Türkiye'de hazine garantili yap işlet devret projelerinin ulaştırma yatırımları kapsamında değerlendirilmesi
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Date
2023
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Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Türkiye'de hazine garantili Yap İşlet Devret projelerinin ulaştırma yatırımları kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Ulaştırma alanında olduğu gibi büyük altyapı yatırımlarının gerçekleştirilmesi yüksek teknoloji yanında ciddi oranda finansal kaynak birikimi gerektirmektedir. Diğer gelişmekte olan ülkelerde olduğu gibi Türkiye'de de bu yatırımların yapılabilmesi kısıtlı imkanlar nedeniyle alternatif kaynak arayışları gündeme gelmiştir. Kamu Özel İşbirliği modelleri arasındaki Yap İşlet Devret modeli de bu güçlüklere karşı geliştirilen ve kullanımı giderek artan proje finansman yöntemi durumuna gelmiştir. Yap İşlet Devret modelinde kamunun finansman yükünün azaltılması, özel kesimin yatırımlardaki payının arttırılması, hizmet sunumunun daha etkin olabilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu finansman modeli özellikle ciddi finansman gerektiren ulaştırma yatırımlarında uygulama alanı bulmaktadır. Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından son yıllarda ulaştırma yatırımlarının yapımı ve işletmesinde tercih edilirliği artmaktadır. Çalışmada Yap İşlet Devret modeli kapsamlı olarak ele alınmış ve ulaştırma alanında uygulama olanakları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada hazine garantili Yap İşlet Devret modeli ile gerçekleştirilen ve örnek olarak seçilmiş olan Yavuz Sultan Selim Köprüsü ve Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, İstanbul Havalimanı ve Gebze İzmir Otoyolu projeleri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak çalışmada incelenen ve Yap İşlet Devret modeli ile gerçekleştirilen projelerin yapım aşamasında finansal, sosyal ve politik anlamda birtakım risklerle karşılaşıldığı görülmüştür. Ancak projelerin işletme aşamasında ülkeye sağlayabileceği katkılarının da olabileceği belirlenmiştir.
In this study, Build-Operate-Transfer projects with treasury guarantee in Turkey were evaluated within the scope of transportation investments. Realization of large infrastructure investments, as in the field of transportation, requires a significant amount of financial resource accumulation as well as high technology. As in other developing countries, the search for alternative sources has come to the fore due to the limited opportunities to make these investments in Turkey. Among the Public Private Partnership models, the Build Operate Transfer model has also become a project financing method, which has been developed against these difficulties and is increasingly used. In the Build Operate Transfer model, it is aimed to reduce the financial burden of the public, to increase the share of the private sector in investments, and to make service delivery more effective. This financing model finds application in transportation investments that require serious financing. In recent years, it has been preferred by the General Directorate of Highways in the construction and operation of transportation investments. In the study, the Build Operate Transfer model has been comprehensively discussed and the application possibilities in the field of transportation have been evaluated. In the study, Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge and Northern Marmara Motorway, Istanbul Airport and Gebze Izmir Motorway projects, which were realized with the treasury guaranteed Build Operate Transfer model and were selected as examples, were examined. As a result, it has been seen that some financial, social and political risks are encountered during the construction phase of the projects examined in the study and realized with the Build Operate Transfer model. However, it has been determined that the projects may also contribute to the country during the operation phase.
In this study, Build-Operate-Transfer projects with treasury guarantee in Turkey were evaluated within the scope of transportation investments. Realization of large infrastructure investments, as in the field of transportation, requires a significant amount of financial resource accumulation as well as high technology. As in other developing countries, the search for alternative sources has come to the fore due to the limited opportunities to make these investments in Turkey. Among the Public Private Partnership models, the Build Operate Transfer model has also become a project financing method, which has been developed against these difficulties and is increasingly used. In the Build Operate Transfer model, it is aimed to reduce the financial burden of the public, to increase the share of the private sector in investments, and to make service delivery more effective. This financing model finds application in transportation investments that require serious financing. In recent years, it has been preferred by the General Directorate of Highways in the construction and operation of transportation investments. In the study, the Build Operate Transfer model has been comprehensively discussed and the application possibilities in the field of transportation have been evaluated. In the study, Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge and Northern Marmara Motorway, Istanbul Airport and Gebze Izmir Motorway projects, which were realized with the treasury guaranteed Build Operate Transfer model and were selected as examples, were examined. As a result, it has been seen that some financial, social and political risks are encountered during the construction phase of the projects examined in the study and realized with the Build Operate Transfer model. However, it has been determined that the projects may also contribute to the country during the operation phase.
Description
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Maliye Ana Bilim Dalı
Keywords
Maliye, Finance
