MicroRNAs in cancer management
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules of 19- 25 nucleotides in length. miRNAs' main function is the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression through messenger RNA (mRNA) repression or degradation by binding to 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNAs. More than 60% of human proteincoding genes contain miRNA-binding regions within their 3' UTRs. miRNA-mRNA interactions are mediated by a 6 to 8 nucleotide long seed sequence in the miRNA 5' end. miRNAs can target different mRNAs. miRNAs have been linked to the etiology, initiation, progression, and prognosis of all kinds of human cancers. Experimental evidence showed that dysregulated miRNAs affect the hallmarks of malignant cells including, self-sufficiency in growth signals, evading apoptosis, sustaining proliferative signals, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion, and metastases. miRNAs can have oncogenic or tumor suppressive function in the majority of cancers. Tumor suppressor miRNAs target cellular oncogenes and are downregulated in cancer. Oncogenic miRNAs regulate tumor suppressor genes and are overexpressed in cancer. Numerous human miRNA genes are located at fragile sites or in genomic regions that are deleted, amplified or translocated in cancer. miRNA expression is dysregulated in human malignancies through various mechanisms, containing miRNA gene amplification or deletion, aberrant transcriptional control of miRNAs, epigenetic alterations and defects in the miRNA biogenesis machinery. In addition to genomic alterations, dysregulated miRNA expression could be due to alterations in tumor suppressor or oncogenic transcription factors that function as transcriptional activators or repressors to control pri-miRNA transcription, such as c-myc and p53. Genome-wide profiling studies revealed that miRNA expression signatures are related with tumor type, tumor grade and clinical outcomes, so miRNAs could be potential candidates for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and development of therapeutic strategies. © 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Breast, Cancer, Colorectal, Lung, MiRNAs, Prostate
Kaynak
Research on New Generation Tumor Markers
