Trakya bölgesinde tarımsal gübre kullanımının analizi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
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Yayıncı
Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Gübreler bitkisel üretimin sürdürülebilirliği için son derece önemli bir işleve sahiptir. Ancak gübrelerin uygun olmayan kullanımı önemli verim kayıpları yanında, ekonomik ve çevresel sorunlara da neden olabilmektedir. Yoğun bitkisel üretim yapılan Trakya bölgesinde (Edirne, Kırklareli ve Tekirdağ) toplam 300 üretici ile bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Üreticilerin sosyo-demografik bilgileri, işletmenin tarım arazisi, hayvan ve makine-ekipman varlığı, uygulanan üretim sistemi, gübreler ile gübreleme uygulamalarında çiftçilerin bilinç düzeyleri ve tercihlerinde rol oynayan hususlar vb bilgiler derlenmiştir. Hedef kitlenin %62,7'sinin ilkokul, %26,7'sinin ortaokul, %7,3'ünün lise ve %3,3'ünün lisans mezunu olduğu, üreticilerin büyük ekseriyetinin (%98,8) evli ve kooperatif üyesi tespit edilmiştir. Çiftçilerinin en az %70'lik kısmının Türkiye ortalamasının üzerinde tarım arazisine sahip olduğu, üreticilerin %44'ün buğday, %45'nin ayçiçeği, %6'sının kanola, %4'ünün mısır ve %2'sinin arpa üretimi yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Üreticilerin %60 bitkisel üretim yanında büyük baş hayvancılığı da yapmaktadır. İşletmelerin tamamında traktör, pulluk, ilaçlama makinesi, sulama makinesi ve balyalama makinesi olduğu, %97-99'nda ise römork, gübreleme makinesi, kazayağı, dişli tırmık ve mibzer olduğu işletmelerin %9,3'ünde ise biçerdöver bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Entensif bitkisel üretime bağlı olarak üreticilerin başta üre ve Kalsiyum Amonyum Nitrat olmak üzere çok farklı gübreler kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Ancak çiftçilerin çoğunluğunun (%83) toprak analizinden ziyade kendi tecrübesine dayanarak gübreleme yaptığı sadece %20'sinin toprak analizi yaptırdığı ve sadece %13'nün toprak analizinin verim artışı sağlayacağına inandığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ankete katılan üreticilerin %71'inin yaprak analizi konusunda bilgi sahibi dahi olmadığı ve sadece %26'sının daha önce konuyla ilgili eğitimlere katıldığı saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar bölgede detaylı çiftçi eğitim programlarına ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermiştir. Diğer yandan üreticilerin %72'si başka amaçlarla da kullanılabilmek için gübre desteğinin nakit olarak yapılmasını istemektedir. Son dönemdeki ekonomik gelişmelerin de etkisiyle katılımcıların %99'u gelirlerinde artış olsa dahi gübre kullanımını arttırmayacağını belirtmiştir. Üreticilerin %75'i gübre fiyatlarının düşmesi veya yükselmemesi beklentisi içinde olup genel olarak gübre fiyatlarındaki artıştan olumsuz etkilendikleri belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca fiyat artışının devam etmesi halinde bazı gübrelerin kullanımını %30'a varan oranda azaltabileceklerini bildirmişlerdir. Sonuçlar bölgede bitkisel üretimin verimli bir şekilde sürdürülebilmesi için gübre fiyatları ve/veya desteklerin iyileştirmesi gerektiği kanaatine varılmıştır.
Fertilizers have an extremely important function for the sustainability of crop production. However, improper use of fertilizers can result in significant yield losses as well as economic and environmental problems. A survey was conducted with 300 producers in Thrace region (Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ) where intensive plant production was carried out. The socio-demographic information of the producers, the agricultural land, animals and machinery-equipment owned by the enterprise, the applied plant production system, and the factors that play a role in the preferences and awareness of farmers on fertilizers and fertilization practices etc were compiled. It was determined that 62.7% of the target population had primary education, 26.7% was secondary school, 7.3% was high school and 3.3% was undergraduate. The majority of the producers (98.8%) were identified as married and cooperative members. The farmers in the region have agricultural land at least 70% more than the average land per person in Turkey, and it was determined that 44% of the producers produce wheat, 45% produce sunflower, 6% produce canola, 4% produce corn and 2% produce barley. 60% of the producers produce cattle as well as crop production. Tractors, plows, sprayers, irrigation machines and baling machines were found in all of the enterprises, while 97-99% had trailers, fertilizing machines, crowbars, harrows and seeders, and 9.3% of the enterprises had harvesters. The producers use many different fertilizers, such as urea and calcium ammonium nitrate, depends on the intensive plant production system in the region. However, the majority of farmers (83%) use fertilizer based on their own experience rather than soil analysis. It was determined that only 20% of the producers have done soil analysis before, and 13% of the producers believe that soil analysis will have a positive effect on crop yield. In addition, it was found that 71% of the surveyed producers did not even know about leaf analysis and only 26% of them had previously participated in relevant trainings. Therefore, detailed farmer training programs are needed in the region. Besides, 72% of producers, with the objective to use for other purposes as well, is willing to make the fertilizer subsidies in cash. Due to recent economic developments in the country, 99% of the respondents stated that they would not increase fertilizer use even if there was an increase in their income. 75% of the producers stated that they were negatively affected by the increase in fertilizer prices and therefore expect fertilizer prices to fall or at least not to rise. They also stressed that if the price increase continues, some fertilizers may reduce their use by up to 30%. According to the results, fertilizer prices and / or subsidies should be improved in order to maintain crop production efficiently in the region.
Fertilizers have an extremely important function for the sustainability of crop production. However, improper use of fertilizers can result in significant yield losses as well as economic and environmental problems. A survey was conducted with 300 producers in Thrace region (Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ) where intensive plant production was carried out. The socio-demographic information of the producers, the agricultural land, animals and machinery-equipment owned by the enterprise, the applied plant production system, and the factors that play a role in the preferences and awareness of farmers on fertilizers and fertilization practices etc were compiled. It was determined that 62.7% of the target population had primary education, 26.7% was secondary school, 7.3% was high school and 3.3% was undergraduate. The majority of the producers (98.8%) were identified as married and cooperative members. The farmers in the region have agricultural land at least 70% more than the average land per person in Turkey, and it was determined that 44% of the producers produce wheat, 45% produce sunflower, 6% produce canola, 4% produce corn and 2% produce barley. 60% of the producers produce cattle as well as crop production. Tractors, plows, sprayers, irrigation machines and baling machines were found in all of the enterprises, while 97-99% had trailers, fertilizing machines, crowbars, harrows and seeders, and 9.3% of the enterprises had harvesters. The producers use many different fertilizers, such as urea and calcium ammonium nitrate, depends on the intensive plant production system in the region. However, the majority of farmers (83%) use fertilizer based on their own experience rather than soil analysis. It was determined that only 20% of the producers have done soil analysis before, and 13% of the producers believe that soil analysis will have a positive effect on crop yield. In addition, it was found that 71% of the surveyed producers did not even know about leaf analysis and only 26% of them had previously participated in relevant trainings. Therefore, detailed farmer training programs are needed in the region. Besides, 72% of producers, with the objective to use for other purposes as well, is willing to make the fertilizer subsidies in cash. Due to recent economic developments in the country, 99% of the respondents stated that they would not increase fertilizer use even if there was an increase in their income. 75% of the producers stated that they were negatively affected by the increase in fertilizer prices and therefore expect fertilizer prices to fall or at least not to rise. They also stressed that if the price increase continues, some fertilizers may reduce their use by up to 30%. According to the results, fertilizer prices and / or subsidies should be improved in order to maintain crop production efficiently in the region.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
