Evolutionary Specialization of the Tongue in Vertebrates: Structure and Function
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Springer International Publishing Ag
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
A conspicuous feature of extant tetrapods is a movable tongue that plays a role in food uptake, mastication, and swallowing. The tongue is a muscle mass covered by a mucosal sheath, but the tongues of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are diverse in general morphology and function. For example, in frogs and toads, a component of the musculus genioglossus serves as an intrinsic tongue muscle, with the anterior part of the tongue attached to the floor of the oral cavity. Nevertheless, these features of the tongue have allowed Anurans to diversify and disperse worldwide. On the other hand, the salamander tongue is connected to the oral cavity by a root with a cartilage or a bony skeleton, and it is mainly comprised of projection and retractor muscles. In this respect, the salamander tongue seems more similar to that of reptiles and mammals than to those of frogs and toads. The morphology and function of the tongues of some reptiles, such as chameleons, and some mammals, such as nectar-feeding bats, are examples of extreme specialization. Finally, the tongue has become almost vestigial in a few species of anurans, turtles, and birds. This review summarizes and discusses many specializations of tongue form and function among tetrapods.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Vertebrate tongue, Evolution, Specialization, Environment, Structure and function, Differentiation, Adaptation, Dorsal Lingual Epithelium, Scanning-Electron-Microscopy, Connective-Tissue Cores, Complete Mitochondrial Genome, Chelus-Fimbriatus Pleurodira, Bat Rousettus-Aegyptiacus, Bufo-Japonicus Anura, Soft-Shelled Turtle, Fine-Structure, Prey-Capture
Kaynak
Feeding in Vertebrates: Evolution, Morphology, Behavior, Biomechanics
WoS Q Değeri
N/A
