Üretim hat dengelemesinde konfeksiyon sektörüne uygun algoritmaların incelenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada endüstri mühendisliğinde geliştirilmiş olan 8 farklı sezgisel hat dengeleme algoritması ile konfeksiyon sektöründe sıklıkla kullanılan 2 sezgisel hat dengeleme algoritması incelenmiş ve konfeksiyon sektörü için en uygun olan yöntem belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. İki farklı hazır giyim işletmesinde üretilen klasik erkek gömleği ve denim pantolon ürünlerinden toplamda 130 kadar operasyon için istatistiksel olarak %90 güven aralığında veriler toplanmış ve operasyonların standart birim zamanları hesaplanmıştır. İncelenen algoritmalar iki farklı üründe uygulanarak hat dengelemeleri yapılmış ve hat verimlilikleri hesaplanmıştır. Hat verimliliği en yüksek metodun sezgisel artırımlı verimlilik yöntemi, en düşük olanın ise en kısa işlem süresi yöntemi olduğu saptanmıştır. Hat dengeleme sonuçlarında bir işçiye birden fazla operasyon ve makine atandığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak gerçekte konfeksiyon sektöründe çalışan işçiler her türlü dikiş makinasını kullanabilme beceri, ustalık ve isteğe sahip olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle 8 sezgisel algoritmaya işgücü kısıtı oluşturularak yeni algoritmalar geliştirilmiştir. Kısıtlı işçi koşullarında geliştirilen algoritmalar uygulandığında, hat verimliliklerinde %2 ile 21 aralığında düşüşler olmasına rağmen bir işçiye atanan farklı makine sayısı azalmış, atamalar gerçekte uygulanabilir hale getirilmiştir. Geliştirilen algoritmaların iki farklı ürüne uygulanması ile hat verimliliği açısından sezgisel artırımlı verimlilik yönteminin mevcut ürünler için en iyi sonuç verdiği saptanmıştır
In this study, 8 line balancing heuristics which are developed in industrial engineering and 2 line balancing heuristics which are frequently used in the apparel industry were examined and the most suitable method for the apparel industry was tried to be determined. For a total of 130 operations in classic men's shirts and denim trousers, which were produced in two different garment companies, data were gathered statistically at 90% confidence interval and standard unit times of operations were calculated. The examined algorithms were applied in two different products and lines were balanced and line efficiency was calculated. It was determined that the method with the highest line efficiency was the method of the incremental utilization heuristic and the method with the lowest line efficiency was shortest operation time method. In line balancing results, it was determined that more than one operation and machinery were assigned to one worker. In fact, workers working in the apparel industry do not have the ability, skill, and desire to use all kinds of sewing machine. Therefore, new algorithms have been developed by creating labor constraints to 8 heuristic algorithms. When the labor constrained heuristics are applied, although there has been a decrease of 2% to 21% in line efficiency, the number of diverse machines assigned to a worker has decreased and the assignments have actually been more applicable. With the application of the improved algorithms to two different products, it has been determined that the incremental utilization heuristic provides the best results for existing products in terms of line efficiency.
In this study, 8 line balancing heuristics which are developed in industrial engineering and 2 line balancing heuristics which are frequently used in the apparel industry were examined and the most suitable method for the apparel industry was tried to be determined. For a total of 130 operations in classic men's shirts and denim trousers, which were produced in two different garment companies, data were gathered statistically at 90% confidence interval and standard unit times of operations were calculated. The examined algorithms were applied in two different products and lines were balanced and line efficiency was calculated. It was determined that the method with the highest line efficiency was the method of the incremental utilization heuristic and the method with the lowest line efficiency was shortest operation time method. In line balancing results, it was determined that more than one operation and machinery were assigned to one worker. In fact, workers working in the apparel industry do not have the ability, skill, and desire to use all kinds of sewing machine. Therefore, new algorithms have been developed by creating labor constraints to 8 heuristic algorithms. When the labor constrained heuristics are applied, although there has been a decrease of 2% to 21% in line efficiency, the number of diverse machines assigned to a worker has decreased and the assignments have actually been more applicable. With the application of the improved algorithms to two different products, it has been determined that the incremental utilization heuristic provides the best results for existing products in terms of line efficiency.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Konfeksiyon, Verimlilik, Dikimhane, Hat dengeleme, Sezgisel algoritmalar, Apparel industry, Efficiency, Sewing department, Line balancing, Heuristic algorithms
