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Öğe A STIRPAT-based investigation on the role of economic growth, urbanization, and energy consumption in shaping a sustainable environment in the Mediterranean region(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Ulucak, Recep; Erdoğan, Fatma; Bostancı, Seda HilmiyeThe Mediterranean region is highly vulnerable to undesired consequences of global warming triggered by industrialization, urbanization, and mostly fossil energy consumption. However, the region has also great renewable energy generation potential such as solar and wind, which enables countries in the region to considerably mitigate CO2 emissions, the main driver of global warming. Developing countries around the world have less impact on carbon emissions than the developed Global North. Therefore, developing countries in the Mediterranean region are affected by the carbon burden of the first industrialized and developed European countries. This study investigates the role of economic growth, fossil and renewable energy consumption, and urbanization of developing Mediterranean countries in CO2 emissions by using annual data covering 1995–2016 period. To this end, it follows a STIRPAT model including gross domestic product per capita, urbanization, and renewable and non-renewable energy consumption. Considering cross correlation among countries, panel data methodologies are employed to estimate how carbon emissions respond to increase in gross domestic product, urbanization, and disaggregated energy consumption. Empirical results reveal that gross domestic product and fossil energy increase CO2 emissions; urbanization and renewable energy decrease CO2 emissions. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Öğe An Investigation of Participation Banking Performance in Turkey From Customer Perspective:The Case of Kocaeli Province(2020) Erdoğan, Seyfettin; Gedikli, Ayfer; Yıldırım, Seda; Yıldırım, Durmuş Çağrı; Yılmaz Genç, Sema; Haykır Hobikoğlu, Elif; Erdoğan, FatmaTo have an uninterrupted growth performance of participation banks may beonly possible by sustainable development strategies that are consistent withmarket dynamics. Investigating the reasons why customers prefer theseinstitutions, what their expectations are, and analyzing the data obtained fromthese researches are critical in developing strategies. Comprehensive fieldresearch covering all provinces of Turkey which aims to determine the reasonsfor customer preference of participation banks may provide policy implicationsfor the policymakers. As the first step towards carrying out such research, it wasaimed to investigate the reasons for preferring participation banks in Kocaeliprovince. In the study, the required data were collected and analyzed with thehelp of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Firstly, an in-depthinterview method was applied in qualitative research to obtain the data from 12customers working with participation banks in a long period of time. Secondly,the questionnaire method was used to collect data from a wider customer sampleregarding the factors that are important for working with the participationbanks. 407 questionnaires were analyzed and interpreted. 5 main factors, suchas religious factors, service quality variables, social environment effect, financial variables, and marketing mix variables were found to be effective in preferringparticipation banks. The findings of this exploratory study are consistent withthe related literature and it is expected to guide to future studies.Öğe AN INVESTIGATION OF PARTICIPATION BANKING PERFORMANCE IN TURKEY FROM CUSTOMER PERSPECTIVE:THE CASE OF KOCAELI PROVINCE(Ilahiyat Bilimleri Arastirma Vakfi, 2020) Erdoğan, Seyfettin; Gedikli, Ayfer; Yıldırım, Seda; Yıldırım, Durmuş Çağrı; Genç, Sema Yılmaz; Hobikoğlu, Elif Haykır; Erdoğan, FatmaTo have an uninterrupted growth performance of participation banks may be only possible by sustainable development strategies that are consistent with market dynamics. Investigating the reasons why customers prefer these institutions, what their expectations are, and analyzing the data obtained from these researches are critical in developing strategies. Comprehensive field research covering all provinces of Turkey which aims to determine the reasons for customer preference of participation banks may provide policy implications for the policymakers. As the first step towards carrying out such research, it was aimed to investigate the reasons for preferring participation banks in Kocaeli province. In the study, the required data were collected and analyzed with the help of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Firstly, an in-depth interview method was applied in qualitative research to obtain the data from 12 customers working with participation banks in a long period of time. Secondly, the questionnaire method was used to collect data from a wider customer sample regarding the factors that are important for working with the participation banks. 407 questionnaires were analyzed and interpreted. 5 main factors, such as religious factors, service quality variables, social environment effect, financial variables, and marketing mix variables were found to be effective in preferring participation banks. The findings of this exploratory study are consistent with the related literature and it is expected to guide to future studies.Öğe An Investigation of Sukuk in the Gcc Countries(Ilahiyat Bilimleri Arastirma Vakfi, 2020) Gedikli, Ayfer; Erdoğan, Fatma; Taş, Cihan YavuzSince the 1970s, the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council which is composed of Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Oman) members succeeded to have economic development through their natural resource endowment. Nevertheless, starting from the 2000s, they have been struggling with local and international economic and political shocks. It became indispensable to diversify their economies to protect their economies from unexpected external shocks. Islamic financial instruments, particularly sukuk offers alternative solutions to these countries. In this vein, this study focuses on sukuk and its possible role in the macroeconomic performance and sustainable economic growth of the GCC. As a relatively new Islamic financial instrument, sukuk was first issued in 2001-2002 for drawing funds from international funds. Since then, sukuk became one of the most crucial Islamic financial instrument in passing 20 years. The aim of this study is to pinpoint the benefits of sukuk practices for the the GCC economies and analyze how sukuk can contribute to the economic growth in the member countries. The anaysis will be based on the case study. It is concluded that sukuk market has a great potential to contribute to the macroeconomic performance of the GCC. Development of sukuk markets in the GCC will not only promote the financial inclusion but also induce economic growth.Öğe ATATÜRK DÖNEMİNDE EKONOMİK VE SOSYAL YAPININ KURUMSALLAŞMASINA YÖNELİK POLİTİKALAR ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME(Giresun Üniversitesi, 2022) Erdoğan, FatmaTürkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinde Atatürk Dönemi, 1923-1938 dönemini ifade etmektedir. Bu dönemde, Kurtuluş Savaşı’ndan sonra Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün önderliğinde güçlü Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin temelleri atılmaya başlanmıştır. Ekonomik ve sosyal yapının sağlam kurumsal temellere dayanması için çok sayıda politika hayata geçirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ekonomi politikalarının başlıca alt başlıkları, para politikası ve maliye politikası uygulamalarıdır. Sosyal politikaların alt başlıkları ise eğitim, sağlık kent ve kırsal politikalarının uygulanmasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Atatürk döneminde söz konusu politika uygulamalarının performansının değerlendirilmesidir.Öğe Bir İslami finansal enstrüman olarak sukuk ve makroekonomik performans ilişkisi(Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, 2021) Erdoğan, Fatma; Yıldırım, Durmuş Çağrıİslam dini inanç ve bireyin maneviyatına hitap eden kurallar yanında, hukuki, sosyal, siyasi ve ekonomik yaşantıyı da kapsayan kural ve tavsiyeleri içermektedir. Bu kurallar ve tavsiyeler birey yanında toplumu da ele alan hukuki, ekonomik ve sosyal konulardır. Bu geniş kapsam çerçevesinde İslami bankacılık ve İslami finans, İslam ekonomisi düşüncesinden doğarak çeşitli İslami finansal enstrümanlar geliştirmiştir. 20 yılı aşkın bir süredir öne çıkan önemli finansal enstrümanlardan biri de sukuktur. Bu çalışmada, bir İslami finansal enstrüman olarak sukuk uygulamasının makroekonomik performans üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, 7 ülke için 2014Q1-2020Q1 döneminde çeyrek dönemlik veriler ile sukuk hacim ve yoğunluğunun büyüme üzerindeki etkileri ele alınmıştır. Analiz kapsamına Endonezya, Ürdün, Kuveyt, Malezya, Nijerya, Suudi Arabistan ve Türkiye alınmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre sukuk hacminin iktisadi büyüme üzerinde bir etkisinin mevcut olmadığı görülmüştür. Diğer yandan sukuk yoğunluğunun %3.14 seviyesine kadar iktisadi büyümeyi pozitif şekilde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu seviyenin üzerinde ise etki anlamsız hale gelmektedir.Öğe Cumhuriyet Döneminde Savunma Harcamaları ve Çevre Kirliliği İlişkisi Üzerine Bir İnceleme(2022) Erdoğan, FatmaTarih boyunca ulusal güvenliğin temin edilmesi bütün ülkelerinin temel öncelikleri arasında yer almıştır. Ülkeler, sahip oldukları kaynaklar ölçüsünde kamu gelirlerinin bir kısmını savunma harcamalarına aktarmak zorundadırlar. Ancak savunma harcamalarının artışı, beraberinde bazı istenmeyen sonuçlar doğurabilir. Çevre sorunlarının artması söz konusu sorunlardan birisidir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde savunma harcamaları ile çevresel kalite arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Çalışmada ARDL yönteminden yararlanılmış ve Türkiye özelinde 1953 ile 2019 dönemine ait veriler kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre değişkenler arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilişkisi sınır testi ile incelenmiş ve uzun dönemli ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Uzun dönem model sonuçlarına göre savunma harcamaları ile karbon emisyonu arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmazken, hata düzeltme modeli sonuçları kısa dönemde karbon emisyonunun savunma harcamalarından etkilendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuca göre savunma harcamaları arttırılırken, çevresel kaliteyi arttırıcı teknolojilerin geliştirilmesine yönelik tedbirler de alınmalıdır.Öğe Eco-friendly technologies, international tourism and carbon emissions: Evidence from the most visited countries(Elsevier Inc., 2022) Erdoğan, Seyfettin; Gedikli, Ayfer; Cevik, Emrah Ismail; Erdoğan, FatmaThe paper aims to examine the effects of international tourism on carbon emissions in the most visited countries using panel quantile regression for the periods 1995-2018. Since the primary source of carbon emissions from international tourism is transportation, we examine the moderating effect of eco-friendly innovations on the transportation sector for the relationship between international tourism and carbon emissions. Empirical results show that while international tourism led to an increase in carbon emissions between the fifth and ninth quantiles of carbon emissions, eco-friendly innovations for the transportation sector play an essential role in the effect of international tourism on carbon emissions. We find that the impact of improvements in eco-friendly technologies for transportation is significant on carbon emissions at all quantiles and that it eliminates the harmful effect of international tourism on environmental quality. These results are important for policy-makers to reduce carbon emissions from tourism because these countries have committed to reducing their carbon emissions according to the Paris Accord and the Sustainable Development Goals. © 2022Öğe Precious metals as safe-haven for clean energy stock investment: Evidence from nonparametric Granger causality in distribution test(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Erdoğan, Seyfettin; Gedikli, Ayfer; Çevik, Emrah İsmail; Erdoğan, Fatma; Çevik, EmreThe study aims to examine the connectedness between clean energy stocks and precious metals prices under the different market episodes. We employ the Granger causality-in-the distribution test proposed by Candelon and Tokpavi (2016) to investigate the presence of a causality relationship between the variables for the whole dis-tribution because the test has superior power even if the sample size is small. WilderHill Clean Energy Index is considered a benchmark for the clean energy stock market and gold, silver, platinum, and palladium prices are used for the precious metals. By using daily data from January 1, 2001, to December 12, 2021, we find that there is a unidirectional causal link running from the clean energy stock returns to the precious metal prices in the center and the left tail of the distribution. On the other hand, there is strong feedback between the variables in the right tail of the distribution. These results show that clean energy stock prices have an edge in affecting precious metal prices and precious metals cannot be used to hedge the downside risk of clean energy stock investments.Öğe Regime-dependent effect of tourism on carbon emissions in the Mediterranean countries(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Yıldırım, Seda; Yıldırım, Durmuş Çağrı; Aydın, Kenan; Erdoğan, FatmaThis study aims to test the effects of the number of tourist arrivals and tourism receipts on carbon emissions for the Mediterranean countries. The study investigates 15 Mediterranean countries including Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey. The sample countries are selected considering the availability of the data. The annual data covering the period between 2001 and 2017 is used for the empirical analysis. The study employs econometrics models to test the EKC (environmental Kuznets curve) hypothesis. The results show that tourist arrival and tourism receipts reduce carbon emissions. However, this effect differs for equations taking per capita income as regime variables into account. Thus, tourist arrivals increase carbon emission up to a certain threshold within the scope of EKC hypothesis; it decreases carbon emission above this level. On the other hand, the effects of tourism receipts on carbon emissions are statistically insignificant in the first regime and reduce carbon emissions in the second regime. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Öğe The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on health management and health services: A case of Turkey(Duzce University Medical School, 2021) Öncü, Mehmet Akif; Yıldırım, Seda; Bostancı, Seda Hilmiye; Erdoğan, FatmaAim: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global issue that every country has begun to change its economic and social policies due to sustaining public health in the long term. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on health management and health services in Turkey. Material and Methods: This study follows a qualitative research methodology and used secondary data sources. The study used open access data based on The Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) and the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. Data were analyzed by Qualitative Content Analysis. Results: According to the findings obtained, the study provides two main parts as findings. First, the study presents a current profile for the Turkish health sector including 2010-2019. Secondly, the study provides key elements indicating the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health management and health services in Turkey. With the help of classification, tables, and figures, the study provides original findings for the area of health management by giving what kinds of changes have occurred in health policies during COVID-19. Conclusion: When considering the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health management and health services in Turkey, it can be said that Turkey has managed this pandemic period sufficiently. As a sample case, Turkish health policies and new management strategies can guide other developing and developed countries that were unsuccessful to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. This study shows that adaptable and sustainable health policies will keep public health in the long term. © 2021, Duzce University Medical School. All rights reserved.Öğe Time-varying volatility spillovers between real exchange rate and real commodity prices for emerging market economies(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Yıldırım, Durmuş Çağrı; Erdoğan, Fatma; Tarı, Elif NurThis study aims to investigate real effective exchange rates and real commodity prices volatility transmission among Mexico, Indonesia and Turkey. According to the results, there is a bidirectional causality relationship between precious metals and the real exchange rate. However, this relationship varies over time. Especially in times of crisis such as the Covid-19 pandemic, the transfer of volatility disappears. Precious metals have a safe haven feature against the exchange rate. On the other hand, the reverse is not true. During the Covid period, the bilateral risk transfer between crude oil and exchange rate disappears. The crude oil and exchange rate have safe haven feature during the Covid-19 period. Only for Indonesia, there is risk transfer from oil to exchange rates. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
