Sağlık çalışanlarında İnsan Papilloma Virüsü farkındalık düzeyi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Serviks kanseri Türkiye'de ve tüm dünyada kadınları tehdit eden bir sorundur. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü verilerine göre yaklaşık her yıl 600000 yeni vaka bildirilmekte olup, 15 yaş üzeri kadınlarda en mortal 3. kanser olarak görülmektedir. Hastalığın patogenezine bakıldığında yaklaşık %95 oranında İnsan Papilloma virüsünün olduğu görülmüştür. İnsan Papilloma virüsü aynı zamanda her iki cinste de orofaringeal ve anogenital bölgenin kanserlerinden büyük oranda sorumlu tutulmaktadır. Virüsün en sık cinsel yolla temas ile bulaştırıldığı gösterilmiştir. Bu bağlamda cinsel olarak aktif kadın ve erkekler, %80 gibi yüksek bir oranda hayatlarının bir döneminde HPV ile enfekte olmaktadır. Virüs konaktan kaçış mekanizmaları ve vireminin az olması gibi nedenlerle immün sistem tarafından geç tanınır. Bu nedenle konak cevabı geç gelişir, immünite geç oluşur. Bu durum uzun süre immüniteden kaçan virüsün yıllar sonra klinik bulgu vermesine neden olarak gösterilebilir. HPV aşıları konak sisteminin gecikmiş cevabını önlemek için virüsü konağın immün sistemine tanıtmayı amaçlamaktadır. Virüsün kapsid proteinini taklit eden aşı belirli HPV tiplerini konağa tanıtmaktadır. Bu amaçla üç adet HPV aşısı piyasaya tanıtılmıştır. Aşılar içerdikleri HPV alt tiplerine göre bivalan, kuadrivalan ve nonvalan olmak üzere üç çeşit olarak piyasada mevcut olarak bulunabilir. Aşılar hem erkek hem kız cinsiyette önerilmektedir. Aşılar 9-14 yaş aralığında 2 doz olarak (iki doz arasında en az 6 ay olmalı), 15 yaş ve üzerinde 3 doz olarak uygulanır. Dozlar arası 12-15 aydan uzun tutulmamalıdır. Çalışmamızda sağlık çalışanlarında, her iki cinsiyette de büyük öneme sahip olan ancak ulusal aşı programımızda olmayan aşının, bilgi düzeyini ve bu konudaki tutum ve davranışlarını görmeyi amaçladık. Çalışmamız Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesinde görev alan 18 – 65 yaş aralığında olan %24,5'i (n=62) erkek, %75,5'i (n=191) kadın olmak üzere toplam 253 katılımcı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılmayı onaylayan herkese internet üzerinden anket yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya 18 yaşından küçük ve 65 yaşından büyük olanlar, sağlık sektörü dışında çalışanlar ve gönüllü olmayanlar dahil edilmemiştir. Çalışmamıza katılan kişilerin demografik verileri, HPV virüsü ve serviks kanseri hakkındaki bilgileri ve HPV aşısı hakkındaki bilgi ve tutumlarına yönelik sorular soruldu. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde demografik verilerin HPV aşısı yaptırma durumuna göre anlamlı fark göstermediği, sağlık kontrollerine düzenli giden katılımcıların aşılanma oranının düzenli kontrollere gitmeyen gruba oranla daha fazla olduğu, HPV aşısı yaptırmış katılımcıların enfeksiyon hakkındaki bilgi düzeyi, aşılanmamış katılımcılardan daha yüksek olarak görülmüştür. Bu nedenle HPV aşısı bilgi tutum ve davranışları geliştirmek aşının kabul edilebilirliğini ve uygulamasını arttıracaktır.
Cervical cancer is a problem that threatens women in Turkey and all over the world. According to the data of the World Health Organization, approximately 600000 new cases are reported every year, and it is seen as the 3rd most mortal cancer in women over the age of 15. Considering the pathogenesis of the disease, it has been observed that approximately 95% of the human papilloma virus is present. Human Papillomavirus is also largely responsible for cancers of the oropharyngeal and anogenital region in both sexes. It has been shown that the virus is most commonly transmitted by sexual contact. In this context, sexually active women and men are infected with HPV at a high rate of 80% at some point in their lives. The virus is recognized late by the immune system due to reasons such as escape mechanisms from the host and low viremia. Therefore, the host response develops late and immunity occurs late. This situation can be shown as the cause of the virus, which escapes immunity for a long time, to give clinical signs after years. HPV vaccines aim to introduce the virus to the host's immune system to prevent delayed response of the host system. The vaccine, which mimics the capsid protein of the virus, introduces certain HPV types to the host. For this purpose, three HPV vaccines were introduced to the market. There are three types of vaccines available on the market, according to the HPV subtypes they contain, as bivalent, quadrivalent and nonvalent. Vaccinations are recommended for both male and female genders. Vaccines are administered as 2 doses between the ages of 9-14 (at least 6 months between two doses), and as 3 doses at the age of 15 and above. Between doses should not be kept longer than 12-15 months. In our study, we aimed to see the knowledge level and attitudes and behaviors of the vaccine, which is of great importance for both genders but is not in our national vaccination program. Our study was conducted with a total of 253 participants, 24.5% (n=62) male and 75.5% (n=191) female, who were between the ages of 18 and 65, working in Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Medical Faculty Hospital. An online survey was conducted with everyone who agreed to participate in the study. Those younger than 18 and older than 65, those working outside the health sector and non-volunteers were not included in the study. The demographic data of the people participating in our study, their knowledge about the HPV virus and cervical cancer, and their knowledge and attitudes about the HPV vaccine were asked. When the results obtained from the study were examined, it was seen that the demographic data did not show a significant difference according to the HPV vaccination status, the vaccination rate of the participants who regularly went to the health checkups was higher than the group that did not go to the regular checkups, and the level of knowledge about the infection of the participants who had HPV vaccination was higher than the participants who were not vaccinated. Therefore, improving HPV vaccine knowledge, attitudes and behaviors will increase the acceptability and application of the vaccine.
Cervical cancer is a problem that threatens women in Turkey and all over the world. According to the data of the World Health Organization, approximately 600000 new cases are reported every year, and it is seen as the 3rd most mortal cancer in women over the age of 15. Considering the pathogenesis of the disease, it has been observed that approximately 95% of the human papilloma virus is present. Human Papillomavirus is also largely responsible for cancers of the oropharyngeal and anogenital region in both sexes. It has been shown that the virus is most commonly transmitted by sexual contact. In this context, sexually active women and men are infected with HPV at a high rate of 80% at some point in their lives. The virus is recognized late by the immune system due to reasons such as escape mechanisms from the host and low viremia. Therefore, the host response develops late and immunity occurs late. This situation can be shown as the cause of the virus, which escapes immunity for a long time, to give clinical signs after years. HPV vaccines aim to introduce the virus to the host's immune system to prevent delayed response of the host system. The vaccine, which mimics the capsid protein of the virus, introduces certain HPV types to the host. For this purpose, three HPV vaccines were introduced to the market. There are three types of vaccines available on the market, according to the HPV subtypes they contain, as bivalent, quadrivalent and nonvalent. Vaccinations are recommended for both male and female genders. Vaccines are administered as 2 doses between the ages of 9-14 (at least 6 months between two doses), and as 3 doses at the age of 15 and above. Between doses should not be kept longer than 12-15 months. In our study, we aimed to see the knowledge level and attitudes and behaviors of the vaccine, which is of great importance for both genders but is not in our national vaccination program. Our study was conducted with a total of 253 participants, 24.5% (n=62) male and 75.5% (n=191) female, who were between the ages of 18 and 65, working in Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Medical Faculty Hospital. An online survey was conducted with everyone who agreed to participate in the study. Those younger than 18 and older than 65, those working outside the health sector and non-volunteers were not included in the study. The demographic data of the people participating in our study, their knowledge about the HPV virus and cervical cancer, and their knowledge and attitudes about the HPV vaccine were asked. When the results obtained from the study were examined, it was seen that the demographic data did not show a significant difference according to the HPV vaccination status, the vaccination rate of the participants who regularly went to the health checkups was higher than the group that did not go to the regular checkups, and the level of knowledge about the infection of the participants who had HPV vaccination was higher than the participants who were not vaccinated. Therefore, improving HPV vaccine knowledge, attitudes and behaviors will increase the acceptability and application of the vaccine.
Açıklama
Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Child Health and Diseases
