Buğdayda (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) endosprem ve tane iriliğinin çimlenme ve fide özellikleri ile verim ve kalite unsurlarına etkisi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2013
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırma; kuraklığa dayanıklılıkları farklı 3 ekmeklik buğday çeşidi (dayanıklı KateA-1, hassas Sultan-95, orta dayanıklı Golia) ile tarla ve laboratuar denemeleri olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada ele alınan çeşitlerin farklı tane iriliklerinde çimlenme ve fide gelişimi ile verim ve kalite unsurlarının değişimlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 2009-2010 yetiştirme döneminde ele alınan çeşitlerde, çeşitlerin başaklanmasından 14 gün sonra bitkilere kimyasal desikant (% 4?lük potasyum klorat) uygulanarak bitkilerde yapay kuraklık stresi yaratılmış ve cılız tane üretilmesi sağlanmıştır. Elde edilen cılız ve normal taneler farklı elek boylarından geçirilerek farklı tane ve endosperm irilikleri (Kontrol 2.5 mm üstü, 2.0 mm üstü, 2.0 mm altı, desikant uygulanmış 2.0 mm üstü ve 2.0 mm altı) yaratılmıştır. Laboratuar ve tarla denemeleri birlikte incelendiğinde, kurağa dayanıklı KateA-1 çeşidinin farklı endosperm ve tane iriliklerinde daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği görülmektedir. Ekmeklik buğdayda tane iriliği azaldıkça çimlenme oranının, fide boyunun, koleoptil (çim kını) uzunluğunun, kök uzunluğunun, kök sayısının, kök yaş ağırlığının, kök kuru ağırlığının, toprak üstü yaş ağırlığının, toprak üstü kuru ağırlığının, tane veriminin, bitki boyunun, başak uzunluğunun, protein oranının, yaş gluten miktarının azaldığı, ortalama çimlenme süresinin ve gluten indeksin ise arttığı, başakta başakçık sayısının, başakta tane sayısının, başakta tane ağırlığının, bitkide kardeş sayısının, bitkide fertil kardeş sayısının, hasat indeksinin, başak indeksinin, bin tane ağırlığının, hektolitre ağırlığının ise istatistiki anlamda bir değişim oluşturmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ancak desikant uygulanmış bitkilerin 2.0 mm elek üstü taneleri tane verimi bakımından ilk sırada yer almış ve tüm karakterlerde kontrol bitkilerin 2.5 mm ve 2.0 mm elek üstü taneleri kadar iyi sonuçlar verdiği gözlenmiştir. Araştırmada; kuraklık ve aşırı sıcak etkisi gibi zorunlu durumlarda 2.0 mm elek üstü buğday tanelerinin de tohumluk olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The study was carried out as field and laboratory experiments with 3 bread wheat varieties (resistant KateA-1, sensitive Sultan 95, and middle resistant Golia) which are different response to drought. It was aimed to determine changes of germination and seedling characteristics withal yield and quality traits in the wheat varieties with different seed size in the study. Artificial drought stress was created by chemical desiccant application (potassium chlorate with %4) after 14 days to heading of varieties, and productions of undersized seeds were achieved in 2009-2010 growing season. Undersized seeds and normal seeds were sifted through sieves of different sizes, and different seed and endosperm sizes (control are over 2.5 mm, 2.0 mm and under 2.0 m, desiccants are over 2.0 m and under 2.0 m) were generated. Regarding of the results of field and laboratory experiments, it was shown that variety KateA-1 which is resistant to drought gave better results than the others in different endosperm and seed sizes. To gather with decreases in seed size was shown reduces in characters such as germination rate, seedling height, coleoptile (grass sheath) length, root length, number of root, root fresh weight, root dry weight, fresh weight of above-ground, dry weight of above-ground, grain yield, plant height, spike length, protein content, wet gluten content of the varieties. Mean germination time and gluten indexes values increased by decreases in grain size. No important statistical effects of seed size on number of spikelets per spike, number of grain per spike, grain weight per spike, number of tillers per plant, number of fertile tillers per plant, harvest index, spike index, thousand kernel weights and test weight were found. Among the desiccant treated seeds, the highest grain yield mean was obtained from seeds over 2.0 mm sieve of the varieties. In addition, it was shown that they gave results as well as control seeds over 2.5 mm and 2.0 mm sieve for the characters. According to results of the study, it is said that there is no inconvenient in the use as seed of grain over 2.0 mm sieve.
The study was carried out as field and laboratory experiments with 3 bread wheat varieties (resistant KateA-1, sensitive Sultan 95, and middle resistant Golia) which are different response to drought. It was aimed to determine changes of germination and seedling characteristics withal yield and quality traits in the wheat varieties with different seed size in the study. Artificial drought stress was created by chemical desiccant application (potassium chlorate with %4) after 14 days to heading of varieties, and productions of undersized seeds were achieved in 2009-2010 growing season. Undersized seeds and normal seeds were sifted through sieves of different sizes, and different seed and endosperm sizes (control are over 2.5 mm, 2.0 mm and under 2.0 m, desiccants are over 2.0 m and under 2.0 m) were generated. Regarding of the results of field and laboratory experiments, it was shown that variety KateA-1 which is resistant to drought gave better results than the others in different endosperm and seed sizes. To gather with decreases in seed size was shown reduces in characters such as germination rate, seedling height, coleoptile (grass sheath) length, root length, number of root, root fresh weight, root dry weight, fresh weight of above-ground, dry weight of above-ground, grain yield, plant height, spike length, protein content, wet gluten content of the varieties. Mean germination time and gluten indexes values increased by decreases in grain size. No important statistical effects of seed size on number of spikelets per spike, number of grain per spike, grain weight per spike, number of tillers per plant, number of fertile tillers per plant, harvest index, spike index, thousand kernel weights and test weight were found. Among the desiccant treated seeds, the highest grain yield mean was obtained from seeds over 2.0 mm sieve of the varieties. In addition, it was shown that they gave results as well as control seeds over 2.5 mm and 2.0 mm sieve for the characters. According to results of the study, it is said that there is no inconvenient in the use as seed of grain over 2.0 mm sieve.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
ekmeklik buğday, kuraklık, desikant, tohum iriliği, verim, kalite, Bread wheat, drought, desiccant, seed size, yield, quality
