Kanserin Ayırt Edici Özelliklerinde Kodlanmayan RNA'ların Rolü: Güncel Bir Bakış
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Date
2020
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Access Rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Kanser, genomda meydana gelen bir seri bozukluklar sonucu ortaya çıkan ciddi bir genetik hastalıktır. Yüksek verimli yeni nesil dizileme teknolojilerinin geliştirilmesi ve büyük ölçekli projelerin verilerinin yayınlanması farklı kanser türlerinde değişik ifade profili gösteren birçok kodlanmayan RNA (ncRNA) molekülünün tespit edilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Uzun kodlanmayan RNA (lncRNA) ve mikroRNA (miRNA) gibi ncRNA transkriptlerinin kanserin oluşumunda ve ilerlemesinde kritik rollerinin olduğu ve kanser tanısında/tedavisinde kullanılabilir olduğu bildirilmiştir. Özellikle, miRNA’lar gen ifadesini post-transkripsiyonel seviyede kontrol eden ve kanserin önemli ayırt edici özellikleri olan metastaz, invazyon, hücre çoğalması, farklılaşması, anjiyogenez gibi önemli süreçlerde kritik rolleri olduğu bilinen küçük RNA molekülleridir. Benzer şekilde, lncRNA’lar da kanserin moleküler mekanizmasının aydınlatılmasında önemli yeri olan RNA transkriptleri olarak tanımlanmışlardır. Dolayısıyla, bu kapsamlı derlemede miRNA, lncRNA, T-UCR gibi protein kodlama kapasitesi olmayan ancak işlevsel olan ncRNA’lar ile kanserin ayırt edici özellikleri güncel bir bakış açısı ile ele alınmıştır.
Cancer is a serious genetic disease caused by a series of disorders in the genome. Development of high-troughput sequencing approaches as well as the publication of large-scale projects have enabled the identification of several non-coding RNA molecules that are differentially expressed in various types of cancer. It has been reported that ncRNA transcripts such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have critical roles in the development and progression of cancer and can be used in the diagnosis/treatment of cancer. In particular, miRNAs are small RNA molecules which control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play critical roles in the important hallmark capabilities of cancers such as metastasis, invasion, cell proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Similarly, lncRNAs have also been identified as RNA transcripts that have important roles in the understanding of the molecular mechanism of cancer. Accordingly, in this comprehensive review, functional ncRNA molecules without protein coding capacity such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and T-UCRs and the hallmarks of cancer were discussed together with a current perspective.
Cancer is a serious genetic disease caused by a series of disorders in the genome. Development of high-troughput sequencing approaches as well as the publication of large-scale projects have enabled the identification of several non-coding RNA molecules that are differentially expressed in various types of cancer. It has been reported that ncRNA transcripts such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have critical roles in the development and progression of cancer and can be used in the diagnosis/treatment of cancer. In particular, miRNAs are small RNA molecules which control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play critical roles in the important hallmark capabilities of cancers such as metastasis, invasion, cell proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Similarly, lncRNAs have also been identified as RNA transcripts that have important roles in the understanding of the molecular mechanism of cancer. Accordingly, in this comprehensive review, functional ncRNA molecules without protein coding capacity such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and T-UCRs and the hallmarks of cancer were discussed together with a current perspective.
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36
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4
