ANADOLU’DA ANA TANRIÇA KYBELE KÜLTÜ
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Tarih
2016
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
M.Ö. 7000’lerden Hristiyanlığın ortaya çıkışına kadar geçen süreçte Anadolu’da, farklı adlarla anılsa da sembolleri ve ritüelleri ile aynı dişi ilahi varlığa tapınıldığını gösteren çok çeşitli kanıtlar bulunmaktadır. Ana Tanrıça Kültü ile ilişkilendirilen Neolitik Devir buluntuları Doğu Anadolu’da Çayönü, İç Anadolu’da Çatalhöyük ve Hacılar kazılarında ele geçirilmiştir. Tunç Devri’nin en önemli uygarlığı olan Hititler, bin tanrılı Panteon’ları içerisinde en çok değer verdikleri tanrıçayı Ana Tanrıça ile özdeşleştirmişlerdir. Demir Devri’nin Geç Hitit ve Urartu Krallıkları’nda da izleri görülen Ana Tanrıça’ya aynı devirde Frigya’da “Mater/Ana” sıfatı verilmiş ve karakteristik nitelikleri oluşturulmuştur. Hellenistik Devir’de İç Batı Anadolu uygarlıkları ile kurulan ilişkiler, Batı Anadolu’da İyonya birliğine dahil olan Miletos, Smyrna gibi Yunan kentlerinde kültün devam ettirilmesine neden olmuştur. Ana Tanrıça’ya dair tek söylence olan Kybele ile Attis söylencesi, Hellenistik Devir’de ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu söylence, ilahi varlığın Yunan Panteonu’na girişiyle beraber O’na atfedilen bazı niteliklerin uğradığı değişimi göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Farklı adlar ve sıfatlarla anılsa da Ana Tanrıça’ya tapınım Anadolu’nun farklı devir ve uygarlıklarında daima en üst sıralarda yer alarak şaşırtıcı bir süreklilik göstermiştir. Antik yazarların eserlerinde sıkça dile getirdikleri Ana Tanrıça Kybele Kültü, 20. yüzyıldan itibaren arkeolojinin yanı sıra dinler tarihi, dilbilim, psikoloji ve felsefe gibi alanlarda disiplinler arası bir ilgi uyandırmış ve pek çok bilimsel araştırmaya konu olmuştur.
There is a variety of evidences that a simple female divine was worshipped with certain symbols and rituals, although she was called by different names during the period from 7000 B.C. until the emergence of Christianity in Anatolia. The Neolithic Age findings related to Mother Goddess Cult were obtained in Eastern Anatolia at Çayönü and in Central Anatolia at Çatalhöyük and Hacılar excavations. Hittites constitute the most important Bronze Age civilization that identified the Mother Goddess with their most valuable goddess in their Pantheon of Thousand Gods. Mother Goddess whose signs are seen also in Hittite and Urartu Kingdoms of Late Iron Age, was given the title of "Mater / Mother" and her characteristic features were created in Phrygia during the same period. During the Hellenistic Period relationships with the Inner Western Anatolian civilizations including the Greek cities of the Ionian Union like Miletus and Smyrna made the continuation of the cult possible. “Cybele and Attis”, which is the only myth about the Goddess Cybele, emerged in the Hellenistic Period. This myth is important to show the change in some of the qualities attributed to the divine presence with the introduction of the Greek Pantheon. Despite her different names and qualities, Mother Goddess worship showed a surprising continuity by taking place always at the top in different eras and civilizations in Anatolia. Mother Goddess Cybele Cult which was expressed frequently in the works of ancient authors, has aroused an interest in interdisciplinary areas, such as history of religion, linguistics, psychology and philosophy besides archaeology, and has been the subject of too many scientific researches since the 20th century.
There is a variety of evidences that a simple female divine was worshipped with certain symbols and rituals, although she was called by different names during the period from 7000 B.C. until the emergence of Christianity in Anatolia. The Neolithic Age findings related to Mother Goddess Cult were obtained in Eastern Anatolia at Çayönü and in Central Anatolia at Çatalhöyük and Hacılar excavations. Hittites constitute the most important Bronze Age civilization that identified the Mother Goddess with their most valuable goddess in their Pantheon of Thousand Gods. Mother Goddess whose signs are seen also in Hittite and Urartu Kingdoms of Late Iron Age, was given the title of "Mater / Mother" and her characteristic features were created in Phrygia during the same period. During the Hellenistic Period relationships with the Inner Western Anatolian civilizations including the Greek cities of the Ionian Union like Miletus and Smyrna made the continuation of the cult possible. “Cybele and Attis”, which is the only myth about the Goddess Cybele, emerged in the Hellenistic Period. This myth is important to show the change in some of the qualities attributed to the divine presence with the introduction of the Greek Pantheon. Despite her different names and qualities, Mother Goddess worship showed a surprising continuity by taking place always at the top in different eras and civilizations in Anatolia. Mother Goddess Cybele Cult which was expressed frequently in the works of ancient authors, has aroused an interest in interdisciplinary areas, such as history of religion, linguistics, psychology and philosophy besides archaeology, and has been the subject of too many scientific researches since the 20th century.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Anadolu, Ana Tanrıça, Kült, Kybele, Anatolia, Mother Goddess, Cult, Cybele
Kaynak
HUMANITAS - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
4
Sayı
7
