Biyoplastik malzeme kullanılarak yassı damla sulama borusunun geliştirilmesi
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2013
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Doğa ile teknoloji arasında devam eden çatışma doğanın aleyhine hızlı bir şekilde ilerlemektedir. Tarım ve sanayinin ortak bir noktada buluştuğu plastik boru atıklarının azaltılması tez konumuzu oluşturmuştur. Polietilen (PE) hammaddesi kullanılarak üretilen tarımsal sulama boruları görevlerini yerine getirdikten sonra tarımsal arazilerde çevreyi kirletmek pahasına bırakılmaktadır. Tarımsal sulama sistemlerinin en verimlisi olan damla sulama yöntemlerinde kullanılan, yassı damla sulama borusunun polietilen esaslı üretim hammaddesi yerine, çevre dostu, mısır nişastası esaslı biyoplastik hammadde kullanım olanakları belirlenmiştir. Tez kapsamında, iki grup hammadde kullanılmıştır. Bunlar; alçak yoğunluklu polietilen hammadde grubu - AYPE (G03-5 ve F2-12) ve ana bileşeni mısır nişastası olan biyobozunur PHB hammadde grubu - BIOPLAST (Masterbatch: BOR-M-501F, BOR-M-502F, Reçine: BOR-Z-503FM ve BOR-Z-703J)’tır. AYPE hammaddesine, % 25, % 30, % 35 ve % 40 oranlarında 4 çeşit biyoplastik hammadde ve % 5 siyah masterbatch ayrı ayrı granül halinde eklenerek karışımlar elde edilmiştir. Bu karışımlardan ekstrüzyon film üretim yöntemi kullanılarak test numuneleri hazırlanmıştır. Test numuneleri üzerinde mekanik testler, çekme deneyleri, termal analizler (Diferansiyel Tarama Kalorimetresi (DSC) analizleri ve termal kamera çekimleri), aerobik havuz ve tarla deneyleri yapılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan veriler, piyasada mevcut kullanılan damla sulama borularının sonuçları ile istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Biyoplastik katkılı üretilen numunelerin karışım oranları ve numune kodları sırası ile alus01=% 70 F2-12 + % 25 BOR-M-501F + % 5 Siyah Masterbatch, alus02= % 70 F2-12 + % 25 BOR-M-502F + % 5 Siyah Masterbatch, alus03=% 65 F2- 12 + % 30 BOR-Z-503FM + % 5 Siyah Masterbatch ve alus04= % 65 F2-12 + % 30 BOR-Z-703J + % 5 Siyah Masterbatch karışımıdır. Biyoplastik karışımlı numunelerden sadece alus03 kodlu karışıma ait 0.14 mm et kalınlığı, 443.54 kopmadaki % uzama miktarı, 0.967 g/cm3 yoğunluk ve 123.36 °C ergime pik noktası sıcaklık değerleri, piyasada kullanılan yassı damla sulama borularının değerlerine uyumlu çıkmıştır. alus03 hammaddesi ile prototip yassı damla sulama borusu üretimine başlanması için gerekli olan ilk verilere ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışma sonucu ortaya çıkan biyoplastik katkılı alus03 hammadde karışımı, tarım ve sanayi sektöründe yer alan PE uygulamalarda, alternatif bir malzeme olarak kullanılmaya uygundur. Malç filmi, fide torbası, poşet ve çöp torbası üretimlerinde kullanılabilir.
The conflict going on between the nature and technology has been moving ahead fast against the disadvantage of nature. The thesis subject is lessening of plastic pipes wast on which the industry and the agricultere agreed. After compliting estimadet life, at the expense of pollution of agricultural fields the irrigation pipes, produced by using (PE) polyethylene, left on the fields. This study analyzed the use of environmentally friendly, cornstarch based bioplastic raw materials instead of polyethylene based raw material to produce flat drip irrigation pipes, which is the most efficient agricultural irrigation system. Two groups of raw materials were used in the thesis: low density polyethylene material group LDPE (G03-5 and F2-12) and cornstarch based biodegradable PHB raw material group BIOPLAST (Masterbatch: BOR-M-501F, BOR-M-502F, Resin: BOR-Z-503FM and BOR-Z-703J). Mixtures were obtained by adding 4 types of BIOPLAST raw materials at the ratio of 25 %, 30 %, 35 % and 40 % and 5% Black Masterbatch separately in the form of granules. Test samples were prepared from these mixtures using extrusion film production method. Mechanical tests, shrinking tests, thermal analysis Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis and thermal camera captures, aerobic pool and field experiments have been performed on test samples. The data was compared to the results of commercially available drip irrigation pipes using statistical methods. Mixture ratios of bioplastic additive productions and sample codes are orderly : alus01= 70 % F2-12 + 25 % BOR-M-501F + 5 % Black Masterbatch, alus02= 70 % F2-12 + 25 % BOR-M-502F + 5 % Black Masterbatch, alus03= 65 % F2-12 + 30 % BOR-Z-503FM + 5 % Black Masterbatch and alus04= 65 % F2-12 + 30 % BOR-Z-703J + 5 % Black Masterbatch mixtures respectively. Of the raw materials with bioplastic mixture, only the sample obtained alus 03 coded mixture was found to be consistent with the values of commercially available flat drip irrigation pipes with 0.14 mm wall thickness, 443.54 % strain at break, 0.967 g/cm3 density and 123.36 °C melting point. The first data necessary to start production of prototype flat drip irrigation file was reached using this raw material mixture. Moreover, alus03 a mixture of raw materials with bioplastic additives obtained from the study are suitable for use as an alternative material in the PE applications used in the fields of agricultural and industry. It may be used producing mulch film, seedling bags, bags litter bags.
The conflict going on between the nature and technology has been moving ahead fast against the disadvantage of nature. The thesis subject is lessening of plastic pipes wast on which the industry and the agricultere agreed. After compliting estimadet life, at the expense of pollution of agricultural fields the irrigation pipes, produced by using (PE) polyethylene, left on the fields. This study analyzed the use of environmentally friendly, cornstarch based bioplastic raw materials instead of polyethylene based raw material to produce flat drip irrigation pipes, which is the most efficient agricultural irrigation system. Two groups of raw materials were used in the thesis: low density polyethylene material group LDPE (G03-5 and F2-12) and cornstarch based biodegradable PHB raw material group BIOPLAST (Masterbatch: BOR-M-501F, BOR-M-502F, Resin: BOR-Z-503FM and BOR-Z-703J). Mixtures were obtained by adding 4 types of BIOPLAST raw materials at the ratio of 25 %, 30 %, 35 % and 40 % and 5% Black Masterbatch separately in the form of granules. Test samples were prepared from these mixtures using extrusion film production method. Mechanical tests, shrinking tests, thermal analysis Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis and thermal camera captures, aerobic pool and field experiments have been performed on test samples. The data was compared to the results of commercially available drip irrigation pipes using statistical methods. Mixture ratios of bioplastic additive productions and sample codes are orderly : alus01= 70 % F2-12 + 25 % BOR-M-501F + 5 % Black Masterbatch, alus02= 70 % F2-12 + 25 % BOR-M-502F + 5 % Black Masterbatch, alus03= 65 % F2-12 + 30 % BOR-Z-503FM + 5 % Black Masterbatch and alus04= 65 % F2-12 + 30 % BOR-Z-703J + 5 % Black Masterbatch mixtures respectively. Of the raw materials with bioplastic mixture, only the sample obtained alus 03 coded mixture was found to be consistent with the values of commercially available flat drip irrigation pipes with 0.14 mm wall thickness, 443.54 % strain at break, 0.967 g/cm3 density and 123.36 °C melting point. The first data necessary to start production of prototype flat drip irrigation file was reached using this raw material mixture. Moreover, alus03 a mixture of raw materials with bioplastic additives obtained from the study are suitable for use as an alternative material in the PE applications used in the fields of agricultural and industry. It may be used producing mulch film, seedling bags, bags litter bags.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yassı damla sulama borusu, Biyoplastik, Polietilen, Mısır nişastası, Ekstrüzyon, Flat drip irrigation pipe, Bioplastic, Polyethylene, Cornstarch, Extrusion
