşlukları doldurmuştur. Yüksek basınçlı sıvı kromatografi (HPLC)'de ölçümü yapılan üç stilben grubu bileşiğin (resveratrol, ?-viniferin ve pterostilben) miktarı inokulasyondan sonra artan zaman dilimlerinde dayanıklı genotiplerde önemli derecede artış göstermiştir. Resveratrolün miktarı değişen düzeylerde dayanıklı bulunan genotiplerde inokulasyondan 72 saat sonra yüksek miktarda bulunurken, bu sürede en yüksek ?-viniferin miktarı 200 (ER) nolu genotipte tespit edilmiştir. Müşküle (HR) ve 154 (HR) ise diğer dayanıklı genotiplere göre daha yüksek miktarda pterostilben içermiştir. Bu çalışma P. viticola'ya karşı dayanıklılıkları ilk kez test edilen Müşküle, 119, 154 ve 200'de patojenin enfeksiyonu süresince hastalığın ilerlemesini sınırlayan savunma mekanizmasının teşvik edildiğini göstermektedir.
In this study, the resistance of 6 different grapevine genotypes [local wine grape Karasakız, local table grape Müşküle, cross table grape Tekirdağ Sultani (ItaliaXSuperior Seedless), brined crosses 119, 154 and 200 (NarinceXRegent)] to mildew disease caused by Plasmopara viticola was investigated in detail. During the experiments, inoculation was performed by dropping the sporangium suspension of the pathogen to the abaxial surface of detached leaves. The sporulation area (mm2) on leaves at a week after inoculation was first measured under a stereomicroscope, 200 was found as extremely resistant (ER), Müşküle and 154 as highly resistant (HR), 119 as resistant (R), Karasakız as sensitive (S) and Tekirdağ Sultani as highly sensitive (HS). A significant positive correlation was determined between the number of sporangium on the lesion and sporulation area. In the observation with a fluorescent microscope, the lowest number of infected stomata by pathogen at 48 hours after inoculation was determined in the genotype 200, Müşküle and 154 followed it. The vesicle of the pathogen germinated and developed primary hypha in the leaves of all genotypes at 24 hours after inoculation, however, in genotype 200, the primary hypha of vesicle did not spread into the intercellular spaces of the mesophyll at 48 hours after inoculation. Although this spread occurred at this process in Müşküle, 119 and 154, the development of the pathogen was restricted at 72 hours after inoculation. Pathogen with long branched hypha having many haustoria developed mycelia and covered the intercostal field in sensitive genotypes at 72 hours after inoculation. The amount of three3 stilbene compound (resveratrol, ?-viniferin and pterostilbene), which was measured in high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), significantly increased in resistant genotypes at increasing time periods after inoculation. The amount of resveratrol was found to be high in 72 hours after inoculation in genotypes which are resistant to pathogen at different level, while the highest amount of ?-viniferin was determined in genotype 200 (ER) during this period. Müşküle (HR) and 154 (HR) contained higher amounts of pterostilbene than that of other resistant genotypes. This study shows that the defense mechanism that limits the progression of the disease during the infection of the pathogen was induced in Müşküle, 119, 154 and 200 whose resistance against P. viticola was tested for the first time.
In this study, the resistance of 6 different grapevine genotypes [local wine grape Karasakız, local table grape Müşküle, cross table grape Tekirdağ Sultani (ItaliaXSuperior Seedless), brined crosses 119, 154 and 200 (NarinceXRegent)] to mildew disease caused by Plasmopara viticola was investigated in detail. During the experiments, inoculation was performed by dropping the sporangium suspension of the pathogen to the abaxial surface of detached leaves. The sporulation area (mm2) on leaves at a week after inoculation was first measured under a stereomicroscope, 200 was found as extremely resistant (ER), Müşküle and 154 as highly resistant (HR), 119 as resistant (R), Karasakız as sensitive (S) and Tekirdağ Sultani as highly sensitive (HS). A significant positive correlation was determined between the number of sporangium on the lesion and sporulation area. In the observation with a fluorescent microscope, the lowest number of infected stomata by pathogen at 48 hours after inoculation was determined in the genotype 200, Müşküle and 154 followed it. The vesicle of the pathogen germinated and developed primary hypha in the leaves of all genotypes at 24 hours after inoculation, however, in genotype 200, the primary hypha of vesicle did not spread into the intercellular spaces of the mesophyll at 48 hours after inoculation. Although this spread occurred at this process in Müşküle, 119 and 154, the development of the pathogen was restricted at 72 hours after inoculation. Pathogen with long branched hypha having many haustoria developed mycelia and covered the intercostal field in sensitive genotypes at 72 hours after inoculation. The amount of three3 stilbene compound (resveratrol, ?-viniferin and pterostilbene), which was measured in high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), significantly increased in resistant genotypes at increasing time periods after inoculation. The amount of resveratrol was found to be high in 72 hours after inoculation in genotypes which are resistant to pathogen at different level, while the highest amount of ?-viniferin was determined in genotype 200 (ER) during this period. Müşküle (HR) and 154 (HR) contained higher amounts of pterostilbene than that of other resistant genotypes. This study shows that the defense mechanism that limits the progression of the disease during the infection of the pathogen was induced in Müşküle, 119, 154 and 200 whose resistance against P. viticola was tested for the first time.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture, Dayanıklılık, Durability, Fitoaleksin, Phytoalexin, Mildiyö, Mildews, Üzüm, Grape
