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Öğe Mask-Associated Dry Eye (MADE) in healthcare professionals working at COVID-19 pandemic clinics(NLM (Medline), 2023) Çelik, Ekrem; Polat, E.; Günder, Ece Karasu; Barut, Ergin; Gönen, TansuBackground: Healthcare professionals working at COVID-19 pandemic clinics have to work with masks during long hours. After the widespread use of masks in the community, many mask-related side effects were reported to clinics. The increase in the number of applicants with dry eye symptoms due to mask use in ophthalmology clinics has led to the emergence of the concept of mask-associated dry eye (MADE). We think that it would be valuable to evaluate ocular surface tests with a comparative study using healthcare professionals working in pandemic clinics, which we think is the right study group to examine the effects of long-term mask use. Aims: We aimed to evaluate the mask-associated dry eye (MADE) symptoms and findings in healthcare professionals who have to work prolonged time with face masks in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic clinics. Patients and Methods: In this prospective, observational comparative clinical study, healthcare professionals who use the mask for a long time and work in COVID-19 pandemic clinics were compared with an age and sex-matched control group consisting of short-term masks users, from April 2021 to November 2021. All participants underwent the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear film break-up time (T-BUT), Oxford staining score, Schirmer's test I, and meibography with infrared transillumination. Results: The long-term mask user group consisted of 64 people, while the short-term mask user group consisted of 66 people (260 eyes, total). The OSDI score and Schirmer I measurement were not statistically different between the two groups. T-BUT was statistically significantly shorter in the long-term group (P: 0.008); lid parallel-conjunctival fold, Oxford staining score, and upper and lower lid meibography score were found to be significantly higher in the long-term group (P < 0.001, P: 0.004, P: 0.049, P: 0.044, respectively). Conclusion: Healthcare professionals with longer mask-wearing times are at greater risk of ocular surface damage. It may be considered to prevent this damage by blocking airflow to the ocular surface, such as by wearing a face mask properly or fitting it over the nose with surgical tape. Those who have to work with a mask for a long time during the COVID-19 pandemic should keep in mind the ophthalmology follow-up for eye comfort and ocular surface health.Öğe Protective effects of hesperetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in a rat model(Baycinar Medical Publishing, 2020) Kaya, S.; Kaya, S.A.; Polat, E.; Erboğa, Zeynep Fidanol; Duran, Y.; Polat, Fatin Rüştü; Karaboğa, İhsanBackground: In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate the effects of hesperetin, a natural flavonoid, on a lipopolysaccharideinduced acute lung injury model in rats. Methods: Between March 2019 and May 2019, a total of 18 adult male Wistar albino rats, weighing approximately 250 to 300 g, were randomly divided into three groups as control, lipopolysaccharide, and lipopolysaccharide + hesperetin groups (n=6 in each group). The wet/dry weight ratio of lung tissue was determined. Histopathological changes were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pulmonary nuclear factor-kappa beta, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and alpha-smooth muscle antigen activity were determined with indirect immunohistochemical methods. Pulmonary apoptosis was detected with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling method. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 concentrations were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Treatment with hesperetin significantly improved the architecture of lung tissue and reduced the wet/dry weight ratio, nuclear factor-kappa beta, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and alphasmooth muscle antigen expression, pulmonary apoptosis, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that hesperetin has a potent protective effect against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats via suppression of the proinflammatory cytokine cascade, nuclear factor-kappa beta, signaling pathway activation, and apoptosis. © 2020 All right reserved by the Turkish Society of Cardiovascular Surgery.Öğe Retinal neurodegeneration in metabolic syndrome: a spectral optical coherence tomography study(International Journal of Ophthalmology (c/o Editorial Office), 2023) Polat, E.; Çelik, Ekrem; Toğaç, M.; Şahin, A.• AIM: To evaluate the effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on retinal neurodegeneration by optical coherence tomography (OCT). • METHODS: Patients diagnosed as MetS were compared with the age and sex-matched healthy control group (CG). Waist circumference measurements, fasting serological biochemical tests, and systemic blood pressures of all participants were evaluated. The MetS group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the number of MetS components: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia (low-, high-density lipoprotein, hypertriglyceridemia), and visceral obesity findings; 3-component MetS3, 4-component MetS4, and all-component MetS5. All patients underwent complete eye examination and spectral OCT retinal imaging. • RESULTS: Totally 58 eyes of 58 patients were included in the MetS group and 63 eyes of 63 age and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in CG. MetS group was composed of 22 subjects in MetS3, 21 subjects in MetS4, and 15 subjects in the MetS5 subgroup. Mean foveal thickness (MetS, 218.7±23.1 µm vs CG, 228.8±21.9 µm, P=0.015), mean inferior (MetS, 283.4±17.0 µm vs CG, 288.7±38.4 µm, P=0.002), superior (MetS, 287.0±18.5 µm vs CG 297.3±17.1 µm, P=0.001), nasal (MetS 287.3±16.7 µm vs CG 297.9±13.9 µm, P=0.000) and temporal (274.5±17.6 µm vs CG 285.6±13.6 µm, P=0.000) thickness in the 3 mm Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) circle was significantly lower in the MetS group. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean inferior, superior, nasal, and temporal thickness of 6 mm ETDRS circle, total macular volume, peripapillary and macular retinal nerve fiber layer, macular ganglion cell layer with inner plexiform layer, and ganglion cell complex. No statistically significant difference was found in these values between the MetS3, MetS4, and the MetS5 groups. • CONCLUSION: A significant reduction in central macular region thickness in MetS is detected and macular thickness is more susceptible to MetS induced neurodegeneration than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer. © 2023 International Journal of Ophthalmology (c/o Editorial Office). All rights reserved.Öğe Royal jelly attenuates gastric mucosal injury in a rat ethanol-induced gastric injury model(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2020) Duran, Y.; Karaboğa, İhsan; Polat, Fatin Rüştü; Polat, E.; Erboğa, Zeynep Fidanol; Ovalı, M. A.; Yılmaz, A.; Çelikkol, A.The aim of the study was to investigate traditionally used Royal Jelly (RJ) for treating an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. A total of 32 Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups of 8: group I = Control, group II = Ethanol, group III = RJ + Ethanol, and group IV = Lansoprazole + Ethanol. In groups II, III, and IV, animals were administered 1 ml of absolute ethanol orally after a 24-h fast to induce ulcer formation. The histopathological changes in the gastric mucosa were determined using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Immunohistochemically, inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and nuclear factor kappa beta (Nf-??) markings were evaluated in gastric tissue. Cell death in the gastric mucosa was determined by the TUNEL method. Oxidative status markers, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Expression of the interleukin – 1 beta (IL-1?) and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) genes in gastric tissues was determined by real-time PCR; and TNF-?, IL-10, and IL-1? levels were determined. RJ was found to inhibit iNOS and Nf-?? activity in the gastric mucosa and prevent epithelial cell apoptosis. In particular, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-? and IL-1? levels were significantly decreased in the RJ + Ethanol group compared to the Ethanol group. In addition, a decrease in the MPO level indicated that RJ prevented tissue damage, especially by preventing inflammatory cell infiltration. The study demonstrated a possible gastroprotective effect of RJ in a rat ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V.
