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    Achievements of the HERACLES Project on Cystic Echinococcosis
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Casulli, Adriano; Siles-Lucas, Mar; Cretu, Carmen Michaela; Vutova, Kamena; Akhan, Okan; Vural, Gülay; Tamarozzi, Francesca
    The FP7 project 'Human Cystic Echinococcosis ReseArch in CentraL and Eastern Societies' (HERACLES), developed between 2013 and 2018 by nine partners in five countries, is one of the largest projects on cystic echinococcosis. Here we present the core HERACLES achievements, which should help to foster the translation of scientific investigations on health policies.
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    Efficacy of novel albendazole salt formulations against secondary cystic echinococcosis in experimentally infected mice
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2020) Vural, G.; Yardımcı, Mehmet; Koçak, Melek; Yaşar, Tuba Özge; Kurt, A.; Harem, İsmail Şah; Casulli, Adriano
    In this study, we evaluated the efficacy, expressed as a mean weight decrease of the whole echinococcal cyst mass, of novel benzimidazole salt formulations in a murine Echinococcus granulosus infection model. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally infected with protoscoleces of E. granulosus (genotype G1). At 9 months post-infection, treatment with albendazole (ABZ), ricobendazole (RBZ) salt formulations, and RBZ enantiomer salts (R)-(+)-RBZ-Na and (S)-(-)-RBZ-Na formulations were initiated. Drugs were orally applied by gavage at 10 mg kg(-1) body weight per day during 30 days. Experimental treatments with benzimidazole sodium salts resulted in a significant reduction of the weight of cysts compared to conventional ABZ treatment, except for the (S)-(-)-RBZ-Na enantiomer formulation. Scanning electron microscopy and histological inspection revealed that treatments impacted not only the structural integrity of the parasite tissue in the germinal layer, but also induced alterations in the laminated layer. Overall, these results demonstrate the improved efficacy of benzimidazole salt formulations compared to conventional ABZ treatment in experimental murine cystic echinococcosis.