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Anadolu Mandalarında Fleckscore Yöntemine Göre Tip Özelliklerinin Sınıflandırılması
(2023) Şahin, Onur; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan; Çoban, Önder Bayram
Bu çalışma, Anadolu mandalarında süt, karkas ve döl verimini etkileyen doğrusal tip özelliklerinin Fleckscore yöntemi kullanılarak sınıflandırılması amacıyla yürütüldü. Çalışmanın materyalini, Bitlis ilinde manda yetiştiriciliği yapan 122 manda çiftliği ve bu işletmelerde yetiştirilen 611 baş sağmal manda oluşturdu. Verilerin hazırlanması amacıyla Microsoft Excel programı, verilerin istatistiki değerlendirilmesi için SPSS 20.0 sürümü kullanıldı. Çalışmada, beden yapısının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla sağrı yüksekliği (4.93 puan), beden derinliği (4.53 puan), sırt-bel uzunluğu (5.51 puan), sağrı uzunluğu (4.76 puan), kalça genişliği (5.40 puan), sağrı genişliği (5.46 puan), ve sağrı eğimi (5.39 puan) özellikleri sınıflandırıldı. Kaslılık yapısının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla üst bud genişliği özelliği (4.88 puan) sınıflandırıldı. Meme yapısının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla ön meme lobu uzunluğu (4.78 puan), arka meme lob uzunluğu (5.15 puan), ön meme bağlantısı (6.12 puan), meme taban yüksekliği (8.24 puan), ön meme başı uzunluğu (6.24 puan), ön meme başı kalınlığı (4.84 puan), ön meme başı yerleşimi (4.39 puan), arka meme başı yerleşimi (6.03 puan), ve meme merkez bağı (4.50) özellikleri sınıflandırıldı. Ayak bacak yapısının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla arka bacak açısı (5.55 puan), tırnak taban yüksekliği (4.06 puan), diz eklem kalitesi (5.83 puan), ve arka bacak duruşu (3.80 puan) özellikleri sınıflandırıldı. Özellikler için verilen sınıflandırma puanlarına bağlı olarak beden yapısı, kaslılık özelliği, meme yapısı, ve ayak- bacak yapısı için ortalama fleckscore puanları sırasıyla, 79.57 puan, 80.51 puan, 80.53 puan ve 77.21 puan olarak hesaplandı. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarından hareket ederek, Anadolu mandalarında doğrusal tip özelliklerinin süt ve süt içeriği, döl verim özellikleri, meme sağlığı, ayak-bacak sağlığı, ve sürü ömrü ile olan fenotipik ve genotipik ilişkiler konularında detaylı araştırmaların yapılması tavsiye edilmektedir.
Anadolu Mandalarında Vücut Kondisyonu Değerlendirme Standardının Oluşturulması
(2023) Şahin, Onur; Çoban, Önder Bayram; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan
Bu çalışma, sığırlarda yaygın şekilde kullanılan değerlendirme yöntemini Anadolu mandasına uyarlanmak suretiyle mandalar için kullanılabilir bir değerlendirme sisteminin oluşturulması ve vücut kondisyonu açısından mevcut durumun belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın materyalini 128 işletme ve bu işletmelerde yetiştirilen 614 baş manda ineği oluşturmuştur. Verilerin hazırlanması amacıyla Microsoft Excel programı, istatistiki değerlendirilme için SPSS 20.0 sürümünden faydalanılmıştır. Vücut kondisyonu değerlendirmesi sonucunda manda ineklerinin omurga (O), kaburga (K), kısa kemikler (KK), leğen kemiği (LK), but bölgesi (BB), oturak yumrusu (OY), kuyruk sokumu (KS), uyluk (U) kondisyonları ve genel vücut kondisyonu sırasıyla, 6.12 puan, 5.73 puan, 5.10 puan, 5.65 puan, 5.69 puan, 5.25 puan, 4.92 puan, 5.10 puan ve 5.51 puan olarak tespit edilmiştir. Genel vücut kondisyonu (GVK) ile O, K, KK, LK, BB, OY, KS ve U özellikleri arasında pozitif yönlü, yüksek ve önemli (p<0.01) bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuç, farklı vücut kısımlarına ait vücut kondisyonundan hareketle genel vücut kondisyonunun tahmin edilmesindeki isabeti doğrulamaktadır. Anadolu mandalarında vücut kondisyonuna ait yeterli veri toplanması sonrasında verim, sürü ömrü, besleme özellikleri ile olan fenotipik ve genotipik ilişkileri ortaya çıkaracak daha detaylı araştırmaların yapılması tavsiye edilmektedir.
Anadolu Mandalarının Çeşitli Vücut Ölçülerine Göre Morfometrik Karekterizasyonu
(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 2011) Gürcan, Eser Kemal; Tuna, Yahya Tuncay; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan
Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de yetiştirilen Anadolu mandalarının vücut ölçülerine göre morfometrik karakterizasyonunun yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma Afyon, Çorum, Tokat, Balıkesir, Samsun, Sakarya illerinde bulunan 793 baş manda üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada cinsiyet, yaş ve iller dikkate alınarak hayvanların 11 farklı vücut ölçüsü alınmıştır. Alınan vücut ölçülerine göre hayvanların morfometrik tanımlamasının yapılmasına çalışılmıştır. Buna göre dört yaş ve üzeri dişi mandaların cidago yüksekliği, sağrı yüksekliği, vücut uzunluğu ve göğüs çevresi ölçüleri sırasıyla 137.3±0.6, 132.9±0.6, 135.4±0.8 ve 201.3±1.4 cm olmuştur. Benzer şekilde üç yaşlı erkek mandaların cidago yüksekliği, sağrı yüksekliği, vücut uzunluğu ve göğüs çevresi ölçüleri ise sırasıyla 131.6±0.6, 129.9±1.5, 111.2±2.9 ve 174.7±4.9 cm olarak ölçülmüştür. Çalışmada cinsiyet ve yaş faktörünün tüm vücut ölçüleri üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuşken (P<0.01). Aynı zamanda iller arasında da çeşitli vücut ölçüleri ortalamaları bakımından anlamlı faklılıklar görülmüştür (P<0.05).
Anatolian Water Buffaloes Husbandry in Turkey
(Int Buffalo Information Ctr, 2013) Soysal, Mehmet İhsan
Anatolian water buffalo is found mostly in the half northwestern of Turkiye including north part of the middle Anatolia. It is more common along the coast of Black sea. It is also found in Eastern Anatolia. From a taxonomical point of view it is classified as 'Mediterranean' type. In the past, buffalo farming has been an important production source for Turkiye (1,117,000 heads assessed in 1971), while currently the population size is of only 110,000 heads. In Turkey most farmers keep 1-2 buffaloes for family consumption and this system is very widespread in villages while farms with around 100 heads are located near to the big cities. In despite of the popular indifference, farming of this species has survived in order to promote productive systems in agreement with sustainable rural development and trend to revalue autochthonous genetic types. There are in situ and ex situ conservation programme and incentive premiums in order to stop the reducing tendency of population. Nation-wide water buffaloes improvement program has also initiated called community based herd improvement program. Anatolian water buffalo is reared for triple aptitude: meat, milk and draught. Most meat is especially used for making sausage, which is a very popular typical product in Anatolia, prepared with buffalo meat, beef and mutton spiced especially with garlic. Concerning milk production, research is evidencing that controlled farming and feeding conditions may significantly improve performances. Milk is also employed to make a very popular traditional product, known as 'lule kaymagi'. The Anatolian water buffalo has dark brown, dark grey to black coat, with muzzle, hoofs and horns hairs usually black to black grey. Horns are relatively long, resembling the Mediterranean type, and narrow. They have relatively longer body and face smaller girth and longer thicker legs. The ears are wide and haairy inside. The neck is long and not unduly thick. The withers height tends to be the same as height at sacrum. The body is coarse and sometimes angular. White marks sometimes occur on head, on the lower part of legs and at the end of tail. The horns of female are longer and thinner than those of the male.
Anatolian water buffaloes husbandry in Turkey: preliminary results on somatic characterization
(Pagepress Publ, 2007) Soysal, Mehmet İhsan; Tuna, Yahya Tuncay; Gürcan, Eser Kemal; Özkan Ünal, Emel; Kök, Süleyman; Castellano, N.; Barone, Carmela M. A.
In Turkey most farmers keep 1-2 buffaloes for family consumption and this system is very widespread in villages while farms with around 100 heads are located near to the big cities. These two most common housing systems were used to contribute to the somatic characterization of Anatolian buffalo in the context of a wide typification programme of this buffalo aimed to improve its productive and reproductive potentiality in agreement with a sustainable development. 76 males and 127 females of the Istanbul district and 32 males and 70 females raised in Danamandra village of Silivri district were measured. On each buffalo, withers height, rump height, body length, chest depth and chest width were determined. The results showed a significant difference between males and females starting from 12 months in buffaloes of Danamandra village and from 3 years of age in animals of Istanbul district.
Carcass and Meat Quality of Male and Female Water Buffaloes Finished Under An Intensive Production System
(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2018) Ekiz, Bülent; Yılmaz, Alper; Yalçıntan, Hülya; Yakan, Akin; Yılmaz, İsmail; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan
Carcass and meat quality of male and female Anatolian water buffaloes were investigated using 10 carcasses from each gender. Gender had no influence on carcass characteristics, except warm carcass weight, which was 13% higher in males compared to females. Meat from male water buffaloes had higher ultimate pH and lightness (L*), but lower redness (a*) values than females. Meat samples aged for 21 days had lower values for expressed juice, cooking loss and Warner Bratzler shear force compared with those of 7-day aged ones. Meat samples aged for 21 days had higher L* value at 1 h and 24 h after cutting, a* value at 1 h after cutting compared with those of 7-day aged meat samples. Gender had no effect on meat sensory characteristics. Meat from male water buffaloes had higher proportions of C14:0, C18:3 n-3, C20:2 n-6, C20:3 n-3 and C20:4 n-6 and Sigma n-3 fatty acids and lower Sigma n-6/Sigma n-3 ratio compared with female water buffaloes.
Determination of genetic distance between East Anatolian Red, Brown Swiss, Holstein and Simmental breeds of cattle using polymorphic systems
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2008) Doğru, Unsal; Özdemir, Memis; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan; Topal, Mehmet
Genetic distances were determined according to Nei, Cavalli-Sforza and Reynolds methods between the Brown Swiss (173), Simmental (80), Holstein (18) and East Anatolian Red (51) cattle breeds using milk protein (as) and blood protein types (Hb and Tf). The distribution of phenotypic frequencies in all the four breeds for all systems except alpha s(1)-Cn was significant (P<0.01) using chi-square test. Phylogenetic trees based on the polymorphic systems of the populations obtained by three different methods of Nei, Cavalli-Sforza and Reynolds were found to be similar. According to the phylogenetic trees Brown Swiss and Simmental cattle breeds fall in one group and dairy (Holstein) and Native (East Anatolian Red) breeds in different groups.
Determination of the morphometric characteristics of donkey (Equus asinus) populations reared in Turkey
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2022) Gürcan, Eser Kemal; Genç, Serdar; Kaplan, Selçuk; Özdil, Fulya; Ünal, Emel Özkan; Bulut, Hasan; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan
This research aims to determine the morphometric characteristics of the donkey (Equus asinus) populations reared in Turkey. For this purpose, live weights and body measurements were collected from 500 donkeys. The donkeys were grouped according to the factors of color, age, sex, and province and the live weights (LW) (kg), withers heights (WH), rump heights (RH), body lengths (BL), chest circumferences (CC), chest depths (CD), front shank circumferences (FSC), head lengths (HL) and ear lengths (EL) (cm) of the donkeys were measured. In the study, the males were found to have higher values of live weight, withers height, rump height, and chest depth than the females (p < 0.05). Significant differences in the live weights of the donkeys were seen by province, age, color, and sex (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Significant differences were found among the age groups as well (p < 0.01). Accordingly, the least squares means of the animals aged 1???3 years, 4???5 years, 6???8 years, and 9 years and over for live weight were measured as 112.10 ?? 3.11 kg, 141.54 ?? 2.76 kg, 153.98 ?? 2.42 kg, and 152.95 ?? 2.34 kg, respectively. The least squares mean of live weights were also determined as significant between the female and male animals (138.08 ?? 1.96 kg) and (142.21 ?? 2.25 kg), respectively (p 0.05). The highest correlation coefficient was calculated between live weight and body length among the donkeys (r = 0.83). Furthermore, the classical method (CM) and the fixed object photo (FOP) method were compared for photographed animals in the study. No difference in WH, RH, CD or HL was seen between the two methods (p 0.05). In conclusion, the morphometric characteristics of the donkeys were determined and it was shown that the populations were not distinguished clearly from each other and that this was fundamentally due to the transitions among the donkey populations for long years.
Effect of Environmental Factors on Lactation Milk Yield, Lactation Length and Calving Interval of Anatolian Buffalo in Istanbul
(Zootekni Federasyonu (ZF), 2018) Soysal, Mehmet İhsan; Genç, Serdar; Aksel, Mehmet; Ünal, Emel Özkan; Gürcan, Eser Kemal
In this study, 3843 lactation yield records of Anatolian Buffaloes within “Anatolian Water Buffalo Breeding Project” and reared in Istanbul province and district were used. The aim of study was to investigate the effects of environmental factors on the lactation milk yield (LMY), lactation length (LL) and calving interval (CI) of the Anatolian buffalo. For this propose 2034 Anatolian buffalos’ pedigrees in Istanbul between 2012 to 2017 were used. The overall mean and standard error of the LMY, LL and CI were determined as 1223.9 ± 6.83 kg, 230.99 ± 0.89 kg and 417.51 ± 1.73 days respectively. The effects of the province, calving year, lactation number, season and calving age on these characteristics were determined. Also effects of the province, calving year, lactation number, season and calving age on LMY, effect of province, calving year and season on LL and calving year, lactation number and calving age on CI were statistically significant (p<0.01), Phenotypic correlation were calculated between LMY, LL and CI also.
Estimation of genetic parameters and genetic trend of Holstein cattle population in Turkey
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Genç, Serdar; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan
[No Abstract Available]
ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS AND GENETIC TREND OF HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN CATTLE POPULATION IN TURKEY
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Genç, Serdar; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan
In this study, 194408 lactation and reproductive records of Holstein Friesian dairy cattle for the period of 1992-2012, which were taken from 23752 farms of Cattle Breeders Association of Turkey located in 10 cities, were evaluated. Variance components, breeding values, heritability, and repeatability of 305-day milk yield (305 DMY), lactation length (LL), dry period (DP), and calving interval (CI) were calculated by using MTDFREML. The effects of the factors (year of birth, lactation number, calving month, location, and calving age) that were thought to affect those traits (305 DMY, LL, DP, and CI) were evaluated. The heritability of 305 DMY, LL, DP, and CI was estimated as 0.22; 0.01; 0.01; and <0.01 respectively. Genetic trend for 305 DMY was also estimated as 7.44 kg/year. The estimated breeding values showed irregular fluctuations, but also the genetic trend increased in recent years. As a result, the estimated variance components, genetic parameters and breeding values could be used as selection criteria to increase the success of the selection in breeding studies for Holstein cattle population in Turkey.
Evaluation of genetic diversity and structure of Turkish water buffalo population by using 20 microsatellite markers
(MDPI AG, 2021) Özkan Ünal, Emel; Işık, Raziye; Şen, Ayşe; Kuş, Elif Geyik; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan
The present study was aimed to investigate the genetic diversity among 17 Turkish water buffalo populations. A total of 837 individuals from 17 provincial populations were genotyped, using 20 microsatellites markers. The microsatellite markers analyzed were highly polymorphic with a mean number of alleles of (7.28) ranging from 6 (ILSTS005) to 17 (ETH003). The mean observed and expected heterozygosity values across all polymorphic loci in all studied buffalo populations were 0.61 and 0.70, respectively. Observed heterozygosity varied from 0.55 (Bursa (BUR)) to 0.70 (Muş (MUS)). It was lower than expected heterozygosity in most of the populations indicating a deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The overall value for the polymorphic information content of noted microsatellite loci was 0.655, indicating their suitability for genetic diversity analysis in buffalo. The mean FIS value was 0.091 and all loci were observed significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), most likely based on non-random breeding. The 17 buffalo populations were genetically less diverse as indicated by a small mean FST value (0.032 ± 0.018). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) analysis indicated that about 2% of the total genetic diversity was clarified by population distinctions and 88 percent corresponded to differences among individuals. The information produced by this study can be used to establish a base of national conservation and breeding strategy of water buffalo population in Turkey. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Evaluation of parentage testing in the Turkish Holstein population based on 12 microsatellite loci
(Elsevier, 2009) Özkan, Emel; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan; Özder, Muhittin; Koban, Evren; Şahin, Onur; Togan, İnci
In the present study, 12 microsatellite loci (ETH10, ETH225, ETH103, TGLA122, TGLA227, BM1824, BM2113, INRA23, SPS115, TGLA126, RM006 and BM1818) were evaluated for their possible use to confirm selected pedigree relationships between 7 bulls, their 21 male offspring, and their 64 second-generation female offspring within the progeny test started in Turkey. The nine loci (BM1824, INRA23, BM2113, SPS115, ETH10, TGLA122, ETH225, TGLA126 and TGLA227) recommended by ISAG displayed high values for the measures of informativeness (allele numbers, heterozygosity, polymorphic information content, frequency of the most common allele, and power of discrimination). When both parents are known calculated combined probability of exclusion was at least 0.999. Range of probability of paternity (POP) values were 0.814-0.9999. Except 3 cases (4.7%), the alleged paternity relationships were confirmed. To have a higher confidence in POP values new loci must be integrated into the set of 9 loci used. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of the genetic resistance status to classical and atypical scrapie in Karacabey merino rams
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2015) Yaman, Yalçın; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan; Ün, Cemal
Scrapie, the oldest prion disease of sheep, has two types: classical and atypical scrapie. It was determined that some nucleotide polymorphisms in the PrP coding gene have affected classical and atypical scrapie susceptibility. Consequently, EU member states have established breeding programs aiming to increase genetic resistance of their flocks to classical scrapie. These breeding programs have primarily been implemented in economically important breeds. Thus, we investigated classical and atypical scrapie related PrP genotypes of the Karacabey merino breed, which is of great economic importance in western regions of Turkey. In relation to classical scrapie, three alleles (ARR, ARQ, and VRQ) and five genotypes (ARR/ARR, ARR/ARQ, ARQ/ARQ, ARR/VRQ, and ARQ/VRQ) were identified. Frequencies were found to be 0.280, 0.677, and 0.043 for the alleles and 0.086, 0.376, 0.452, 0.011, and 0.075 for the genotypes, respectively. In terms of atypical scrapie, four alleles (ALRR, ALRQ, AFRQ, and VLRQ) and eight genotypes (ALRR/ALRR, ALRR/AFRQ, ALRR/ALRQ, ALRQ/AFRQ, ALRQ/ALRQ, VLRQ/ALRR, VLRQ/ALRQ, and VLRQ/AFRQ) were identified. Frequencies were found to be 0.272, 0.636, 0.049, and 0.043 for the alleles and 0.076, 0.033, 0.348, 0.043, 0.413, 0.011, 0.054, and 0.022 for the genotypes, respectively. Three nonsynonymous and two silent additional polymorphisms were also determined along with the PrP coding gene.
Evcil Hayvan Genetik Kaynaklarının Koruma Süreçlerinde Yok Olma Risk Derecesini Değerlendirme Metotları
(Zootekni Federasyonu (ZF), 2018) Soysal, Mehmet İhsan; Ünal, Emel Özkan; Gürcan, Eser Kemal
Dünyadaki evcil hayvan türlerinin genetik çeşitliliği, genetik erozyon olarak adlandırılan sürekli bir düşüş durumundadır ve kalan hayvan genetik kaynakları, en verimli şekilde kullanılmamaktadır. Endüstriyel tarımın yüksek girdi-çıktı ihtiyaçları için çok sınırlı sayıda modern ırklara küresel bir bağımlılık eğilimi gibi çeşitli faktörler vardır. Bu eğilimin etkisi, birçok ırkın işlevlerini yitirmiş olmaları ve ırkları zarar riski altında bırakan ve evcil hayvan çeşitliliğini tehdit eden haber verilmeksizin melezleme ile ortadan kalkmasıdır. Çiftlik hayvanı genetik kaynaklarının bu erozyona uğramasını önlemek için, in situ ve ex situ koruma sürülerinin ya da çoğu zaman küçük nüfusların oluşturulması şeklinde sahip olunan ülkeler tarafından çeşitli önlemler alınmaktadır. Ancak, akrabalığa ve rastgele kayma riskine bağlı olarak, küçük üreme sürülerinde sınırlı sayıda canlı hayvanın bulunduğu koruma programlarında genetik çeşitliliğin kaybolmasına neden olabilir. Akrabalığı (ΔF) oranı öngörülebilir bir forma sahiptir ve varyasyon kaybı ile çok önemli bir ilişkiye sahiptir. Etkili popülasyon büyüklüğü (Ne), başka bir deyişle, aynı sayıda rastgele genetik kayma veya aynı miktarda akrabalığa sahip olan ve sayıları erkeklerin sayısı olan ve aynı sayıdaki popülasyonu gösteren idealize edilmiş bir popülasyondaki üreme bireylerinin sayısı ve dişiler, belirli bir popülasyondaki genetik değişkenliğin dinamikleri hakkında genel ölçülebilir bir fikir verir. Bu çalışma, koruma programlarında hayvan ırklarının neslinin tükenme riski statüsündeki tehlike düzeyini (tehlike kategorilerine giren populasyonları) değerlendirme yöntemlerini gözden geçirmeyi amaçlamıştır.
Genetic characterization of native donkey (Equus asinus) populations of Turkey using microsatellite markers
(MDPI AG, 2020) Yatkın, Selen; Özdil, Fulya; Ünal, Emel Özkan; Genç, Serdar; Kaplan, Selçuk; Gürcan, Eser Kemal; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan; Arat, S.
This study presents the first insights to the genetic diversity and structure of the Turkish donkey populations. The primary objectives were to detect the main structural features of Turkish donkeys by microsatellite markers. A panel of 17 microsatellite markers was applied for genotyping 314 donkeys from 16 locations of Turkey. One hundred and forty?two alleles were identified and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 12. The highest number of alleles was observed in AHT05 (12) and the lowest in ASB02 and HTG06 (4), while ASB17 was monomorphic. The mean HO in the Turkish donkey was estimated to be 0.677, while mean HE was 0.675. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was calculated for each locus and ranged from 0.36 (locus ASB02) to 0.98 (locus AHT05), which has the highest number of alleles per locus in the present study. The average PIC in our populations was 0.696. The average coefficient of gene differentiation (GST) over the 17 loci was 0.020 ± 0.037 (p < 0.01). The GST values for single loci ranged from ?0.004 for LEX54 to 0.162 for COR082. Nei’s gene diversity index (Ht) for loci ranged from 0.445 (ASB02) to 0.890 (AHT05), with an average of 0.696. A Bayesian clustering method, the Structure software, was used for clustering algorithms of multi?locus genotypes to identify the population structure and the pattern of admixture within the populations. When the number of ancestral populations varied from K = 1 to 20, the largest change in the log of the likelihood function (?K) was when K = 2. The results for K = 2 indicate a clear separation between Clade I (KIR, CAT, KAR, MAR, SAN) and Clade II (MAL, MER, TOK, KAS, KUT, KON, ISP, ANT, MUG, AYD and KAH) populations. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF HONEY BEE POPULATIONS FROM TURKEY USING PCR-RFLP's ANALYSIS OF TWO mtDNA SEGMENTS
(Scientific Issues Natl Centre Agrarian Sciences, 2009) Kekeçoğlu, Meral; Bouga, M.; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan; Harizanis, P.
The genetic structure and phylogenetic relationship among honey bee populations of Turkey were studied using RFLP analysis on two PCR-amplified mtDNA gene segments (COI, 16s rDNA). The honey bees were sampled from 54 mainland localities of Turkey and 2 Aegean islands. Two different mitotype were detected with SspI digestion of COI gene. One mitotype was seen in only central Anatolia. The results of this research were compared with analogous studies on honey bee populations from Greece and it was found that the non-existence of 16s rDNA /DraI digestion is diagnostic only for Turkish honey bee populations. This result is very useful for the control of conservation of local honey bees, as the movement of colonies across the border line of these neighboring countries, may affect the genetic structure of honey bee populations.
Genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships of honey bee populations from turkey using PCR-RFLP'S analysis of two mtDNA segments
(2009) Kekeçoğlu, Meral; Bouga, M.; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan; Harizanis, P.
The genetic structure and phylogenetic relationship among honey bee populations of Turkey were studied using RFLP analysis on two PCR-amplified mtDNA gene segments (COI, 16s rDNA). The honey bees were sampled from 54 mainland localities of Turkey and 2 Aegean islands. Two different mitotype were detected with SspI digestion of COI gene. One mitotype was seen in only central Anatolia. The results of this research were compared with analogous studies on honey bee populations from Greece and it was found that the non-existence of 16s rDNA /DraI digestion is diagnostic only for Turkish honey bee populations. This result is very useful for the control of conservation of local honey bees, as the movement of colonies across the border line of these neighboring countries, may affect the genetic structure of honey bee populations.
Genetic Diversity of Bee Ecotypes in Turkey and Evidence for Geographical Differences
(Ars Docendi, 2010) Kekeçoğlu, Meral; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan
Honeybees collected from 56 different areas of Turkey were analysed, using 12 morphometric characters. The multivariate statistical analysis of data and discriminant function analysis established seven different ecotypes spreading according to different coordinates of regions. UPGMA dendrogram based on the Mahalonobis distance showed that the studied colonies were clustered in four main regional groups like A. in. anatoliaca in central Anatolia, A.m. caucasica in the northern Anatolia, A. meda in southern and south-eastern Anatolia and A. in. carnica in the European part of Turkey.
Genetic relationships of Thrace and Yigilca honey bee populations based on microsatellite structure
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2021) Kekeçoğlu, Meral; Ünal, Emel Özkan; Soysal, Mehmet İhsan
Thrace and Yigilca honey bees, two important honey bee ecotypes in apicultural activity of Turkey, are the subject of genetic conservation effort. In this study, the genetic structure and diversity of honey bee populations from Thrace and Yigilca were investigated using 27 microsatellites. Except Kirklareli and Yigilca (Fst: 0.14), it was observed lower genetic divergence between the populations based on the value of pairwise Fst. Although Thrace populations (Edirne, Tekirdag and Kirklareli) were not fully separated from each other, Yigilca population was significantly separated from Kirklareli and separated slightly from the rest of other populations. The calculated gene diversity of the populations ranged from 0.44 in Kirklareli to 0.56 in Edirne and Tekirdag. Despite the high genetic diversity within the populations, the significant heterozygous deficiency found in Kirklareli may be due to repeated and controlled swarming of the selected colonies by beekeepers. These factors could have contributed the observed genotypic homogenization within Kirklareli honey bee population. Our results demonstrate that genetic differantiation of Thrace and Yigilca populations is still conserved, but gene flow is not prevented by the current management strategies, creating urgent demand for an improved conservation management of honey bee populations.

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