Edirne ili ayva (Cydonia oblonga Mill) bahçelerinde monilya hastalığının yayılışı, hastalık etmenlerinin ayvada patojenisitesi ve ayva çeşitlerinin dayanıklılık durumunun belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2012
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada a) Edirne ilinde ayva monilyası hastalığının yaygınlığı, b) sert ve yumuşak çekirdekli meyvelerden elde edilen Monilia türlerinin morfolojik özellikleri ve ayvada patojenisiteleri c) ülkemizdeki önemli ayva çeşitlerinin monilya hastalığı etmenlerine karşı in vivo koşullarda dayanıklılık durumlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, patojenisite testleri sonucunda farklı virülens derecesine sahip izolatlar, bitki dokusuna giriş ve gelişme açısından önem taşıyan misel gelişme hızı ve misel kuru ağırlığı yönünden karşılaştırılmıştır. Etmenin morfolojik özellikleri, gelişme hızı ve misel kuru ağırlığı V8 besi ortamı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Patojenisite ve dayanıklılık testleri meyvelerde açılan yaralara yüksek derecede virülent olan izolatlara ait agar disklerinin yerleştirilmesi şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Monilya hastalığını ilde yaygınlığını belirlemek amacıyla yapılan sürvey çalışmaları sonucunda, hastalığın ildeki ticari meyve bahçelerindeki yaygınlık oranı % 62.5, hastalık oranı ise % 13.32 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen izolatların koloni gelişimleri ve spor boyutları türlere ve izolatlara göre farklılık göstermiştir. Patojenisite testlerinde izolatların ayva meyvesinde oluşturdukları lezyon çaplarında farklılıklar bulunmuş, en büyük lezyon çapını ayvadan elde edilen izolat (MON-17) oluşturmuş bu izolatı elma meyvesinden elde edilen izolat (MON-14) izlemiştir. Yüksek derecede virülent olan bu iki izolat kullanılarak Eşme ayvası, Ekmek ayvası ve yabani ayva meyvelerinde yapılan dayanıklılık testleri sonucunda, her iki izolatın yabani ayva tipinde önemli derecede küçük çaplı lezyon oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Gelişme hızı ve kuru misel ağırlığı değerlendirmeleri sonucunda, yüksek virülent olan izolatların zayıf derecede virülent olanlara göre daha hızlı geliştiği ve daha yüksek kuru misel ağırlığına sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte gelişme hızı ve kuru misel ağırlığı ile patojenisite arasında önemli bir ilişki bulunmamıştır.
The objectives of this study were to determine; a) prevalence of mummy disease on quince cultivated in Edirne province, b) morphological characteristics of Monilia species isolated from pome and stone fruits infected by the pathogen and their pathogenicities on quince fruit c) the resistance of some important quince cultivars of our country to the pathogens in vivo conditions. In addition, as a result of pathogenicity test the isolates with different virulence degrees (weak-strong) were compared for mycelia growth rate and dry mycelia growth which were known as important factors for the penetration and growth into the plant tissue. Morphological characteristics, mycelia weight rate and dry mycelia weight were determined using V8 juice media. Agar plug of highly virulent isolates were inserted to the incisions on quince fruits in the pathogenicity and resistance tests. Surveys showed that prevalence rate of the disease in the commercial orchards was 62.50 % and the disease rate was 13,32 %. Characteristics of colonial growth and spore dimensions of isolates differed according to species and isolates. In the pathogenicity tests, there were differences among isolates for the lesion diameters on quince fruit. The largest lesion diameter was obtained with the inoculation of the isolate MON-17 isolated from the infected quince followed by the isolate MON-14. These isolates caused significantly small lesion diameter on native wild quince when they were inoculated to three cultivars cv.Eşme, cv. Ekmek and a native wild type quince. As a result of growth rate and dry mycelia weight reviews it was determined that High virulent isolates grew faster than the less virulent isolates and had high amount of dry mycelia weight. However no significant association was found between pathogenicity and growth rate, and mycelial dry weight.
The objectives of this study were to determine; a) prevalence of mummy disease on quince cultivated in Edirne province, b) morphological characteristics of Monilia species isolated from pome and stone fruits infected by the pathogen and their pathogenicities on quince fruit c) the resistance of some important quince cultivars of our country to the pathogens in vivo conditions. In addition, as a result of pathogenicity test the isolates with different virulence degrees (weak-strong) were compared for mycelia growth rate and dry mycelia growth which were known as important factors for the penetration and growth into the plant tissue. Morphological characteristics, mycelia weight rate and dry mycelia weight were determined using V8 juice media. Agar plug of highly virulent isolates were inserted to the incisions on quince fruits in the pathogenicity and resistance tests. Surveys showed that prevalence rate of the disease in the commercial orchards was 62.50 % and the disease rate was 13,32 %. Characteristics of colonial growth and spore dimensions of isolates differed according to species and isolates. In the pathogenicity tests, there were differences among isolates for the lesion diameters on quince fruit. The largest lesion diameter was obtained with the inoculation of the isolate MON-17 isolated from the infected quince followed by the isolate MON-14. These isolates caused significantly small lesion diameter on native wild quince when they were inoculated to three cultivars cv.Eşme, cv. Ekmek and a native wild type quince. As a result of growth rate and dry mycelia weight reviews it was determined that High virulent isolates grew faster than the less virulent isolates and had high amount of dry mycelia weight. However no significant association was found between pathogenicity and growth rate, and mycelial dry weight.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
ayva (Cydonia oblonga), ayva monilyası (Monilia linhartiana), yaygınlık, patojenisite, dayanıklılık, quince (Cydonia oblonga), quince mummy (Monilia linhartiana), prevalence, pathogenicity, resistance
