Bağlarda kurşuni küf hastalığı etmeni (Botrytis cinerea Pers Ex. Fr.)'nin kullanılan fungisitlere karşı duyarlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve kimyasal mücadelesi üzerine araştırmalar
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2007
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
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Yayıncı
Namık Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Trakya Bölgesi ’nden 2004 ve 2005 yıllarında hasat döneminde saraplık ve sofralık üzümlerden izole edilen Botrytis cinerea Pers Ex. Fr. izolatlarının dicarboximide (procymidone), anilinopyrimidine (cyprodinil, pyrimethanil), hydroxyanilide (fenhexamid), imidazole (imazalil), phenylpyrrole (fludioxonil), pthalimide (captan), triazole (hexaconazole, penconazole, tebuconazole, triadimenol, myclobutanil) ’e duyarlılık düzeyleri MM besi ortamında; fungisitlerin patojene etkililiği ise üzüm ve yapraklar üzerinde tespit edilmistir. ?zolatların % 100, % 94.28 ve % 82.85 ’i sırasıyla cyprodinil+fluodioxonil, procymidone ve pyrimethanil ‘e duyarlı olmakla birlikte % 100’ü captan, myclobutanil ve triadimenol ’e dayanıklılık göstermislerdir. Cyprodinil+fludioxonil ’in (Switch 62.5) ticari dozu yaprak ve tane testlerinde bu fungisite duyarlı ve dayanıklı izolatlar üzerinde en etkili fungisit olarak belirlenmistir. Tebuconazole, procymidone ve pyrimethanil ise sadece inokule edilmis taneler üzerinde etkili bulunmuslardır. Fungisitlere dayanıklı izolatların doğaya uyumları petri kaplarında miselyal gelisme hızları, sporulasyon ve yaprak üzerinde virülensine göre tespit edilmistir. Doğaya uyumda dayanıklı izolatların bazılarının duyarlı izolatlar kadar doğaya iyi uyum sağladıkları belirlenmistir. Cyprodinil+fludioxonil bağa I. ?laçlama programı olarak çiçeklenme döneminde, salkımlar sıkılasmadan önce, ben düsme döneminde ve hasattan önce olmak üzere 4 kez; II. ?laçlama programında ise, ben düsme ve hasattan önce olmak üzere 2 kez uygulanarak iki ayrı ilaçlama programı karsılastırılmıstır. I. ilaçlama programında, II. ?laçlama programına göre hastalık siddeti önemli derecede düsük olarak belirlenirken, aynı zamanda sarapta da kalıntı bırakmadığı belirlenmistir.
Pathogenic strains of Botrytis cinerea Pers. Ex. Fr. were isolated from the infected vines of wine and table grapes, during the harvest season of 2004-2005 in the Trakya Region of Turkey. Isolates were tested for the determination of their sensitivity to dicarboximides (procymidone), anilinopyrimidines (cyprodinil, pyrimethanil), hydroxyanilides (fenhexamid), imidazoles (imazalil), phenylpyrroles (fludioxonil), pthalimides (captan), triazoles (hexaconazole, penconazole, tebuconazole, triadimenol, myclobutanil) on Minimal Medium and find out the effectiveness of the fungicides on infection occurred on grape berries and leaves. In this study 100%, 94.28 % and 82.85% of the isolates were found sensitive to the cyprodinil+fluodioxonil, procymidone and pyrimethanil respectively. But 100% of that isolates exhibited resistance to captan, myclobutanil and triadimenol. Preventive applications of commercial formulation of cyprodinil+fluodioxonil (Switch 62.5) inhibited lesion development on berries and leaves inoculated with resistant and sensitive B. cinerea isolates, separately. However tebuconazole, procymidone and pyrimethanil were only effective on inoculated berries. Study of fitness costs of fungicides-resistance isolates were determined by measuring their sporulation, mycelial growth rate on petri dishes and virulence on leaf. Fitness costs of some resistant isolates did not differ from the sensitive ones. Cyprodinil+fludioxonil was sprayed four times per season at first spraying program (flowering, closure bunch, veraison and harvest) and two times per season at second spraying program (veraison and harvest). The first program significantly decreased disease incidence of gray mold as compared with second program. No residues of cyprodinil and fludioxonil were found in any samples from wine.
Pathogenic strains of Botrytis cinerea Pers. Ex. Fr. were isolated from the infected vines of wine and table grapes, during the harvest season of 2004-2005 in the Trakya Region of Turkey. Isolates were tested for the determination of their sensitivity to dicarboximides (procymidone), anilinopyrimidines (cyprodinil, pyrimethanil), hydroxyanilides (fenhexamid), imidazoles (imazalil), phenylpyrroles (fludioxonil), pthalimides (captan), triazoles (hexaconazole, penconazole, tebuconazole, triadimenol, myclobutanil) on Minimal Medium and find out the effectiveness of the fungicides on infection occurred on grape berries and leaves. In this study 100%, 94.28 % and 82.85% of the isolates were found sensitive to the cyprodinil+fluodioxonil, procymidone and pyrimethanil respectively. But 100% of that isolates exhibited resistance to captan, myclobutanil and triadimenol. Preventive applications of commercial formulation of cyprodinil+fluodioxonil (Switch 62.5) inhibited lesion development on berries and leaves inoculated with resistant and sensitive B. cinerea isolates, separately. However tebuconazole, procymidone and pyrimethanil were only effective on inoculated berries. Study of fitness costs of fungicides-resistance isolates were determined by measuring their sporulation, mycelial growth rate on petri dishes and virulence on leaf. Fitness costs of some resistant isolates did not differ from the sensitive ones. Cyprodinil+fludioxonil was sprayed four times per season at first spraying program (flowering, closure bunch, veraison and harvest) and two times per season at second spraying program (veraison and harvest). The first program significantly decreased disease incidence of gray mold as compared with second program. No residues of cyprodinil and fludioxonil were found in any samples from wine.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Botrytis cinerea, fungisite dayanıklılık, doğaya uyum, kimyasal mücadele, saraplık üzüm, kalıntı, fungicide resistance, fitness costs, chemical control, wine grape, residue
