Bursa Eski Kaplıca: Mimar Ve Yapının Orijini Meselesi
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Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bursa Eski Kaplıca’nın kesin inşa tarihini ortaya koyan her hangi bir belge bulunmamakla birlikte gerek Osmanlı kronikleri, gerekse arşiv belgelerinde yer alan bilgiler yapının I. Murad döneminde inşa edilmiş olduğunu ortaya koyar. Bursa Eski Kaplıca’nın “Yıldızvari Sıcaklıklı Tip” olarak tanımlanan ve antik dönem hamamları ile ilişkilendirilen sekizgen planlı sıcaklık bölümünün dört köşesinde yer alan yanm daire nişlerden ibaret mekan düzeninin öncül örnekleri Roma ve Geç Antik dönem Hamamlarında karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu plan şeması Roma Mauseliumları ile 6. yüzyıl Bizans vaftizhaneleri ve bazı kiliselerde de tercih edilmiştir. Söz konusu plan tipi ile yapının cephe düzeni ve malzeme teknik detaylarında karşımıza çıkan Geç Dönem Bizans Mimarisi’nde yaygın kullanımı gözlenen bazı unsurlar, Bursa Eski Kaplıca’nın özellikle yapıyı gören Avrupalı seyyahlar tarafından bir Bizans yapısı olarak tanıtılmasına sebep olmuş, bazı araştırmacılar seyyahlarla aynı görüşü savunmuş; bazı araştırmacılar ise kaplıcanın Türk mimar ve ustalar tarafından inşa edildiği yönünde görüş bildirmişlerdir. Çok sayıda yayında değinilen bir yapı olmasına karşın Eski Kaplıca monografik bir çalışmaya konu olmamış, yapıya dair belge ve bilgiler kapsamlı bir değerlendirmede ele alınmamıştır. Yapının mimarı ve orijini hususunda ise farklı görüşler güncelliğini korumakta, bir fikir birliğine varılmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu makalede yapınıntarihlendirilmesine dair yeni bazı tespitler ile birlikte, esas olarak yapının orijini ve miman konusu ele alınarak değerlendirilecektir.
Although there is no document indicating the accurate construction year of the Bursa Old Thermal Spring, Ottoman chronicles and archive documents have revealed that the structure was built during the reign of Murad I. The previous samples of the space layout, involving the semi-circle niche, located at the four corners of the heat section with an octagon plan and related with the ancient baths of the Bursa Old Thermal Spring are also observed in the Roman and Late Ancient Period Thermal Springs. It could therefore be understood that the pattern o f the plan in question was followed during the constructions of the Roman Mausoleums, Byzantine Baptisteries and various churches in the 6th century. Some factors, which are seen commonly in the Late Period Byzantine Architecture, observed in the facade layout and material technical details of the structure and plan type, have led the European travelers to introduce the Bursa Old Thermal Spring 4 as a Byzantine structure and some researchers even expressed the _ same opinions as the travelers in their publications; and some researchers also presented that thermal spring was built by the Turkish architects and craftsmen. Even though the Old Thermal Spring was mentioned in quite a lot of publications, there was no monograph on it and documents as well as information regarding the structure have not been evaluated comprehensively to date. There are still different opinions regarding the architect and origin of the building, and there is no consensus about it. This paper will mainly address the origin and architect of the building together with the current assessments regarding the date of the building.
Although there is no document indicating the accurate construction year of the Bursa Old Thermal Spring, Ottoman chronicles and archive documents have revealed that the structure was built during the reign of Murad I. The previous samples of the space layout, involving the semi-circle niche, located at the four corners of the heat section with an octagon plan and related with the ancient baths of the Bursa Old Thermal Spring are also observed in the Roman and Late Ancient Period Thermal Springs. It could therefore be understood that the pattern o f the plan in question was followed during the constructions of the Roman Mausoleums, Byzantine Baptisteries and various churches in the 6th century. Some factors, which are seen commonly in the Late Period Byzantine Architecture, observed in the facade layout and material technical details of the structure and plan type, have led the European travelers to introduce the Bursa Old Thermal Spring 4 as a Byzantine structure and some researchers even expressed the _ same opinions as the travelers in their publications; and some researchers also presented that thermal spring was built by the Turkish architects and craftsmen. Even though the Old Thermal Spring was mentioned in quite a lot of publications, there was no monograph on it and documents as well as information regarding the structure have not been evaluated comprehensively to date. There are still different opinions regarding the architect and origin of the building, and there is no consensus about it. This paper will mainly address the origin and architect of the building together with the current assessments regarding the date of the building.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mimari, Bursa, Kaplıca, I. Murad, Early Ottoman, Architecture, Bursa, Thermal Spring, Murad I., Erken Osmanlı
Kaynak
Anadolu Ve Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
1
Sayı
2
