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A Site-Specific Index to Control the Total Effect of Point Sources Discharges and to Achieve 'Good Chemical Status' in Effluent Dependent and Effluent Dominated Water Bodies: Application on Ergene River Basin
(Springer, 2013) Güneş, Elçin; Talinli, I.
In this study, a simple site-specific index entitled Discharge Effect Index (DEI) was developed to rank and control the potential risks of point sources discharges effects to Ergene River and its branches. The basin is densely populated and heavily industrialized and all the water bodies in the basin are effluent-dependent or dominated. A case study is presented to assess the most important pollution parameters in the water bodies and to evaluate relationship between toxicity to Vibrio fischeri organism and chemical parameters in receiving waters. The aim of the study was to develop a simple site-specific control approach for seriously polluted and effluent-dominated water bodies in this developing country, Turkey and guide to decision makers about controlling point sources pollution in such heavily industrialized basins and achieve 'good chemical status' in ambient waters. The results of the study should be useful to encourage site-specific policies on point sources pollution especially to who had such these pollution problems in their receiving water bodies.
Abatement of Organic Pollutant Concentrations in Residual Treatment Sludges: A Review of Selected Treatment Technologies Including Drying
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2011) Tunçal, Tolga; Jangam, Sachin V.; Güneş, Elçin
As a result of increasing population, industrialization, and effluent quality, sludge production has increased worldwide. Organic micropollutants in sludge have become a more critical environmental health concern compared to heavy metals. New sludge disposal regulations limit persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in addition to conventional organic indicators like total and dissolved organic carbon. This study aims at providing a brief review on POP concentration in the sludge in different regions of the world, sludge regulations, assessment of conventional biological sludge stabilization methods according to their ability to remove POPs, and discussions on alternative sludge treatment methods. The impact of sludge treatment unit operations including conditioning, thickening, mechanical and thermal dewatering, and biological and thermal stabilization on sludge management is also discussed in the context of organics. The occurrence and removal of micropollutants such as absorbable organic halogen compounds (AOX), nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE), di-2-(ethyl-hexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/F), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are also evaluated specifically for sludge treatment unit operations. A concise discussion is also included on different drying technologies suitable for drying of sludge.
Adsorption of industrial Acid Red 114 onto Fe3O4@ Histidine magnetic nanocomposite
(Desalination Publ, 2017) Yıldız, Aylin; Güneş, Elçin; Amir, M. D.; Baykal, Abdulhadi
Fe3O4@ Histidine (Fe3O4@ His) magnetic nanocomposite (MNCs) was successfully prepared by simple thermal decomposition method. The final obtained products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Powder XRD analysis confirmed the single phase of Fe3O4 spinel structure. SEM and TEM analysis indicated that Fe3O4@ His MNCs were nanoparticles-like structure with small agglomeration. FT-IR results revealed that L-histidine made a bond through its COO-group with Fe3O4 Nanoparticles (NPs). There is electrostatic attraction between cationic NH2 group (NH3+) of Fe3O4@ His MNCs and anionic dye. The Fe3O4@ His MNC has much higher adsorbed amount of Acid Red 114 (AR114) than the Fe3O4 NPs at pH 5 and 8. At pH -5 on the nanoparticle surface via ammonium groups. Thermal analysis showed the decomposition of the L-histidine capping. The hysteresis (sigma-H) curves revealed Fe3O4@ His MNC exhibit a typical super paramagnetic characteristic with a saturation magnetization of 45.5 emu/g. The adsorption capacity of low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbents Fe3O4@ His nanocomposite for removal of industrial AR114 from wastewater was investigated. Therefore, pH of 5 and contact time of 120 min were found to be optimum for maximum removal of AR114 by Fe3O4@ His MNCs. The experimental data of adsorption obey Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4@ His MNC for AR114 was 140.8 mg/g at pH 5. The reusability of the Fe3O4@ His MNCs was also done, and significant removal of AR114 obtained even after five cycles. Thus, Fe3O4@ His MNCs considered as a good stability and reusability absorbent for the removal of industrial AR114.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue using Bottom Ash: Experimental Design, Isotherm Analysis, and Optimum Conditions
(Global NEST, 2024) Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Cihan, Mehmet Timur; Güneş, Elçin; Öztürk, Tuba; Güneş, Yalçın
This study investigated the removal of methylene blue (MB) via adsorption using waste bottom ash. The bottom ash, sourced from a waste storage site in the Çorlu district of Tekirdağ province, Thrace Region, was utilized as the adsorbent. The research examined the impact of several variables on MB removal, including bottom ash dosage, pH, contact time, and agitation speed. It was found that all parameters had a single-variable effect, while pH exhibited a quadratic effect on MB removal in a model-based analysis. The optimization of the model for maximum MB removal identified the optimal conditions as 0.978 g bottom ash dosage, pH 3, 15 minutes of adsorption time, and 50 rpm agitation speed. Under these conditions, the model predicted an MB removal efficiency of 71%, which was experimentally confirmed to be 72.5%. The adsorption process was found to fit with the Freundlich isotherm, indicating a multilayer adsorption mechanism on the heterogeneous surface of the adsorbent. This research not only highlights the feasibility of using bottom ash from coal combustion as an economical adsorbent for dye-contaminated wastewater but also underscores its potential to inform and inspire future studies on waste recycling and wastewater treatment. © 2024 Global NEST.
Adsorption of Reactive Blue 222 onto an industrial solid waste included Al(III) hydroxide: pH, ionic strength, isotherms, and kinetics studies
(Desalination Publ, 2015) Güneş, Elçin; Kaygusuz, Tolga
In this study, an industrial waste sludge composed of metal hydroxides was used as a low-cost adsorbent for removing a reactive textile dye. Removal of the reactive dye Reactive Blue 222 (RB 222) onto an industrial solid waste included Al(III) hydroxides was studied using various parameters such as initial dye concentration, pH, electrolyte concentration, and agitation time. The maximum dye removal efficiency was obtained without pH adjustment in the study. The amount of dye adsorbed increased with increase in agitation time and it achieved to equilibrium at 90min. The amount of dye adsorbed per unit weight of adsorbent values reduced in the dye solution with NaCl and Na2SO4. Adsorption equilibrium studies were employed to determine the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Freundlich model yielded better fit than the Langmuir model for the adsorption of RB 222 on waste metal hydroxide. The Langmuir adsorption capacity was found to be 18.38mg dye/g adsorbent. Adsorption kinetics obeyed a second-order kinetic model.
Atıksulardan Koi ve Renk Giderimi: Fenton Prosesinin Optimizasyonu
(2015) Güneş, Elçin; Cihan, Mehmet Timur
Bu çalışmada, atıksulardan Fenton prosesi ile KOİ ve renk giderimi için gerekli şartların optimizasyonu sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada, tepki değişkenleri Y1 ve Y2 sırasıyla KOİ giderim verimi (%) ve renk giderim verimi (%), etki değişkenleri A, B ve C sırasıyla H2O2 miktarı (mmol/L), reaksiyon süresi (sa) ve H2O2/Fe2+ oranı olarak seçilmiştir. Deneysel tasarım olarak iki düzeyli faktöriyel tasarım kullanılmıştır. Köşe noktalarda 23=8, merkez noktasında 3 ve toplamda 3.(8+3)=33 deneme noktasında ölçüm gerçekleştirilmiştir. H2O2 miktarı (mmol/L), reaksiyon süresi (saat) ve H2O2/Fe2+ oranı olmak üzere üç değişkenin KOİ giderim ve renk giderim verimlerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. KOİ giderme verimi ve renk giderme verimi birlikte dikkate alındığında optimum şartlar H2O2 konsantrasyonu 8 mmol/L, temas süresi 3 sa ve HO2/Fe2+ oranı 2.6 olarak seçilmiştir. Bu şartlarda en yüksek KOİ giderim verimi ve renk giderim verimi sırasıyla %82 ve %93 olarak bulunmuştur.
Characterisation of aluminium industrial wastewater and investigation of recovery alternatives
(2022) Kaya, Hicran; Güneş, Elçin; Aydın, Nesli
Aluminium industry is one of the largest sectors and wastewater generated from this industry could cause crucial environmental problems due to its high heavy metal concentration and conductivity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the characterisation of the wastewater discharged from the two aluminium facilities by considering water recovery potential. While Facility-A produces stainless steel kitchenware, such as pots and pans, In Facility-B, anodised coating takes place from secondary aluminium and wastewater is generated from the units where anodised coating baths and control processes are carried out. For the analyses, the wastewater composite samples from different sections, such as washing, sand-blasting and dyeing in Facility-A were taken in 2 and 24 hours. In Facility-B, three 2-hour composite influent water samples and an effluent sample from chemical wastewater treatment were taken to determine conductivity, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), etc. As a result of the analyses made, a high value of TSS was detected at all sampling points in Facility-A. It was also seen that the conductivity after demineralisation process in Facility-A was below 30. In Facility-B, it was determined that while the pH obtained from two influent samples was below the discharge limits and showed acidic characteristics, one sample was very basic with a pH value of 12.19 and exceeds the upper limit of discharge. All influent samples in Facility-B show high TSS content in comparison with discharge limits specified in the regulation.
Characterisation study of solid wastes: A case of districts in Tekirdağ
(2022) Gümüş Bayındır, Kübra; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Aydın, Nesli; Güneş, Elçin
In this study, solid waste characterisation of high-income, middle-income, low-income regions and market areas in Tekirdağ Metropolitan Municipality was carried out in winter and summer, 2016. As a result, the amount of organic wastes (kitchen wastes, park and green wastes) and packaging waste (paper, cardboard, bulky cardboard, plastics, glass, metals and bulky metals) in Tekirdağ were determined as 41.02% and 32.4% respectively, by waste sampling. When waste characterisation was analysed based on the districts, it was seen that paper and plastic waste is mostly produced from the Çorlu district. The reason for this could be the high level of welfare of the citizens living in Çorlu and the high number of working people compared to other districts due to the high density of industrial facilities. It was also seen that the ash percentage of waste is high in the districts of Hayrabolu, Şarköy, Muratlı, Marmaraereğlisi, Malkara and Saray, which are the districts not covered by natural gas distribution grid. Waste samples were characterised in the Tubitak Energy Institute Laboratory to determine the moisture content, calorific value and glow loss. The results showed that there is a high moisture and organic matter in the wastes, which makes the incineration method not suitable for the treatment of solid wastes in Tekirdağ. The results of this study highlighted that there is a potential for introducing recycling schemes especially in high income regions in Tekirdağ. To initiate such programmes, collected municipal waste could be separated in two streams in place; organics and co-mingled dry-recyclables.
Characterization and treatment alternatives of industrial container and drum cleaning wastewater: Comparison of Fenton-like process and combined coagulation/oxidation processes
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2019) Güneş, Elçin; Demir, Emre; Güneş, Yalçın; Hanedar, Asude
Industrial container and drum cleaning (ICDC) facilities generated complex wastewater which have organic/inorganic compounds, acids, alkalis, metals, dyes, asbestos, PCBs, chemical cleaning solutions or textile auxiliary chemicals. Treatment of such these wastewaters containing all these pollutants is also very difficult. It is required that the wastewater chemical oxygen demand (COD) is below 1500 mg/L to treat in a centralized wastewater treatment facility in Thrace Region, Turkey. In this study the characterization of ICDC industrial wastewater and treatment alternatives of this wastewater using Fenton-like (FL) process, acidic coagulation-flocculation + H2O2/UV-C (CF + H2O2/UV-C) and acidic coagulation-flocculation + S2O82- (CF + S2O82-) processes have been studied. The existing treatment system already has a biological treatment system after coagulation-flocculation system and couldn't be operated effectively in spite of all the efforts. We have studied processes that can be integrated into the coagulation-flocculation (CF) process used in the existing wastewater treatment plant. According to characterization study, COD values were in the range of 4584-18125 mg/L. The COD of the wastewater used in treatment experiments were 11,853 mg/L. According to the results FL and CF + S2O82- systems were suitable for the COD discharge standards specified for the centralized wastewater treatment plant. The optimum conditions of FL process were 0.8 g/L for FeCl3 and 45 g/L for H2O2 and COD was measured as about 1500 mg/L at these doses. The optimum conditions of CF + S2O82- system were determined as 0.64 g/L FeCl3 for CF and 15 g/L H2O2 doses. At these dosages the highest COD removal efficiency was achieved to 68% after 5 h. All methods used were suitable for the removal of COD, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus (TP) and of some metals. Considering the integration into the existing treatment system and applicability, it is concluded that the FL process is most favorable.
Cod and Color Removal From Wastewaters: Optimization of Fenton Process
(Pamukkale Univ, 2015) Güneş, Elçin; Cihan, Mehmet Timur
In this study, COD and color removal from wastewaters by Fenton's oxidation were investigated. In the study the response variables of Y-1 and Y-2 were selected as COD removal rate (%) and color removal rate(%), and efficacy variables of A, B, anc C were selected as H2O2 concentration (mmol/L), reaction time (h) and H2O2/Fe2+. The experimental design was used as a two-level factorial design. In the corner points 2(3) = 8, in the center points 3 and a total of 3.(8+3)=33 experiments were conducted. Effect of H2O2 concentration (mmol/L), reaction time (h) and H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio on COD removal rate and color removal rate were investigated. The optimum conditions for maximum COD removal rate and color removal rate were at H2O2 concentration 8 mmol/L, reaction time 3 h and H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio 2.6. At optimum conditions 82% COD removal rate and 93% color removal rate were achieved.
Color and Cod Removal From Treated Textile Industry Effluents with Various Adsorbents
(Yildiz Technical Univ, 2017) Kaykıoğlu, Gül; Güneş, Elçin; Güneş, Yalçın; Çelik, Suna Özden
The rapid depletion and pollution of water resources are extremely negative impact on all life in Ergene River Basin in Turkey. The highly polluted sites were Corlu and Cerkezkoy in the basin which located near the most urbanized and industrialized area. New discharge standards were developed by Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation (TWPCR) for COD (chemical oxygen dimend) and color to prevent pollution caused by insufficient wastewater treatment in the basin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color and COD removal efficiency of various adsorbents for biologically treated effluents of a local textile factory in Corlu which has COD: 200 mg/L and color: 39.4 m(-1). In the study four adsorbents were used: the waste metal hydroxide (WMH) obtained from aluminum electroplating industry, colemanite waste (CW) and ulexite waste (UW) collected from boron ore wastes and magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) (MNP). The adsorption of color and COD onto different adsorbents were studied at natural pH (pH 7.5), different adsorbent doses (2-30 g/L) and different contact times (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 min). The color removal efficiencies of WMH and UW were bigger than MNP and CW. Adsorption with UW achieved to equilibrium at 120 min and with WMH at 180 min. The maximum color removal efficiencies were 67% for UW and 57% for WMH. The maximum COD removal efficiencies were 72% for UW and 70% for WMH. Both adsorbents were reduced COD below 100 mg/L and color below 20 m(-1). Freundlich model yielded better fit than the Langmuir model for the adsorption of color and COD on UW and WMH.
Comparison of Acid Red 114 Dye Adsorption by Fe3O4 and Fe3O4 Impregnated Rice Husk Ash
(Hindawi Ltd, 2016) Kaykıoğlu, Gül; Güneş, Elçin
The removal of Acid Red 114 (AR114) dye by adsorption process, using the magnetic nanoparticle (RHA-MNP) which is produced from rice husk ash burned at 300 degrees C and the magnetic nanoparticle (MNP, Fe3O4), was studied. Batch processes were used under different test parameters: pH (2, 4, 6, and 10) and without pH, initial dye concentration (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/L), and contact time (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 150 min). Optimum conditions for AR114 removal were found to be at natural pH (pH without correction) for both adsorbents. Freundlich isotherm was found to be more consistent for MNP and Langmuir isotherm was found to be more consistent for RHA-MNP. The maximum adsorption capacities of MNP and RHA-MNP adsorbents for AR114 dye were equal to 111 mg/g. The kinetic experimental data fitted the pseudo-second-order model for both MNP and RHA-MNP. It can be concluded that RHA-MNP which is a waste could be used as low-cost adsorbent to remove AR114 from aqueous solution.
Comparison of coagulation-flocculation, ozonation and fenton processes for the treatment of Municipal Sanitary Landfill leachate
(Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania, 2021) Güneş, Yalçın; Şahinci, Evren; Güneş, Elçin
This experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of coagulation-flocculation (CF), ozonation (O), coagulation-flocculation after ozonation (O/CF), ozonation after coagulation-flocculation (CF/O) and Fenton processes on the Tekirdağ Province Municipal Sanitary Landfill leachate treatment in the city of Tekirdağ. Also, the effects of Al2(SO4)3 and FeCl3 dosages on coagulation-flocculation process, oxidation time on ozonation process and H2O2 and FeSO4 dosages on Fenton process in the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were studied. The following parameters were analyzed for characterization study: pH, conductivity, COD, dissolved COD, total suspended solids (TSS), NH4-N and alkalinity. The study shows that in CF, FeCl3 was effective for all three samples in terms of COD removal and the removal efficiencies for Sample 1, 2 and 3 were 40.5%, 46.8% and 55.2%, respectively. The amount of ozone applied in ozonation process was 1 g O3 per hour and after 120 minutes ozonation the COD removal efficiencies were insufficient and 14.5%, 24.4% and 31.8%, respectively. In all treatment methods the best removal efficiencies were obtained as 80.2%, 79.6% and 78.8%, respectively by Fenton process. The COD values for Samples 1, 2 and 3 after the Fenton process were found to be 509, 456 and 397 mg/L, respectively. It was also determined that the removal efficiencies of coagulation-flocculation process which applied after ozonation were 70.4%, 74.4% and 67.7%, respectively and close to the Fenton process. © 2021 Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania. All rights reserved.
Comparison of Fenton process and adsorption method for treatment of industrial container and drum cleaning industry wastewater
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Güneş, Elçin; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Çelik, Suna Özden
The present study aims to explore the characterization of industrial container and drum cleaning (ICDC) industry wastewater and treatment alternatives of this wastewater using Fenton and adsorption processes. Wastewater derived from ICDC industry is usually treated by chemical coagulation and biological treatment in Turkey and then discharged in a centralized wastewater treatment facility. It is required that the wastewater COD is below 1500mg/L to treat in a centralized wastewater treatment facility. The wastewater samples were characterized for parameters of pH, conductivity, COD, BOD5, TSS, NH3-N, TN, TOC, TP, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg. Initial COD values were in the range of 11,300-14,200mg/L. The optimum conditions for Fenton treatment were 35-40g/L for H2O2, 2-5g/L for Fe2+, and 13-36 for H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio. The optimum conditions of PAC doses and contact times in adsorption studies were 20-30g/L and 5-12 h, respectively. Removal efficiencies of characterized parameters for the three samples were compared for both Fenton and adsorption processes under optimum conditions. The results suggest that these wastewaters are suitable for discharge to a centralized wastewater treatment plant.
COMPARISON OF TREATMENT OF TEXTILE WASTEWATER WITH ADSORPTION PROCESS, SULFATE AND HYDROXYL RADICAL-BASED OXIDATION PROCESSES
(Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania, 2023) Çifçi, Deniz Izlen; Güneş, Elçin; Güneş, Yalçin
In this study, the treatment of textile wastewater by adsorption, sulfate radical-based oxidation (UV/S2O8), and hydroxyl radical-based (UV/H2O2) oxidation methods was investigated. The effects of pH and Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) dose on the adsorption process were assessed, and advanced oxidation processes by UV/S2O8and UV/H2O2in wastewater after the adsorption were also investigated. In addition, the treatment of textile wastewater by UV/S2O8and UV/H2O2oxidation processes as a single process was examined and optimum pH and oxidant dose were determined in these treatments. In the adsorption process, 81.3% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 83.6% Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and 97.0% color removal were achieved at pH 5 and 20 g/L PAC dose. In addition, 98% COD and 94% TOC removal has been achieved with UV/S2O8or UV/H2O2oxidation processes after adsorption. While 76% COD removal can be achieved with UV/S2O8as a single process, COD removal can increase to 90% in the UV/H2O2oxidation as a single process. As a result, COD and TOC removal with UV/S2O8or UV/H2O2processes increased if applied after the adsorption process. According to the results of this study, these methods seem to be promising in terms of recycling and reuse of textile wastewater. However, there is a need to investigate the removal of other pollutants expresses as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), or salts for water recovery and reuse. © 2023 Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania. All rights reserved.
Comparison of Wool Fabric Dyeing with Natural and Synthetic Dyes in View of Ecology and Treatability
(Amer Assoc Textile Chemists Colorists-Aatcc, 2020) Atav, Rıza; Güneş, Elçin; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Güneş, Yalçın
The aim of this study was to compare the fastness properties and wastewater quality in obtaining the same color on 100% woven wool fabric with natural (madder) and synthetic (1:1 metal complex) dyes. The same color, with similar wet fastness properties, was obtained on the wool fabric when dyed with either dye. On the other hand, conductivity, the mcal oxygen demand (COD), and the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content of dyeings carried out with the synthetic dye mixture were considerably higher than dyeing with madder root extract, and its pH was more acidic, However, the amount of volatile suspended solids and color obtained in natural dyeing was higher than the amount in the synthetic dyeing wastewater.
Decolorization potential of reactive dyes by using galvanising industry's waste (aluminum hydroxide sludge) depending on dye chromophore
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Aydın, Nesli; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Güneş, Elçin; Güneş, Yalçın; Atav, Rıza
The galvanising industry's wastewater treatment facilities generate waste metal hydroxide. These sludges have the potential to be used to remove textile dyes from effluents. In this study, three reactive dyes, which are frequently used in cellulosic textile materials' dyeing, Remazol Turquoise Blue G 133% (CI RB21), Remazol Red 3B (CI RR23), and Remazol Red 3BS 133% (CI RR239) were used to investigate the color removal efficiency of aluminum hydroxide sludge (AHS) depending on dye chromophore. Adsorption studies were conducted under varying conditions of pH, initial dye concentrations, and AHS doses. The characteristics of the AHS were examined by SEM (EDX and DX-Mapping), BET, XRD, and FTIR. The maximum dye removal was achieved at pH 3 for CI RB21, and at pH 5 for CI RR239 and CI RR23. Over 90% of dye removal was obtained for CI RR239 and CI RB21, when the adsorbent dosages were 8 g/l and 5 g/l, respectively. For CI RR23, the highest color removal percentage was only 72.7%, when the dosage of adsorbent was 10 g/l. It was also determined that at 500 mg/l initial CI RB21 dye concentration, the removal percentage of CI RB21 reached 95%, while the maximum removal percentages (95% for CI RR239 and 68.3% for CI RR23) were achieved at the 200 mg/l and 100 mg/l initial dye concentrations for CI RR239 and CI RR23, respectively. In the study, it was observed that the number of sulfo groups affecting the ionic charge of dye molecules and molecular weights of the dyes have a significant effect on the dye removal efficiency.
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil, atmospheric deposition and biomonitor samples in the Meric-Ergene River Basin, Turkey
(Springer, 2020) Hanedar, Asude; Güneş, Elçin; Kaykıoğlu, Gül; Çelik, Suna Özden; Cabi, Evren
In this study, the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in various components in the Meric-Ergene River Basin which is one of Turkey's intensive industrialization centers and which accordingly has faced significant environmental pollution and has about 1300 industrial plants within its boundaries. In the river basin, 16 USEPA PAHs were measured in a total of 192 samples consisting of soil, lichen, pine needle and total deposition samples for 1 year to represent the four seasons at a total of 12 points in 4 different regions which were determined as intensive industrial area, industrial + residential area, agricultural area and background. According to the results obtained, the total PAH values, in all sampling points, varied between 69.6 and 1277.7 ng/g (dry wt) for soil, lichen and pine needle samples and between 0 and 937.8 ng/m(2)-day for the total deposition samples. The highest values were determined in the fall season for the lichen samples and industrial area. The data obtained were evaluated in terms of spatial and seasonal variations, and according to their molecular weights. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) of exposing to soil PAHs were calculated, and maximum ILCR values were observed in industrial areas for child and adults. The diagnostic ratios were performed for determining the source, and the comparison of bioindication features was made for lichen and pine needle samples by comparing with Koa and Kow values of PAHs.
Determination of the color removal efficiency of laccase enzyme depending on dye class and chromophore
(Iwa Publishing, 2019) Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Atav, Rıza; Güneş, Yalçın; Güneş, Elçin
The aim of this article was to clarify which type of dye chromophores could be decolorized efficiently with the use of laccase enzyme. For this purpose, enzymatic degradation of different type of dye classes (4 reactive, 2 acid and 1 basic dye) having various chromophore groups was investigated by using commercial laccase from Cerrena unicolor. It was observed that the chromophore structure of dye is very important on enzymatic color removal efficiency. According to the experimental results, it was found that color removal efficiencies (20 mg/L initial dye) were 98.7% for RB220 (0.1 g/L enzyme after 6 h), 95.1% for RB19 (0.1 g/L enzyme after 48 h), 90.8% for AR42 (0.1 g/L enzyme after 48 h) while they were 60.9% for AR114 (0.25 g/L enzyme), 58.6% for RB21 (0.5 g/L enzyme), 39.7% for RR239 (0.25 g/L enzyme) even after seven days. As a result, it can be said that the highest decolorization rate was achieved for the reactive dye having formazan copper complex (RB220) chromophore. On the other hand, the enzymatic degradation of basic dye (BB9) was found to be rather difficult compared to the acid and reactive dyes used in this study and the maximum color removal was 42.8% after seven days.
EFFECT LEVELS OF REPLACEMENT RATIO AND SPECIMEN AGE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MORTARS CONTAINING WASTE BOTTOM ASH
(Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania, 2024) Günay, Gülbahar; Cihan, Mehmet Timur; Güneş, Elçin
The coarse solid residue formed at the bottom of combustion boilers is called waste bottom ash (WBA). The most important difficulties that can arise when storing WBA are the potential for leaching of hazardous substances and the high space requirement. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to investigate alternative materials capable of substituting for sand, a natural mineral extensively used in concrete and mortar production. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of changing the amount of WBA in concrete and mortar formulations in order to reduce sand consumption in the construction industry and transform WBA into a valuable economic resource for the sector. For this purpose, bottom ash was taken from a landfill in Thrace, an industrially dense region. Effects of the variables of the replacement ratio (B) of WBA in mortar mixtures and the sample age (A) of the formed mortar on the ultrasonic pulse velocity (V), flexural strength (ff), and compressive strength (fc) of mortar were determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and models were created for V, ff, and fc. Notably, there was no decrease in the fc value at 25% B, while an increase in the fc value was achieved at 15% B. The R2 values for the models were 0.99, 0.92, and 0.95 for V, ff, and fc, respectively. The study concludes that WBA can effectively serve as a substitute for standard sand in mortar mixtures at specific ratios. © 2024 Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania. All rights reserved.

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