Trakya bölgesinde badem (Prunus dulcis) ağaçlarında görülen virüs hastalıklarının saptanması
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2012
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türkiye’de tatlı badem (Prunus dulcis Mill.) çağlası ve içi sevilerek tüketilen sert kabuklu bir meyve türüdür. Siyanürik asit içeren acı badem (Prunus amara L.) ise badem yağı hammaddesi için üretilen kabuklu bir meyve türüdür. Türkiye 39 000 ton/yıl badem üretimi ile Dünya’da sekizinci sırada yer almış olmasına rağmen badem ihtiyacını karşılayamamakta ve iç badem ithalatında bulunmaktadır. Türkiye ekolojisi badem üretimi için büyük bir potansiyel içermektedir ve ülkemiz bu değerli meyve türünde iddialı bir konuma gelecek durumdadır. Badem Edirne, Kırklareli ve Tekirdağ illerini kapsayan Trakya Bölgesi’nde kapama bahçeler ve plantasyonlar halinde üretilmektedir ve üretimi de teşvik edilmektedir. Ancak bademde verimi ve kaliteyi olumsuz yönde etkileyen bazı virüs hastalıkları bulunmaktadır. Bu virüs hastalıklarını saptamak amacıyla, 2010 yılında Trakya Bölgesi’nin Edirne, Kırklareli ve Tekirdağ illerine bağlı 10 ilçede, 158 çiçek ve 260 adet yaprak örneğinin toplandığı sürveyler yapılmıştır. Sürvey alanından toplanan toplam 418 bitki örneğinde, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testleri ve Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testleri ile Plum pox virus (PPV), Prunus necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV) ve Prune dwarf virus (PDV) virüslerinin tanıları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Serolojik ve moleküler testler sonucunda Trakya Bölgesi’ndeki badem ağaçlarının % 31,15 oranında Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), % 4,23 Prune dwarf virus (PDV) ve % 2,31 ise Plum pox virus (PPV) ile enfekteli oldukları saptanmıştır. Toplam olarak Trakya Bölgesinde bu çalışma ile 260 yaprak örneğinden % 38,84’ü virüslerle enfekteli bulunmuştur. Türkiye’deki badem ağaçlarında PPV’nün hem yaprak hem çiçek örneğinde bulunuşu ilk defa bu çalışma ile kanıtlanmıştır.
Almond Prunus dulcis is well known one of the stone fruit species consumed as unripe fruit and delicious seed in Turkey. Prunus amara bitter almond which contain cyanuric acid was also pruduced as the raw material of almond oil. With her 39.000 tones of annual production Turkey is the eighth almond producer in the World. This yield however can not meet the demand of consumers. So Turkey has imported almond seed every year. As a matter of fact ecological condition in Turkey is very suitable for almond production and has a great potential to establish orchards and plantations which will make Turkey as the top producer of almond. Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ provinces of Trakya Region is also suitable for the establishment of orchards and plantations to grow almond with active support of Turkish Government. On the other hand there are some prevailing virus diseases on almond which reduce yield and quality. Main objective of this project is to identify those viruses. Studies and investigations on almond viruses were initiated in 2009 and continued by collecting 158 flower and 260 leaf samples from almond trees in 10 districts of Trakya Region in 2010. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests were applied and viruses were identified. As a result of these studies 31.15 % Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), 5.38 % Prune dwarf virus (PDV) and 2.31 % Plum pox virus (PPV) were identified on almond trees in Trakya Region. Finally 38.84 % of 260 leaf samples were found infected with viruses in Trakya Region. Another result of this study is the identification of PPV on flowers and leaf samples collected from almond trees which is the first report of the presence of this virus in Turkey.
Almond Prunus dulcis is well known one of the stone fruit species consumed as unripe fruit and delicious seed in Turkey. Prunus amara bitter almond which contain cyanuric acid was also pruduced as the raw material of almond oil. With her 39.000 tones of annual production Turkey is the eighth almond producer in the World. This yield however can not meet the demand of consumers. So Turkey has imported almond seed every year. As a matter of fact ecological condition in Turkey is very suitable for almond production and has a great potential to establish orchards and plantations which will make Turkey as the top producer of almond. Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ provinces of Trakya Region is also suitable for the establishment of orchards and plantations to grow almond with active support of Turkish Government. On the other hand there are some prevailing virus diseases on almond which reduce yield and quality. Main objective of this project is to identify those viruses. Studies and investigations on almond viruses were initiated in 2009 and continued by collecting 158 flower and 260 leaf samples from almond trees in 10 districts of Trakya Region in 2010. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests were applied and viruses were identified. As a result of these studies 31.15 % Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), 5.38 % Prune dwarf virus (PDV) and 2.31 % Plum pox virus (PPV) were identified on almond trees in Trakya Region. Finally 38.84 % of 260 leaf samples were found infected with viruses in Trakya Region. Another result of this study is the identification of PPV on flowers and leaf samples collected from almond trees which is the first report of the presence of this virus in Turkey.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Prunus dulcis, PPV, PNRSV, PDV, ELISA, RT-PCR
