Graviola (annova muricata l. ) bitkisinin uçucu bileşiklerinin kompozisyonu ve antioksidan aktivitesinin tayini
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada tropik egzotik meyvelerden biri olan Graviola ( Annona muricata L.) meyvesinin pulp, kabuk ve çekirdekleri ile yapraklarında uçucu bileşik kompozisyonu, toplam fenolik, flavonoid içeriği ile antioksidan aktivite çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla n-hekzan, etil asetat, metanol ve diklormetan çözücüleri ile elde edilen ekstrelerde DPPH• ve ABTS•+ serbest radikali giderme aktivitesi, FRAP ve CUPRAC kapasitesi ile ?-karoten ağarma yöntemleri ile antioksidan aktivite belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen n-hekzan ekstrelerinde, GC-MS yöntemini kullanarak uçucu bileşiklerin kompozisyonu belirlenmiştir. En yüksek ekstraksiyon verimi (% 64.14) meyvenin pulpundan ve metanol çözücüsüyle elde edilmiştir. En yüksek TFM ve TF içeriği yaprak-MeOH ektresinde (244.61 ?g CAT mg ekstrakt-1; 81.32 ?g CAT mg ekstrakt-1) bulunmuştur. n-hekzan ekstrelerindeki GC-MS sonuçlarına göre, yapraklarda temel bileşen olarak terpenoidler (% 53.52), esterler (% 12.01), steroidler (% 9.85); kabuklarda temel bileşen olarak esterler (% 52.2), alifatik hidrokarbonlar (% 17.84), fenolik bileşikler (% 12.90); meyvenin pulpunda temel bileşen olarak esterler (% 47.32), hidrokarbonlar (% 19.84) ve fenolik bileşikler (% 15.46) gözlenirken, çekirdek ekstresindeki temel bileşenler, yağ asitleri (% 67.22) ve terpenoidler (% 9.92) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite sonuçlarına göre, DPPH, FRAP ve CUPRAC aktivitesi açısından da en yüksek aktivite meyvenin çekirdeklerinde bulunurken, ABTS•+ radikal giderim aktivitesinde çekirdekler ve yapraklar açısından istatistiksel olarak bir fark belirlenememiştir. ?-karoten renk ağartma aktivitesi en yüksek kabukta ve sonra yapraklarda bulunmuştur. Pulp en düşük aktiviteye sahiptir. Tüm antioksidan karakterler açısından istatistiksel değerlendirme yapılmış, farklılıklar ve ilişkiler önemli bulunmustur (P<0.05). Meyvenin toplam fenolik madde içeriği ile toplam flavonoid madde içeriği arasında r=0.761** düzeyinde önemli bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Toplam flavonoid madde içeriği ile antioksidan aktivite karakterleri arasındaki en yüksek korelasyon, FRAP aktivitesi ile bulunmuştur (r=0.900**). Graviola ekstrelerinin GC-MS analizi, ekstredeki farklı kimyasal yapıya sahip çeşitli farmasötik olarak önemli kimyasal bileşiklerin varlığını gösteriken, toplam fenolik ve flavonoid madde ve antioksidan aktivite analizlerinde, özellikle çekirdek ve yapraklarda yüksek aktivite dikkat çekmektedir.
In this study, volatile compounds, total phenolic, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity were carried out in the pulp, peel, and seeds and leaves of Graviola (Annona muricata L.) fruit, which is one of the tropical exotic fruits. For this purpose, DPPH• and ABTS•+ free radical scavenging activity, FRAP and CUPRAC capacity and ?-carotene bleaching methods were tested in the extracts obtained from n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and dichloromethane were used solvents. The volatile compound was determined using the GC-MS method in the n-hexane extracts. The highest extraction efficiency (64.14%) was obtained from pulp by using methanol as solvent. The highest TPC and TP content was found in the Y-MeOH extract (244.61 g CAT mg extract-1; 81.32 ?g CAT mg extract-1). According to GC-MS results of hexane extracts, terpenoids (53.52%), esters (12.01%) and steroids (9.85%) are the main components of graviola leaves. In the graviola shells, esters (52.2%), aliphatic hydrocarbons (17.84%) and phenolic compounds (12.90%) were found as the major constituents. Esters (47.32%), hydrocarbons (19.84%) and phenolic compounds (15.46%) were the main components in the pulp, while the main components in the seed were fatty acids (67.22%) and terpenoids (9.92%). According to the results of antioxidant activity, the highest DPPH, FRAP and CUPRAC activity was found in the seed of the fruit, while there was no statistically significant difference in ABTS • + radical removal activity for seed and leaves. The ?-carotene bleaching activity was highest in the peel and then in the leaves. Pulp showed the lowest activity. All antioxidant characters were evaluated statistically, differences and relationships were found to be significant (p <0.05). There is an important relationship between total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of r = 0.761 **. The highest correlation was found between total flavonoid content and FRAP activity (r = 0.900**). GC-MS analysis of graviola extracts exhibited the presence of various pharmaceutically important chemical compounds with different chemical structure in the extract, and the remarkable total phenolic, flavonoid content and high antioxidant activity activity of the seeds and leaves in this study.
In this study, volatile compounds, total phenolic, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity were carried out in the pulp, peel, and seeds and leaves of Graviola (Annona muricata L.) fruit, which is one of the tropical exotic fruits. For this purpose, DPPH• and ABTS•+ free radical scavenging activity, FRAP and CUPRAC capacity and ?-carotene bleaching methods were tested in the extracts obtained from n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and dichloromethane were used solvents. The volatile compound was determined using the GC-MS method in the n-hexane extracts. The highest extraction efficiency (64.14%) was obtained from pulp by using methanol as solvent. The highest TPC and TP content was found in the Y-MeOH extract (244.61 g CAT mg extract-1; 81.32 ?g CAT mg extract-1). According to GC-MS results of hexane extracts, terpenoids (53.52%), esters (12.01%) and steroids (9.85%) are the main components of graviola leaves. In the graviola shells, esters (52.2%), aliphatic hydrocarbons (17.84%) and phenolic compounds (12.90%) were found as the major constituents. Esters (47.32%), hydrocarbons (19.84%) and phenolic compounds (15.46%) were the main components in the pulp, while the main components in the seed were fatty acids (67.22%) and terpenoids (9.92%). According to the results of antioxidant activity, the highest DPPH, FRAP and CUPRAC activity was found in the seed of the fruit, while there was no statistically significant difference in ABTS • + radical removal activity for seed and leaves. The ?-carotene bleaching activity was highest in the peel and then in the leaves. Pulp showed the lowest activity. All antioxidant characters were evaluated statistically, differences and relationships were found to be significant (p <0.05). There is an important relationship between total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of r = 0.761 **. The highest correlation was found between total flavonoid content and FRAP activity (r = 0.900**). GC-MS analysis of graviola extracts exhibited the presence of various pharmaceutically important chemical compounds with different chemical structure in the extract, and the remarkable total phenolic, flavonoid content and high antioxidant activity activity of the seeds and leaves in this study.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Graviola (Annona Muricata L.), uçucu bileşikler, GC-MS, toplam flavonoid, FRAP, CUPRAC, volatile compounds
