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Öğe Abdominal aorta and its branches: Morphometry - Variations in autopsy cases(TIP ARASTIRMALARI DERNEGI, 2010) Songur, Ahmet; Toktaş, Muhsin; Alkoç, Ozan Alper; Acar, Tolgahan; Uzun, İbrahim; Baş, Orhan; Özen, Oğuz AslanAim: Knowing the morphology of abdominal aorta (AA) and its branches are important as regards to diagnosis and surgical treatment. The aims of this study were to a) make morphometric measurements of AA and its branches, b) to investigate sites of the origins of the branches and their relationships and variations, and c) to compare the results with literature.Method: Ninety-five AA which had been removed in autopsies were measured with caliper morphometrically to determine diameters of branches and distances between branches. Possible variation of the vessels were investigated and photographed.Result: It was found that diameters of celiac trunk (CT), superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) were 6.43±1.59 mm, 7.38±1.67 mm and 3.61±0.72 mm respectively. The distances between CT and aortic bifurcation (AB), CT and SMA, SMA and IMA, IMA and AB were 107.21±11.46 mm, 14.34±2.67 mm, 57.76±8.04 mm, 35.20±7.41 mm respectively. Numerous variations were observed during the study. These variations involved inferior phrenic artery (single trunk arising from CT, 4.2%), renal artery-RA (duplicated right RA 9.5%, duplicated left RA 4.2%, bilaterally duplicated 3.1%, %16.8 total multiple RA), gonadal arteries-GA (single GA, 1%), lumbar arteries-LA (3 pairs of LA 11.5%, 3rd or 4th LA arising as single trunk 3.1%) and median sacral artery (agenesis 2.1%). Conclusion: Knowledge of morphology of AA and its branches is important in regards to the diagnosis, surgical treatment and endovascular interventions of these vessels. We think our study will contribute to the medical education and clinical medicine in our country.Öğe Age-related volumetric changes in pancreas: a stereological study on computed tomography(Springer France, 2012) Çağlar, Veli; Songur, Ahmet; Yağmurca, Murat; Acar, Murat; Toktas, Muhsin; Gonul, Yucel(1) To explore age-related changes in the volume of the pancreas on computed tomography (CT) images calculated by the method of Cavalieri. (2) To investigate the relationship between these changes and body mass index (BMI), gender, abdominal diameter, abdominal skinfold thickness. We retrospectively reviewed abdominal CT examinations of 272 adults between the ages of 20-88 years. There were seven groups of patients, with 40 patients (only ninth decade has 32 patients) for each decade. Pancreatic volume (PV) was found to be 63.68 +/- A 15.08 cm(3) in females, 71.75 +/- A 15.99 cm(3) in males (mean value of both groups, 67.71 +/- A 16.03 cm(3)). Maximum value of PV was found in the fourth decade in females, males and also for mean of both groups (73.50, 84.21 and 78.85 cm(3), respectively). PV remained constant until similar to 60 years of age. Thereafter, it gradually decreased in both genders. There was a negative correlation between PV and age (p < 0.001, r: -0.473). We found positive correlation between PV and BMI, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), transverse abdominal diameter (TAD), anterior subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses (ASAT), posterior subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses (PSAT), bilateral subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses (BSAT). Quantitative data may allow clinicians to better estimate age-related PV changes and help them in decision making.Öğe Answer to the Letter to the Editor concerning 'Effects of quercetin and fish n-3 fatty acids on testicular injury induced by ethanol in rats'(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Uygur, Ramazan; Yağmurca, Murat; Alkoç, Ozan Alper; Genç, Abdurrahman; Songur, Ahmet; Üçok, Kağan; Özen, Oğuz Aslan[No Abstract Available]Öğe Complex variation of median nerve: A case report(2013) Özen, Oğuz Aslan; Songur, Ahmet; Gönül, Yücel; Uygur, RamazanDuring routine dissections we saw complex variation of median nerve in the right arm of an adult male cadaver. Lateral cord continued as lateral root of median nerve without giving off musculocutaneous nerve and it formed median nerve joining with medial root of median nerve which arises from medial cord. There was a communicating accessory branch 2.5 cm long running obliquely between the cords which formed the median nerve. Coracobrachialis muscle was innervated by a thin branch arising from lateral cord. Median nerve given two branches at a point 9 cm distal to its formation. First branch supplied to biceps brachii, the second branch continued as brachial muscle's nerve and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. Main trunk passed through the cubital fossa and ran along the forearm following the normal course of median nerve. We think it is important that clinicians performing surgical procedures or nerve blocks in this region should consider this variation in order to avoid failures and complications.Öğe Effects of quercetin and fish n-3 fatty acids on testicular injury induced by ethanol in rats(Wiley, 2014) Uygur, Ramazan; Yağmurca, Murat; Alkoç, Ozan Alper; Genç, Abdurrahman; Songur, Ahmet; Üçok, Kağan; Özen, Oğuz AslanThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin and fish n-3 fatty acids on the changes in testis induced by ethanol. Forty-five rats divided into five groups, control, ethanol, ethanol+quercetin, ethanol+fish n-3 fatty acids and ethanol+quercetin+fish n-3 fatty acids. Atthe end of 8weeks, all the rats were sacrificed. Degenerative changes in histopathological analyses, the decreased body weight gain and seminiferous tubule diameters in ethanol group have been observed. TUNEL assay also showed an increase in apoptotic cell number. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), xanthine oxidase (XO) and testosterone levels were decreased as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were increased in ethanol group. Histopathological changes caused by ethanol have been improved by quercetin and fish n-3 fatty acids. It was also found that protection was provided by increasing SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities in groups administered quercetin, fish n-3 fatty acids and quercetin+fish n-3 fatty acids, and by decreasing the levels of MDA and NO in groups administered both quercetin and fish n-3 fatty acids together. These results suggest that quercetin and fish n-3 fatty acids are beneficial agents to reduce testicular injury induced by ethanol except for testosterone levels.Öğe Hemiplejik Serebral Palsili Çocuklarda Gövde Antropometrik Ölçümlerinin Değerlendirilmesi(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, 2013) Uygur, Ramazan; Özen, Oğuz Aslan; Baş, Orhan; Uygur, Emine; Songur, AhmetAmaç Çalışmamızda hemiplejik serebral palsili (HSP) çocuklarda beslenme ve solunum kapasitesi hakkında bilgi veren gövde antropometrik ölçümlerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem Çalışmamız-da 5-12 yaş grubundan 32 HSP’li çocuk ile 40 normal çocuğun gövde antropometrik ölçümleri yapıldı. Bulgular HSP’li çocukların kilo, boy uzunluğu, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ), kulaç uzunluğu, omuz çevresi, göğüs (aksilla) çevresi, bel çevresi, abdomen çevresi, kalça çevresi, toraks genişliği, toraks derinliği, omuz genişliği, biakromial genişlik, biiliak genişlik ve bitrokanterik genişlik değerlerinin normal çocuklara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük olduğu gözlendi. Göğüs (ksifoid ve subkostal) çevresi değerlerinde ise HSP’li çocuklar ile normal çocuklar arasında anlamlı bir fark gözlenmedi. HSP’li çocuklarda beslenme ve solunum kapasitesi hakkında bilgi veren gövde antropometrik ölçümleri normal çocuklara göre daha düşük değere sahiptir. Sonuç HSP’li çocuklar ortaya çıkan fonksiyonel yetersizlik sonucu yaşıtlarına oranla geri kalmakta ve yaşam kaliteleri düşmektedir.Öğe Hemiplejik serebral palsili çocukların baş ve boyun gelişiminin antropometrik ölçümler kullanılarak değerlendirilmesi(2014) Uygur, Ramazan; Özen, Oğuz Aslan; Baş, Orhan; Çağlar, Veli; Songur, AhmetAmaç: Serebral palsi gelişimini tamamlamamış beyin dokusunun ilerleyici olmayan bir hastalığının sebep olduğu, kalıcı ancak değişime uğrayabilen hareket ve postür bozukluğunun görüldüğü nörogelişimsel bir yetersizliktir. Çalışmamızda hemiplejik serebral palsi (HSP) ele alınarak,antropometrik ölçümler aracılığıyla baş ve boyun gelişimine olan etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: HSPli çocuklar ile normal çocukların baş ve boyun antropometrik ölçümleri yapılarak karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: HSPli çocuklara ait antropometrik ölçümlerden baş çevresi 49,1±2,4 cm, boyun çevresi 26,8±2,3 cm, baş genişliği 13,8±0,8 cm, baş uzunluğu 15,8±1 cm, yüz yüksek- liği 11±1 cm, yüz genişliği 7,8±1 cm, göz bebekleri arası uzaklık 5,4±0,6 cm ve boyun genişliği 7,9±0,8 cm olarak bulundu. Normal çocukların baş çevresi 51,1±1,6 cm, boyun çevresi 27,2±2 cm, baş genişliği 14,6±0,6 cm, baş uzunluğu 16,1±0,7 cm, yüz yüksekliği 11,2±0,6 cm, yüz genişliği 8,9±0,6 cm, göz bebekleri arası uzaklık 5,5±0,4 cm ve boyun genişliği 8,6±0,7 cm olarak ölçüldü. Normal çocukların baş çevresi, baş genişliği, yüz genişliği ve boyun genişliği değerleri HSPli çocukların değerlerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksekti.Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, HSPli çocukların baş antropometrik ölçümlerinin düşük olmasını beyin gelişiminin nörodejenerasyona bağlı olarak az olmasına ve boyun genişliğinin düşük olmasını da beslenme bozukluklarına bağlı olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.Öğe Hemiplejik serebral palsili çocukların üst ekstremitelerinin sağlam tarafı da gelişim geriliği gösterir(2013) Uygur, Ramazan; Özen, Oğuz Aslan; Baş, Orhan; Gönül, Yücel; Songur, AhmetAmaç: Çalışmamızda çocuklarda hemiplejik serebral palsi'nin (HSP) neden olduğu üst ekstremite gelişim geriliğinin antropometrik yöntemlerle incelenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmamızda Etik Kurul onayı alınarak 5-12 yaşlarındaki 32 HSP'li çocuk ile 40 normal çocuğun üst ekstremiteleri antropometrik set ile ölçülerek karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: HSP'li çocukların sağlam taraf omuz eklemi, kol, dirsek eklemi, ön kol ve el bilek eklemi çevresi; üst ekstremite, kol, ön kol, el ve el ayası uzunluğu; dirsek eklemi, el bilek eklemi ve el genişliği değerleri HSP'li çocukların plejik tarafına göre anlamlı derecede fazlaydı. Normal çocukların omuz eklemi, kol, dirsek eklemi, ön kol ve el bilek eklemi çevresi; üst ekstremite, kol, ön kol, el ve el ayası uzunluğu; dirsek eklemi, el bilek eklemi ve el genişliği değerleri HSP'li çocukların plejik taraf ölçümlerine göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti. Normal çocukların dirsek eklemi ve ön kol çevresi; el ve el ayası uzunluğu; dirsek eklemi, el bilek eklemi ve el (metakarpallerden) genişliği değerleri HSP'li çocukların sağlam tarafına göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti. Sonuç: Antropometrik ölçümler HSP'li çocukların plejik taraf üst ekstremitelerinin sağlam tarafa göre, normal çocuklarla karşılaştırdığımızda ise hem plejik hem de sağlam taraflarının daha az geliştiğini göstermektedir. HSP'li çocukların az gelişmiş plejik taraflarını kullanamamaları günlük yaşam aktivitelerini de kısıtlayarak sağlam tarafta da kas ve kemik gelişim geriliğine sebep olmaktadır. Erken teşhis ve rehabilitasyon ile bu fark azaltılabilirÖğe Morphometry, asymmetry and variations of cerebral sulci on superolateral surface of cerebrum in autopsy cases(Springer France, 2014) Gonul, Yucel; Songur, Ahmet; Uzun, İbrahim; Uygur, Ramazan; Alkoç, Ozan Alper; Çağlar, Veli; Küçüker, HudaverdiThe cerebral sulci are known as main microanatomical borders that serve as a gateway and surgical passage to reach the ventricles or to the deeper lesions. It is a matter of curiosity that whether there is a convergence between the morphological asymmetry and the functional asymmetry, and also its significance in surgery. The aim of this study is make morphometric measurements and evaluate asymmetry of several sulci on the lateral aspects of the cerebrum in regard to main sulci and related reference key points. A total of 100 cerebral hemispheres from 50 autopsy cadavers were examined. The lengths of several sulci on the superolateral aspect of the hemispheres and the distances between the sulci and nearby sulci and the reference key points were measured. Encountered variations were examined and photographed. Evaluation of the variations: superior frontal sulcus (SFS), inferior frontal sulcus, superior temporal sulcus (STS), precentral sulcus and postcentral sulcus were found to be discontinuous in 60, 46, 41, 84 and 70 % of the hemispheres, respectively. Evaluation of the asymmetry: the distances between SFS posterior end and longitudinal fissure, STS posterior end and lateral sulcus posterior end, as well as lengths of external occipital fissure (EOF), and discontinuous course of STS were significantly different between left and right hemispheres. There is usually a morphological partial asymmetry between the right and left hemispheres for any individual. Also, some of our measurements were found to be compatible with the ones in the literature, while others were incompatible.Öğe Pancreas Anatomy and Variations(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2014) Çağlar, Veli; Gönül, Yücel; Songur, AhmetPancreas is a digestive gland which has both endocrin and exocrin functions. Pancreatic secretions play an important role in the normal functioning of the metabolism. Pancreas is closely related to many organs and anatomic structures. Thus, knowledge of normal and variational anatomy of these organs is essental for surgical operations. We hope our review will be a source of basic anatomical knowledge for surgeons dealing with pancreatic problems.Öğe Protective Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Rat Sciatic Nerve Ischemia Reperfusion Damage(Galenos Publ House, 2015) Turamanlar, Ozan; Özen, Oğuz Aslan; Songur, Ahmet; Yağmurca, Murat; Akçer, Sezer; Mollaoğlu, Hakan; Aktaş, CevatBackground: Alpha lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant that plays numerous roles in human health. This study examined the effect of ALA on rat sciatic nerve ischemia reperfusion damage. Aims: Protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on sciatic nerve following ischemia-reperfusion in rats was investigated by using light microscopy and biochemical methods. Provided that the protective effect of ALA on sciatic nerve is proven, we think the damage to the sciatic nerve that has already occurred or might occur in patients for various reasons maybe prevented or stopped by giving ALA in convenient doses. Study Design: Animal experiment. Methods: Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 grams) were used in this study. Rats were randomly divided into six groups including one control (Group 1), one sham (Group 2), two ischemia-reperfusion (Groups 3 and 4) and two treatment groups (Groups5 and 6). Doses of 60 and 100 mg/kg ALA were given (Group 5 and 6) intra peritoneally twice, 1 and 24 hours before the ischemia to each treatment group. Ischemia was carried out the abdominal aorta starting from the distal part of the renal vein for two hours followed by reperfusion for three hours. In immunohistochemical methods, fibronectin immunoreactivity was analyzed. For biochemical analyses, the tissues were taken in eppendorf microtubes and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) enzyme activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitricoxide (NO) levels were measured. Results: Fibronectin was observed to have increased significantly in the ischemia group; on the other hand, it was observed to have decreased in parallel to the doses in the ALA groups. Biochemical studies showed that SOD and GSHPx declined with ischemia-reperfusion, but the activities of these enzymes were increased in the treatment groups in parallel with the dose. It was found that increased MDA levels with ischemia-reperfusion were decreased in parallel with ALA dose. There were no statistically significant changes in NO. Conclusion: Increased fibronectin observed after ischemia/reperfusion of rat sciatic nerve is reduced after the administration of ALA. This indicates that the function of fibronectin, to reconnect cut nerve segments and regenerate nerves, is more prominent than its function in tissue healing after ischemia. ALA administered before ischemia decreases MDA and increases SOD and GSHPx. We think that ALA may protect against the pathological changes in ischemic nerve and may be used to devise more efficient treatments.Öğe Protective effects of melatonin against formaldehyde-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat testes: An immunohistochemical and biochemical study(2008) Özen, Oğuz Aslan; Kuş, Murat A.; Kuş, İlter; Alkoç, Ozan Alper; Songur, AhmetThis study investigated the protective effects of melatonin against formaldehyde-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat testes. A total of 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group I was used as a control, Group II was injected every other day with formaldehyde for 1 month, whereas Group III was injected every other day with formaldehyde and melatonin for 1 month. At the end of the experimental period animals were sacrificed and the testes removed and dissected from the surrounding tissues for immunohistochemical evaluation. In addition, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. The levels of SOD and GSH-Px decreased significantly, whereas the level of MDA significantly increased in animals treated with formaldehyde compared with the controls. Apoptosis of spermatogenetic and Leydig cells of testicular tissues was observed. In contrast, rats with melatonin SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activity increased whereas MDA levels decreased with formaldehyde exposure along with apoptosis. In view of the present findings, it is suggested that melatonin treatment may prevent formaldehyde-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat testes. Copyright © Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.Öğe Protective effects of omega-3 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde-induced cerebellar damage in rats(Sage Publications Inc, 2011) Zararsız, İsmail; Meydan, Sedat; Sarsılmaz, Mustafa; Songur, Ahmet; Özen, Oğuz Aslan; Söğüt, SadıkThis study aimed to investigate changes in the cerebellum of formaldehyde-exposed rats and the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on these changes. The study involved 21 male Wistar-Albino rats which were divided into three groups. The rats in Group I comprised the control group. The rats in Group II were injected with intraperitoneal 10% formaldehyde every other day. The rats in Group III received omega-3 fatty acids daily while exposed to formaldehyde. At the end of the 14-day experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation and the cerebellum removed. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), xanthine oxidase (XO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in cerebellum specimens by using spectrophotometric methods. In our study, levels of SOD and CAT were significantly decreased, and GSH-Px, XO, MDA levels were significantly increased in rats treated with formaldehyde compared with those of the controls. Whereas, it was seen that there was an increase in SOD and CAT enzyme activities and decrease in MDA, XO, and GSH-Px levels in rats administered to omega-3 fatty acids with exposure of formaldehyde. It was determined that exposure of formaldehyde increased free radicals in cerebellum of rats and this increase was prevented by administration of omega-3 fatty acids.Öğe Significant features of basal and maximal energy expenditure parameters in obese adults(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2013) Uygur, Emine; Üçok, Kağan; Genç, Abdurrahman; Şener, Ümit; Uygur, Ramazan; Songur, AhmetAim: To compare body composition, resting metabolic rate, and maximal aerobic capacity parameters in obese adults and healthy controls, as well as to investigate the associations among these parameters. Materials and methods: A total of 120 participants, 60 obese participants (30 male, 30 female) with body mass indexes (BMIs) over 30 kg/m(2) and 60 healthy controls (30 male, 30 female) with BMIs of 18-25 kg/m(2), were included in the study. BMI was calculated as body weight divided by the square of the height (kg/m2). Body fat percentage, total body fat, and lean body mass were established with bioelectric impedance analysis. Resting metabolic rates (RMRs) were determined with indirect calorimeter. Maximal aerobic capacity was estimated with the Astrand exercise protocol. Results: RMRs (kcal/day) were significantly higher in male and female obese individuals than in the controls. VO2 max (L/min) levels were not significantly different between obese and control individuals of either sex. However, RMR per kilogram of body weight and VO2 max expressed in milliliters per kilogram of body weight were significantly lower in male and female obese adults compared to the controls. BMI, body fat percentage, and total body fat were positively correlated with RMR (kcal/day), but negatively correlated with RMR [(kcal/day)/kg] and VO2 max (mL/kg/min) in both sexes. Conclusion: We suggest that resting and maximal energy expenditure per kilogram of body weight are impaired in obese adults. Both low resting metabolic rate and weak maximal aerobic capacity are related to excess body fat in obese subjects.Öğe Superior Sagittal Sinus Bifurcation Variation(Modestum Ltd, 2013) Özen, Oğuz Aslan; Turamanlar, Ozan; Kırpıko, Oğuz; Songur, Ahmet; Eser, OlcayIt is important to define the dural sinuses during assessment of the clinical presentations in neurosurgery and neurology and especially before performing surgical interventions involving the brain. Variations of dural sinuses are frequently seen in confluence of the sinuses. In our case, cranial venous MRI angiography of a 49-year-old male patient demonstrated that the superior sagittal sinus bifurcated near sutura lambdoidea of the cranium. These coursed as two separate branches and drained into the transverse sinus without forming the confluence of the sinuses. Sinus rectus joined to the left transverse sinus. We think that this unusual variation which was not reported before will contribute to the assessment of the neurologic presentations and also to the surgical interventionsÖğe The Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on the Rat Brain: An Experimental Study(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2013) Eser, Olcay; Songur, Ahmet; Aktaş, Cevat; Karavelioğlu, Ergun; Çağlar, Veli; Aylak, Firdevs; Kanter, MehmetAIM: The aim of this study is to determine the structural changes of electromagnetic waves in the frontal cortex, brain stem and cerebellum. MATERIAL and METHODS: 24 Wistar Albino adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I consisted of control rats, and groups II-IV comprised electromagnetically irradiated (EMR) with 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz. The heads of the rats were exposed to 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz microwaves irradiation for 1h per day for 2 months. RESULTS: While the histopathological changes in the frontal cortex and brain stem were normal in the control group, there were severe degenerative changes, shrunken cytoplasm and extensively dark pyknotic nuclei in the EMR groups. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the Total Antioxidative Capacity level was significantly decreased in the EMR groups and also Total Oxidative Capacity and Oxidative Stress Index levels were significantly increased in the frontal cortex, brain stem and cerebellum. IL-1 beta level was significantly increased in the EMR groups in the brain stem. CONCLUSION: EMR causes to structural changes in the frontal cortex, brain stem and cerebellum and impair the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine system. This deterioration can cause to disease including loss of these areas function and cancer development.Öğe The effects of inhaled formaldehyde on the activities of some metabolic enzymes in the liver of male rats: Subchronic (13-weeks) effects(2004) Yılmaz, H. Ramazan; Özen, Oğuz Aslan; Özyurt, Hüseyin; Songur, Ahmet; Şahin, Şemsettin; Sarsılmaz, MustafaWe aimed to investigate the effects of different formaldehyde (FA) concentrations on some enzyme activities that take part in metabolic pathways in the liver. The enzymes studied were hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) which are included in the three main metabolic pathways; glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and pentose phosphate pathway. Thirty male Wistar albino rats were raudemly divided into 3 separate groups (10 per group). The first ten rats were used as control (grup I). Rats were exposed to atmosphere containing 10 and 20 ppm FA continuously (8 hours per day, 5 days per week) in groups II and III. HK, G6PD, 6PGD, LDH, and MDH activities were measured in liver tissues. The results showed a remarkable reduction in G6PD and 6PGD activities, significant increase in MDH activity in liver tissues from rats exposed to 10 ppm FA for 13-weeks. There were no differences in the activities of HK and LDH between test and control groups. Conversely G6PD activity was decreased and MDH activity was increased in liver tissues from rats exposed to 20 ppm FA for 13-weeks. These results may suggest the possible changing effect of FA inhalation on metabolic enzymes in liver.Öğe The protective effect of avocado soybean unsaponifilables on brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat prefrontal cortex(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2011) Eser, Olcay; Songur, Ahmet; Yaman, Mehmet; Coşar, Murat; Fidan, Hüseyin; Şahin, Onder; Büyükbaş, SadıkObject. We investigated the protective effects of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) after global brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods. Rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups as follows: Group I was control rats, Group II was ischemia rats, Group III was Isch+ASU rats. Brain ischemia was produced via four-vessel occlusion model. These processes followed by reperfusion for 30 min for both II and III groups. Rats were sacrificed and their brains were removed immediately. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in left PFC, levels of TNF-alpha concentration were measured in the plasma. The number of apoptotic neurons was assayed in histological samples of the right PFC. Results. MDA and TNF-alpha levels as well as the number of apoptotic neurons were observed to have decreased significantly in Group III compared to Group II, while SOD activities have been found to have increased significantly in Group III in comparison to Group II, significantly. Conclusions. We think that ASU might have an antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in brain I/R injured rats.Öğe The Toxic Effects of Formaldehyde on the Nervous System(Springer, 2010) Songur, Ahmet; Özen, Oğuz Aslan; Sarsılmaz, Mustafa[No Abstract Available]Öğe Volumetric analysis of vertebral hemangiomas: A retrospective study(2013) Songur, Ahmet; Eser, Olcay; Alkoç, Ozan Alper; Toktaş, Muhsin; Çağlar, Veli; Kaner, Tuncay; Karavelioğlu, ErgünAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bel ağrısı olan hastaların MRG görüntülerinde T12-L5 seviyelerinde vertebral hemanjiomların lokalizasyonunu ve hacmini analize etmektir. Metod: 150 hastanın torako-lomber MR görüntüleri geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Sagital vertebra görüntülerinde vertebra korpusunda hemanjiom tespit edilenler incelendi ve cinsiyet, vertebra ve vertebra korpus lokalizasyonuna göre bulgular değerlendirildi. Volümetrik değerlendirme sagittal planda gerçekleştirildi ve Cavalieri prensiplerine göre hesaplandı. Sonuçlar: 22si kadın olmak üzere toplam 24 hastada hemanjiom tespit edildi. İki hastanın değişik vertebra korpusunda iki adet hemanjiomu mevcuttu. Hemanjiomların T12-L5 vertebra korpuslarında lokalizasyonu sırasıyla: 6 (% 23,08), 6 (% 23,08), 3 (% 11,54), 6 (% 23,08), 3 (% 11,54), ve 2 (% 7,69) idi. Sadece 1 (% 3,84) hemanjiom orta bölümdeydi. Kalanların 7 (% 26,92)si ve 18 (% 69,23)i sırasıyla ön ve arka yarıdaydı. Vertebral hemanjiomların ortalama hacimleri T12-L5 vertebra seviyelerinde sırasıyla 0.780±0.165, 1.018 ± 0.210, 0.527 ± 0.079, 2.282 ± 1.333, 3.417 ± 1.598, 0.910 ± 0.070 cm3 dü. Vertebral hemanjiomların total ortalama hacmi ise 1.484 ± 0.393cm3 bulundu. Sonuç: Vertebral hemanjiomların radyolojik özelliklerinde belirli hacimsel farklılık vardır. Bu çalışma, klinik semptomları ve hasta özgeçmişini daha iyi anlamak için hemanjiomların lokalizasyonu, özellikleri ve hacminin önemini belirtmektedir.
