Kur’ân’ın Anlatım Üslubu
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Tarih
2016
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hz. Muhammed’e peygamberlik görevi verildiğinde Mekke aristokratları, sosyal statülerini, toplumun fertleri üzerinde kurdukları otoriteyi ve Kâbe’deki putlar sayesinde elde ettikleri geliri kaybetme korkusu gibi nedenlerle onun davetine icabet etmediler. Onu deli, şair, sihirbaz ve sihre tutulmuş olmakla itham ettiler. Hz. Muhammed’in Kur’ân’ı uydurarak Allah’a nispet ettiğini ya da birilerinin ona bunları öğrettiğini iddia ettiler. Ancak ileri sürdükleri bu mazeretler kendilerini de tatmin etmedi. Zira onda herhangi bir delilik emaresi göremedikleri gibi içlerinde yaşadığı kırk yıl boyunca asla yalan söylediğine de şahit olmamışlardı. Üstelik Kur’ân, müşriklerin önde gelen liderlerinden Arap edebiyatına vâkıf olan Velîd b. Muğîre, Lebîd, A’şâ ve Ka’b b. Züheyr’in de itiraf ettiği üzere şiir, kaside ya da nesir gibi bilinen edebî türlerin hiç birine benzemiyordu. Bu nedenle Arap dilcileri, bu konuda kendilerine meydan okumasına rağmen Kur’ân’ın bir benzerini, hatta tek bir suresinin benzerini getiremiyorlardı. Kur’ân, nazmı, insicamı (ayetleri ve sureleri arasındaki uyumu), önceki ümmetlere yönelik anlattığı kıssalar, gaybı haber vermesi, verdiği bilgilerin doğru çıkması vb. yönlerden onları aciz bırakıyordu. Onun i‘caz yönlerinden biri de anlatım üslubundaki eşsizliktir. Makalede Kur’ân’ın anlatım üslubu farklı veçheleriyle ortaya konulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda mana-lafız uygunluğu, konuma ve muhataba uygunluk, aynı anda farklı seviyedeki insanlara hitap edebilme, aklı ve hisleri birlikte gözetme, duruma göre tafsilatlı ve öz anlatımı kullanma özelliği örneklerle açıklanmaktadır.
When the Qur'an began to reveal to Muhammad by given prophetic mission, Mecca aristocrats did not respond to his invitation for the reasons such as fear of losing their social status, established authority over society members, and their income through idols in the Kaaba. Mecca aristocrats accused him of being crazy, poet, magician, and affected with sorcery. They claimed that God didn’t reveal anything to him but he fabricated the Qur'an out of spite or someone had taught to him, however, these accusations did not satisfythemselves. Muhammad was showing no signs of madness. Besides, they did not witness that he lied to them during the 40 years that they lived together. Moreover, the Qur'an was not like any literary genres known as poetry or prose. As the prominent leaders of the polytheists, Walid ibn al-Mughirah, Lebîd, Ashaa, Ka’b bin az-Zuheyr who is an expert in Arabic literature, also confessed that the Qur'an was not like any other literary genres known as poetry or prose. Even though Arab linguists were challenged to produce alike of the Qur'an, they didn’t even bring an equivalent chapter of it. Qur’an left them helpless with regard to structure, coherence (the harmony between the verses and chapters), information of the unseen, providing accurate information and so on. One of Quran’s brevities is its uniqueness in the aspect the narrative style. This article examines the narrative style of the Qur'an and it presents different aspects. Compliance of the word and its meaning in the sentences, addressee and location suitability, characteristics of appealing and satisfying all people (scholar-illiterate, city dwellers-peasants, men and women) at the same time, ability of observing intelligence and feelings together, and capability to use both elaborate and self-expression depends on situation will be illustrated by examples.
When the Qur'an began to reveal to Muhammad by given prophetic mission, Mecca aristocrats did not respond to his invitation for the reasons such as fear of losing their social status, established authority over society members, and their income through idols in the Kaaba. Mecca aristocrats accused him of being crazy, poet, magician, and affected with sorcery. They claimed that God didn’t reveal anything to him but he fabricated the Qur'an out of spite or someone had taught to him, however, these accusations did not satisfythemselves. Muhammad was showing no signs of madness. Besides, they did not witness that he lied to them during the 40 years that they lived together. Moreover, the Qur'an was not like any literary genres known as poetry or prose. As the prominent leaders of the polytheists, Walid ibn al-Mughirah, Lebîd, Ashaa, Ka’b bin az-Zuheyr who is an expert in Arabic literature, also confessed that the Qur'an was not like any other literary genres known as poetry or prose. Even though Arab linguists were challenged to produce alike of the Qur'an, they didn’t even bring an equivalent chapter of it. Qur’an left them helpless with regard to structure, coherence (the harmony between the verses and chapters), information of the unseen, providing accurate information and so on. One of Quran’s brevities is its uniqueness in the aspect the narrative style. This article examines the narrative style of the Qur'an and it presents different aspects. Compliance of the word and its meaning in the sentences, addressee and location suitability, characteristics of appealing and satisfying all people (scholar-illiterate, city dwellers-peasants, men and women) at the same time, ability of observing intelligence and feelings together, and capability to use both elaborate and self-expression depends on situation will be illustrated by examples.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Qur’an, style, style of Qur’an, harmony, expression, inimitable, Kur’ân, üslup, üslûbu’l-Kur’ân, uyum, anlatım, icaz.
Kaynak
Tasavvur / Tekirdağ İlahiyat Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
2
Sayı
1
