Farklı uygulamaların acıbaklanın besin madde özellikleri üzerine etkileri ve kanatlı beslemede kullanım olanakları
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Date
2023
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Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Kanatlı rasyonlarında yer alması gereken protein kaynaklarının üretiminde son yıllarda artış gösteren maliyetler başta Avrupa ülkeleri olmak üzere tüm dünyada, bitkisel protein kaynağı olan soya fasulyesine alternatif olabilecek kaynaklara yöneltmiştir. Bu alternatiflerden en dikkat çekeni, ülkemiz topraklarında yetişebilen bir baklagil olan, protein bakımından zengin acıbakladır. Kanatlı hayvan beslemesinde acıbakla kullanımını kısıtlayan en önemli etken, içeriğindeki quinolizidin grubu alkaloidlerdir. Bu çalışmada, ak ve mavi acıbakla tohumlarına farklı işlemler (2 gün çimlendirme, otoklavda 130 oC'de 20 dakika ısıl işlem) uygulanmış ve çiğ taneler ile aralarındaki besin madde farklılıkları saptanmıştır. Besin madde içeriklerinin analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde, ak acıbaklanın muamele gruplarının tümünde en yüksek ham protein değerleri ve en düşük nişasta değerleri saptanmıştır (P<0,01). En yüksek ham yağ değeri, otoklavlanmış ak acıbakla tanelerinde görülmüştür. Ayrıca, metabolize olabilir enerji sonuçları bakımından da en yüksek değerler çimlendirilmiş ve otoklavlanmış ak acıbakla tanelerinde saptanmıştır. Nötral çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif bakımından çiğ ve çimlendirilmiş, asit çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif değerlerinde otoklavlanmış, asit çözücülerde çözünmeyen lignin, toplam şeker ve viskozite analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde ise çimlendirilmiş mavi acıbakla tanelerinde en yüksek değerler gözlenmiştir (P<0,01). Toplam Quinolizidin alkaloidleri (QA), çiğ haldeki ak acıbakla tanelerinde >1,943 mg/g, çimlendirme ve otoklavlama işlemleri uygulanan tanelerde ise >1,800 mg/g olarak saptanmıştır. Çiğ mavi acıbakla tanelerinin toplam QA değeri 0,894 mg/g bulunurken, çimlendirme işlemi uygulananlarda 0,609±0,2436 mg/g; otoklavlama işlemi görenlerde ise 0,705±0,282 mg/g bulunmuştur. Toplam alkaloid analiz sonuçları da QA alkaloid sonuçlarına benzerlik göstermiş ve ak acıbakla tanelerinin çiğ halinde en yüksek (5,080g/100g), mavi acıbaklanın ise çimlendirilmiş halinde en düşük (0,960g/100g) olarak saptanmıştır (P<0,01). Bu çalışma ile acıbakla çeşidinin, uygulanan işlemlerin ve bunların interaksiyonlarının, tanelerin besin madde içerikleri ve alkaloid değerleri üzerinde etkili olduğu gözlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Acıbakla, kanatlı besleme, quinolizidin alkaloidleri, çimlendirme, otoklavlama, antioksidan
The increasing costs in the production of protein sources that should be included in poultry rations in recent years have led to alternative sources to soybean meal, a source of vegetable protein, all over the world, notably in European countries. The most remarkable of these alternatives are lupines, a legume that can grow on the soil of our country and are rich in protein. The most important factor restricting the use of lupines in poultry feeding is the quinolizidine group alkaloids in its content. In this study, different processes (germination for 2 days, heat treatment for 20 minutes at 130 oC in autoclave) were applied to white and blue lupine seeds, and nutrient differences between them and raw grains were determined. According to the nutrient analysis results, the highest crude protein values and the lowest starch values were determined in all treatment groups of white lupine (P<0.01). The highest ether extract value was seen in autoclaved white lupine seeds. Additionally, the highest values in metabolizable energy results were determined in germinated and autoclaved white lupine seeds. The highest values of neutral detergent fiber analysis were observed in raw and germinated blue lupine seeds, the highest acid detergent fiber value was found in autoclaved blue lupin seeds. Also, the highest values of acid detergent lignin, total sugar, and viscosity analysis were seen in germinated blue lupine groups (P<0.01). Total Quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) were found to be >1.943 mg/g in raw white lupine seeds and >1.800 mg/g in germinated and autoclaved seeds. While the total QA value of raw blue lupine grains was 0.894 mg/g, it was found 0.609±0.2436 mg/g in germination-treated ones and 0.705±0.282 mg/g in autoclaved ones. The total alkaloid analysis results were similar to the QA alkaloid results, and the highest in raw white lupine seeds (5.080g/100g) and the lowest in germinated blue lupine seeds (0.960g/100g) were determined (P<0.01). In the study, it was concluded that the lupine cultivar, the applied processes, and their interactions were effective on the nutrient contents and alkaloid values of the seeds. Keywords: Lupine, poultry nutrition, quinolizidine alkaloids, germination, autoclaving, antioxidant
The increasing costs in the production of protein sources that should be included in poultry rations in recent years have led to alternative sources to soybean meal, a source of vegetable protein, all over the world, notably in European countries. The most remarkable of these alternatives are lupines, a legume that can grow on the soil of our country and are rich in protein. The most important factor restricting the use of lupines in poultry feeding is the quinolizidine group alkaloids in its content. In this study, different processes (germination for 2 days, heat treatment for 20 minutes at 130 oC in autoclave) were applied to white and blue lupine seeds, and nutrient differences between them and raw grains were determined. According to the nutrient analysis results, the highest crude protein values and the lowest starch values were determined in all treatment groups of white lupine (P<0.01). The highest ether extract value was seen in autoclaved white lupine seeds. Additionally, the highest values in metabolizable energy results were determined in germinated and autoclaved white lupine seeds. The highest values of neutral detergent fiber analysis were observed in raw and germinated blue lupine seeds, the highest acid detergent fiber value was found in autoclaved blue lupin seeds. Also, the highest values of acid detergent lignin, total sugar, and viscosity analysis were seen in germinated blue lupine groups (P<0.01). Total Quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) were found to be >1.943 mg/g in raw white lupine seeds and >1.800 mg/g in germinated and autoclaved seeds. While the total QA value of raw blue lupine grains was 0.894 mg/g, it was found 0.609±0.2436 mg/g in germination-treated ones and 0.705±0.282 mg/g in autoclaved ones. The total alkaloid analysis results were similar to the QA alkaloid results, and the highest in raw white lupine seeds (5.080g/100g) and the lowest in germinated blue lupine seeds (0.960g/100g) were determined (P<0.01). In the study, it was concluded that the lupine cultivar, the applied processes, and their interactions were effective on the nutrient contents and alkaloid values of the seeds. Keywords: Lupine, poultry nutrition, quinolizidine alkaloids, germination, autoclaving, antioxidant
Description
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zootekni Ana Bilim Dalı, Zootekni Bilim Dalı
Keywords
Gıda Mühendisliği, Food Engineering ; Ziraat
