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Öğe Anter Kültürü Tekniği ile Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Melez Populasyonlarından Doubled Haploid Bitkilerin Elde Edilmesi(2016) Başer, İsmet; Korkut, Kayıhan Zahit; Bilgin, Oğuz; Balkan, AlpayÇalışmada, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümünde elde edilen 17 F2ekmeklik buğday melez popülasyonu materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Ekmeklik buğday genotipleride erkenorta tek çekirdekli dönemde çiçek tozu içeren anterler W14 besi ortamında kültüre alınmışlardır. Bu ortamdagelişim gösteren kalluslar ve yeşil bitkicikler 190Icu rejenerasyon ortamına aktarılarak gelişimleri sağlanmıştır.Çalışmada anterlerden gelişen kallus sayısı, albino bitkicik sayısı, test tüplerine aktarılan yeşil bitkicik sayısı,toprağa aktarılan yeşil bitki sayısı ve spontan double haloid bitki sayıları belirlenmiştir. Yapılan önemlilik testisonucunda melez popülasyonlarında incelenen tüm karakterlerde genotipler arasında istatistiki olarak önemlifarklılık bulunmuştur. Yeşil bitkicik sayısı 1.0-25.25, kallus sayısı 128.75-2.25, tüplere aktarılan bitkicik sayısı1.0-24.0 adet, toprağa aktarılan bitki sayısı ortalama olarak 0.00-17.50 adet, spontan double haploid bitkioranı %0.00-55.00 arasında değişmiştir. En fazla seraya aktarılan bitki sayısı 17.30 adet ile Sagittario xPehlivan ve 9.50 adet ile Sagittario x Luzanovka melez popülasyonundan elde edilmiştir.Öğe Assessment of early generation performances of durum wheat (Triticum durum l.desf.)(2007) Bilgin, Oğuz; Başer, İsmet; Korkut, Kayıhan Zahit; Balkan, A.A total of 96 mutant lines were sown in augmented design with 4 check varieties without replications in 6 blocks. When mutants and control genotypes in the M5 generation were investigated for six characters, a considerable number of mutants within the desired characters were obtained. Application of mutation doses resulted in significantly short genotypes among the selected mutant genotypes in the M5. The majority of M4 mutant lines had suitable genotypes in terms of plant height and heading, test weight and a thousand kernel weights.Öğe Breeding Potentials of Durum Wheat Landraces for Yield and Quality Traits(Bitki Islahçıları Alt Birliği, 2023) Göçmen, Damla Balaban; Balkan, Alpay; Bilgin, Oğuz; Başer, İsmetThe study was carried out to evaluate yield components and some physiological quality traits for 30 durum wheat landraces (native and foreign originated) and 5 obsolete cultivars in Thrace ecological conditions. Experiments were set up in randomized block design in 3 replicated during the 3 consecutive growing seasons. As a result of the analysis of variance, the differences between the averages of the genotypes for the traits were found to be statistically significant. This indicated that there may be enough variation for traits within landraces. The mean values of genotypes ranged between 2238 kg/ha-1 and 3749 kg/ha-1 for grain yield, 98.8 cm and 135.3 cm for plant height, 6.04 cm and 8.88 cm for spike length, 26.6 and 35.3 for the number of grains per spike, 0.988 g and 1.494 g for grain weight per spike, 36.1 g and 42.7 g for thousand grain weight, 74.4 kg/hl-1 and 79.4 kg/hl-1 for test weight and 82.1% and 94.6% for vitreous grain percentage. Although Kahramanmaraş, Dicle, Boğacak, Sorgül, Ionia, Cyprus and Haurani were determined as promising populations for yield and yield components, Siverek, Çanakkale, Tokat, Gaziantep, Yozgat and Urfa landraces had better physical quality. The estimated coefficient of variation and broad sense heritability shifted from 3.9% to 24.52% and from 7.91% to 72.44% for the traits, respectively. Moderately high coefficient of variation, broad sense heritability a genetic advance for plant height, spike length and vitreous grain percentage indicated that selection based on these traits will be more effective and accomplished in the genetic material.Öğe Buğdayda Yaprak Analiziyle Eksikliği Belirlenen Elementlerin Yapraktan Gübrelemeyle Verim ve Kalite Üzerine Etkileri(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 2016) Öner, Nureddin; Başer, İsmet; Öner, Filiz; Sarıbaş, Ö.Deneme Tekirdağ koşullarında üretimi yapılanan Gelibolu, Enola, ZA-75, Krasunya ve Nina buğday çeşitlerinde kurulmuştur. Üreticimizin toprağa uyguladığı klasik taban ve üst gübresi uygulamasına ilave olarak farklı fenolojik dönemlerde alınan yaprak örneklerinde eksik olan elementlerin iki farklı dönem ve iki farklı dozda yaprak gübresi olarak uygulanmıştır. Yapılan uygulamanın buğday verimi ile birlikte unun kalite özelliklerini belirleyen protein miktarı, gluten oranı, gluten indeksi, normal sedim ve beklemeli sedim özellikleri üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek verim Nina çeşidinde, protein, gluten, normal ve beklemeli sedimantasyon değerleri Krasunia Odes'ka çeşidinde, gluten indeksinde ise Za-75 çeşidinde en yüksek değer bulunmuştur. İki farklı dozda yapılan yaprak gübresi uygulamasında II. doz uygulaması verimde, I doz uygulaması ise protein, gluten, gluten indeksi, normal ve beklemeli sedimantasyon değerlerinde kontrole göre daha yüksek ve istatistiki olarak önemli düzeyde farklı bulunmuştur.Öğe Comparison of bread wheat genotypes for leaf rust resistance genes(Ankara University, 2020) Başer, İsmet; Bilgen, Behiye Banu; Balkan, A.; Korkut, Kayıhan Zahit; Bilgin, Oğuz; Gülfidan, E.Leaf rust caused by Pucinia recondita tritici is one of the most important diseases of bread wheat worldwide. It is considered that the most environmentally sound; low cost method of controlling leaf rust is to breed and grow genetically resistant wheat varieties. In the research, twenty-four bread wheat varieties grown intensively were used as genetic material in Trakya Region where the North-West Part of Turkey. To create artificial leaf rust epidemic in field conditions, two sensitive varieties (Morrocco and Cumhuriyet 75) was sown after each ten genotypes, and the reactions of the varieties to leaf rust were investigated in field conditions. Isogenic lines carrying the genes Lr9, Lr14, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr47 from CIMMYT were used as control genotypes in molecular analysis. In the field conditions, although Pehlivan, Selimiye, Sagittario, Tina, Anapo, Montchill and Saraybosna were the most sensitive genotypes, Nota, Kate A1, Prostor and Sana were the most resistant bread wheat varieties to leaf rust. It was determined that Sana, Pehlivan, Golia, Falmura 85, Saroz 95, Renan, Sirena, Kate A1, Selimiye, Bezostoja 1, Saraybosna, Nina and Tina varieties have Lr9 gene with SSR analysis. It has been observed that all bread wheat varieties carry Lr14, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr47 (except Krasunia, Aldane and Gelibolu varieties) genes. It is revealed that Lr9 and Lr47 genes should be taken into consideration in the studies to be performed in the region and these genes will be useful to examine together with a larger number of leaf rust genes for more successful results in breeding studies. © Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi.Öğe COMPARISON OF SYNTHETIC HEXAPLOID WHEAT LINES FOR RESISTANCE TO ROOT ROT (Fusarium spp.)(Soc Field Crop Sci, 2022) Başer, İsmet; Çay, Feyza Tahan; Göçmen, Damla BalabanIn the study, 58 synthetic bread wheat lines and 6 bread wheat varieties used as standard were used as material. Synthetic bread wheat lines: ZFSN was obtained from the elite 2 synthetic lines of CIMMYT and HRSN was obtained from CIMMYT 14SYNT. In the experiment, Selimiye, Flamura 85, Pehlivan, Aldane, Bereket and Gelibolu bread wheat varieties were used as standard. In the studies carried out in field conditions for two years, only 11 of the 64 genotypes had root rot above the 2.00 scale value. The fact that all of these 11 genotypes are different by years reveals that studies without artificial inoculation should be repeated for more years. In the study carried out with artificial inoculation in laboratory conditions, the root rot values were much higher than the field conditions. The data obtained in two years show higher resistance to root rot of synthetic wheat lines than bread wheat varieties. When inoculated by artificial inoculation, all of the 28 genotypes (2.00-2.33) with the lowest root rot were synthetic bread wheat lines. The highest resistance to root rot was observed in ZFSN 6, HRSN 11-14, HRSN 13-17, HRSN 6-8, ZFSN 8 and ZFSN 3 synthetic bread wheat lines. Data from studies conducted over two years indicate that synthetic bread wheat lines are valuable source material for plant breeding for root rot resistance.Öğe Deficit Irrigation Programs Effects on Yield in Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in Thrace Region Conditions(2023) İstanbulluoğlu, Ahmet; Başer, İsmet; Moray, SametMillets are indigenous to many parts of the world and are more widely grown, especially in areas where water is limited. The most widely grown millet type is sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). A field study was carried out to determine the effect of deficit irrigation regimes on grain yield and seasonal evapotranspiration of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in the Thrace Region of Turkey. The field trials were conducted on a loam Entisol soil, on Öğretmenoğlu and Beydarı, the most popular varieties in the research area. In the study, the split plots experimental design with three replications was used. Eight different irrigation issues are considered, including combinations of the vegetative (V), flowering (F) and grain formation (Y) phases of the plant (including dry conditions, NoI). Results showed that proso millet was significantly affected by water stress during the sensitive flowering stage. The highest grain yield was obtained with 4.09 t ha-1 from Öğretmenoğlu and 4.03 t ha-1 from Beydarı, which was rinsed (VFY) in all development periods. Seasonal irrigation water use and evapotranspiration of the irrigated (VFY) in all development periods were 318 and 579 mm, respectively, for the non- stressed treatment. The seasonal water yield function was calculated as Y = 0.4087 ET + 144.03, and the seasonal yield-water response factor value was calculated as 0.57'.Öğe Determination of Variability Between Grain Yield and Yield Components of Durum Wheat Varieties (Triticum durum Desf.) in Thrace Region(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 2008) Bilgin, Oğuz; Korkut, Zahit Kayıhan; Başer, İsmet; Dağlıoğlu, Orhan; Öztürk, İrfan; Kahraman, TurhanVariability of grain yield and some yield components of 17 durum wheat varieties with native and exotic originated was investigated. This research was performed under rainfed conditions in three different environments (Tekirdağ, Lüleburgaz and Edirne) during two growing years (2001-2002 and 2002-2003). Significant differences among cultivars, locations and production years were determined. The highest variations among characters were found in grain weight/spike, grains/spike, spike length and grain yield. In the first experimental year, there was a high positive significant correlation between grain yield and grain weight/spike, test weight and 1000 grain weight. In the second experimental year, grain yield showed positive and significant correlations with 1000 grain weight, test weight and stem length. The biggest differences among investigated cultivar of durum wheat were found in stem length, grains/spike and 1000 grain weight. Grain yield of examined cultivars depended mainly on 1000 grain weight, test weight, grain weight/spike and agroecological conditions during the growing period. However, location, production year and genotypes were the most important determinant of potential yield of cultivars. Ç 1252, Fuatbey 2000, Epidur, Kızıltan95, Aydın 93 and Altın 97 were found more suitable cultivars that the others for durum wheat production in Thrace Region.Öğe Determination of Variability for Grain Yield and Quality Traits in Gamma-Ray Irradiated Bread Wheat Populations(Bitki Islahçıları Alt Birliği, 2021) Korkut, Kayıhan; Başer, İsmet; Bilgin, Oğuz; Balkan, Alpay; Deviren, BirolThe s tudy was carried out in the experimental area of the Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University in the growing season of 2011-12. In the s tudy, grain yield and its components and some quality traits such as 1000 grain weight, wet gluten content, gluten index, sedimentation value and protein content were inves tigated. The results exhibited significant differences among the tes ted genotypes, for all s tudied characters except spike length, indicating genetic variation among them. The genetic variation was higher for grain yield and its components when compared with quality characteris tics. These differences show that the effects of increasing gamma irradiation are not sys tematically negative for plant height, while positive for all other characters in comparison with controls. In general, it is unders tood that the highes t percent changes are achieved in 200 and 250 Gy of gamma radiation doses for yield components, while are in 300-350 Gy for the quality characteris tics. The values of phenotypic coefficient of variation PCV were slightly higher than their corresponding values of GCV for all traits. Moderate es timates of genotypic coefficient of variation GCV were obtained by grain yield (12.50%), gluten content (11.20%) and grain weight per spike (10.20%), respectively. Low es timates of GCV (less than 10) were recorded for the other characters inves tigated. The h2 values ranged from 37.3%, for sedimentation value, and 86.6%, for plant height, while the values of GA% ranged between 0.09 and 593.0.5% at 10% selection intensity for grain weight per spike and grain yield, respectively. The high values of heritability coupled with high values of genetic advance (%) were recorded by plant height, indicates the importance of the additive gene effects, so, selection would be effective in early generations for the trait. The high values of heritability coupled with moderate values of genetic advance (%) for harves t index and gluten index indicate selection would be a delay in later generations.Öğe Effects of Genotype, Sowing Time and Seed Fungicide Pre-Treatments on Root and Crown Rot and Grain Yield in Bread Wheat(2021) Başer, İsmet; Gider, İlker; Bilgin, Oğuz; Balkan, AlpayThis study was carried out to investigate the effects of sowing time,cultivar and seed fungicide applications on root and crown rot diseaseand grain yield of bread wheat with different earliness traits (Esperia,mid-early; Genesi, late and Anapo, early) in the experiment station ofthe Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, TekirdağNamık Kemal University. Four different fungicides pre-treatments(prothioconazole + tebuconazole, carboxin + thiram, prochloraz +tiriticonazole and control) were applied to the seeds of the varietiesbefore sowing in three different times, on 1 November, 15 Novemberand 30 November 2016. The experiment was designed as a split-splitplot with 3 replications. The results of the variance analysis showedthat the effect of applying different seed fungicide pre-treatment rootand crown rot of bread wheat varieties was statistically significant.While the lowest root and crown rot with 2.67 % was obtained fromthe second sowing time, the highest root and crown rot wasdetermined with a value of 3.64% for the earliest sowing on 01November. Among the four different fungicide pre-treatments, thehighest root and crown rot (5.59%) was obtained in the controlapplication, while the lowest root and crown rot was obtained inprothioconazole + tebuconazole, carboxin + thiram and prochloraz +triticonazole, with 1.96%, 2.10% and 2.19% root and crown rot,respectively. These data indicate that early sowing may increase rootand crown rot severity.Öğe Evaluation of Grain Yield and Quality Traits of Bread Wheat Genotypes Cultivated in Northwest Turkey(Wiley, 2016) Bilgin, Oğuz; Guzman, Carlos; Başer, İsmet; Crossa, Jose; Korkut, Kayıhan ZahitA study was performed to evaluate the effects of environment (E) and genotype (G) x E interactions (GGE) for quality traits and grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). ANOVA and GGE biplots were used to assess quality performance and stability in 36 genotypes of bread wheat through a three-location trial over two cropping seasons in the Thrace Region of Turkey. The 36 wheat genotypes used were classified into eight different groups, including landraces, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and advanced lines. The data showed a wide range of variation for milling quality parameters with regard to gluten quantity and quality, as well as for grain yield. Genotypes, location, and year, in this order, contributed to this diversity. Remarkably, all the traits except grain protein content showed a larger genotype effect than location (L) effect; the interaction G x L was usually more important than the G x Y. Genotypic and location components markedly exceeded G x L and Y x L for all variables, with the exception of grain yield, in which the G x Y effect was greater than locations according to ANOVA analysis. Noticeable continuous progress (53%) was observed in genetic grain yield during the last 60 yr without limiting wheat quality. GGE biplot analysis found that, on average, the biplots accounted for 80 to 85% of G and G x E variation present. Krasunia and Sagittario were the best genotypes (best performance and higher stability) of the study based on the traits evaluated.Öğe EVALUATION OF RECIPROCAL CROSS POPULATIONS FOR SPIKE-RELATED TRAITS IN EARLY CONSECUTIVE GENERATIONS OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)(Serbian Genetics Soc, 2017) Kutlu, İmren; Balkan, Alpay; Korkut, Kayıhan Zahit; Bilgin, Oğuz; Başer, İsmetBreeding effort on increasing grain yield of wheat will incessantly continue because it is indispensable product. Obtaining the genetic information such as genotypic variation, heritability, genetic advance is the fundamental components of these studies. It is important that the maternal effects are put forward throughout successive generations because of genotypic and/or environmental effects as far as variation. This research was conducted to investigate changes of reciprocal crosses throughout successive generations and determine selection criteria for high yield in early generations. For this purpose, the populations were analyzed with regard to genotypic and phenotypic variation coefficient, heritability, genetic advance and Unweighted Pair Group Method (UPGMA) cluster analysis for real crosses, reciprocals and all genotypes separately. According to the results, heritability and genetic advance values of traits investigated were highly varied throughout successive generations among real crosses, reciprocals and all genotypes. This finding indicated that non-additive gen effects or epitasis played a role in inheritance of all traits. Dissimilarity of crosses than their reciprocals indicated variation of successive generation. Dissimilarity value of each parent differed as generation progresses according to combination created. This condition suggested that there were maternal effects in this population throughout successive generations. Grain weight per spike, spike harvest index and spike density had high direct and indirect effects on the grain yield at all of three generations, it proved that these traits can be a selection criterion for early generations. Sana was the best parent and 'Bezostaja x Krasunia' and 'Krasunia x Pehlivan' were best performance in most of traits at all generations.Öğe Farklı Ekim Sıklıklarının Ekmeklik Buğday Çeşitlerinde Tane Verimi ve Verim Unsurları Üzerine Etkisi(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 2024) Balkan, Alpay; Göçmen, Damla Balaban; Bilgin, Oğuz; Başer, İsmet; Özcan, KamilÇalışma, dört farklı ekim sıklığının (300, 400, 500 ve 600 tohum m-2) üç ekmeklik buğday çeşidinin (NKÜ Lider, NKÜ Ergene ve NKÜ Asiya) tane verimi ve bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, başakta başakçık sayısı, başakta tane sayısı, başakta tane ağırlığı ve hasat indeksi gibi verim unsurlarına etkisini belirlemek amacıyla 2021 ve 2022 yıllarında Tekirdağ ve Edirne lokasyonlarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, incelenen tüm özellikler bakımından ekim sıklıkları arasındaki farklar istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek ortalamalar başak uzunluğu için 400 tohum m-2, başakta başakçık sayısı için 400 tohum m-2, başakta tane sayısı için 400 ve 500 tohum m-2, başakta tane ağırlığı için 300, 400 ve 500 tohum m-2 ve hasat indeksi için ise 400 tohum m-2 ekim sıklığından elde edilmiştir. En yüksek tane verimi ortalaması 701.31 kg da-1 ile 400 tohum m-2 ekim sıklığından elde edilmiş, bunu 698.42 kg da-1 ile 500 tohum m-2 ekim sıklığı izlemiştir. İncelenen özellikler bakımından çeşitlerin ekim sıklıklarına tepkilerinin faklı olduğu belirlenmiştir. En yüksek tane verimi NKÜ Lider çeşidinin 400 tohum m-2 (715.58 kg da-1) ekim sıklığından, NKÜ Ergene çeşidinin 500 tohum m-2 (713.92 kg da-1) ekim sıklığından ve aynı çeşidin 400 tohum m-2 (707.83 kg da-1) ekim sıklığından elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bölgede yapılacak ekmeklik buğday yetiştiriciliğinde istenilen verim düzeyine ulaşmak için ekim sıklığının çeşitlerin kardeşlenme kapasiteleri de dikkate alınarak uzun boylu ve kardeşlenmesi fazla olan çeşitlerde 400 tohum m-2, daha kısa boylu ve kardeşlenmesi az olan çeşitlerde ise 500 tohum m-2 ekim sıklığı önerilebilir.Öğe Farklı Fenolojik Özelliklere Sahip Ekmeklik Buğday Genotiplerinin Süne Zararına Dayanım Yönünden İncelenmesi(2016) Akyürek, Seval; Başer, İsmetAraştırma, 2010 ve 2011 yıllarında, Süne-buğday çeşidi ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla, 23 farklı ekmeklikbuğday çeşidi, Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi'nin deneme alanında üstü açık ve kapalı olarak yetiştirilmişlerdir.Ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinde nifm sayısı, süne emgi oranı, embriyo kararması, protein oranı, danede nemoranı, sedimantasyon değeri, beklemeli sedimantasyon değeri, gluten değeri, gluten indeksi ve dane verimiözellikleri incelenmiştir. Açık alanda yetiştirilen çeşitlerde en yüksek süne emgisi %3.08 ile Tekirdağ çeşidindeolmuş, bu çeşidi Alka, Renan, Sadova, Geya 1 ve Krasnodarskaya-99 çeşitleri izlemiştir. En düşük süneemgisi ise %1.60 ile Enola ve Dropia çeşitlerinde, %1.63 ile Krasunia odes'ka çeşidinde elde edilmiştir. Üstükapatılarak yetiştirilen ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinde süne emgi oranı önemli bir artış göstererek %4.93-12.75arasında değişmiştir. İki yıl ortalamasına göre en yüksek süne emgisi sırasıyla Tekirdağ, Geya 1, Renan veSadova çeşitlerinde elde edilmiş, en düşük değerler ise Gelibolu, Kate A-1, Krasunia odes'ka ve Dropiaçeşitlerinde olmuştur. Kalite özellikleri incelendiğinde gluten, gluten indeksi, sedimantasyon ve beklemelisedimantasyon değerleri açık alandaki değerlere göre büyük oranda azalma göstermiştir. Beklemelisedimantasyon değerleri ise tüm çeşitlerde ürünün kullanılamayacak düzeyde olmasına sağlayacak orandadüşük düzeyde olmuştur.Öğe Genetic Variation and Inter-Relationship of Some Morpho-Physiological Traits in Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum (L.) Desf.)(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2011) Bilgin, Oğuz; Korkut, Kayıhan Zahit; Başer, İsmet; Dağlıoğlu, Orhan; Öztürk, İrfan; Kahraman, Turhan; Balkan, AlpayIn this study which was performed with 20 durum wheat genotypes at three locations during two crop seasons. The relative large variations were observed for the characters except test weight and days to 50% flowering. The highest heritability and expected genetic advance values were estimated in plant height (92.8%-9.84) and 1000 grain weight (90.2%-5.96). The lowest value of heritability and expected genetic advance were obtained for grain yield (51.4%-0.94) and test weight (63.8%-2.41). Grain yield was positive and significantly correlated with grain weight/spike, test weight, plant height, grains/spike, spikelets/spike, 1000 grain weight and spike length whereas it showed negative and important correlation coefficient with days to 50% flowering. The highest direct positive effect (0.3857) on yield was computed for grain weight/spike. On the other hand, days to 50% flowering and spike length had negative direct effect on yield. Although grain weight/spike should be emphasised as reliable selection criteria, grains/spike, 1000 grain weight, plant height and earliness might be considered as indirect selection criterion for improvement in durum wheat yield potential.Öğe Genome size variation among natural populations of Brachypodium distachyon and B. hybridum collected from different regions of Turkey(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2019) Savaş Tuna, Gülsemin; Başer, İsmet; Tuna, MetinBrachypodium distachyon (L) P.Beauv. is a model grass species that is useful for studying temperate cereal, forage, and energy crops. In this study we aimed to determine the genome size and species identity in the collections of the B. distachyon complex that included samples from 56 different locations in Turkey, applying chromosome counting and nuclear genome size evaluation by flow cytometry method (FCM). Moreover, the study examined whether diverse geographical conditions at the collecting sites influence the genome size. Chromosomal analysis revealed that the number of B. distachyon (x = 5, 2n = 10) genotypes was 48 and the number of B. hybridum (x = 5 + 10, 2n = 30) ones was 11. No genotypes of B. stacei were found. FCM analyses revealed that the minimum and maximum genome size of B. distachyon was 0.732 and 0.752 pg2C(-1), respectively. The mean genome size of B. distachyon was 0.743 pg2C(-1). The mean genome size of B. hybridum was 1.431 pg2C(-1) with the minimum 1.417 pg2C(-1) and maximum 1.451 pg2C(-1). Intraspecific variation in the genome size was identified for both species. It was determined that geographical origin (localization, altitude) had a statistically significant effect on genome size in B. distachyon. In addition, a negative correlation was found between altitude and genome size in this species. On the other hand, localization and altitude did not have any statistically significant effect on genome size in B. hybridum.Öğe Grain Qualities, Oil Yields and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Hybrid Dent Corn Varieties(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Orak, Hakime Hülya; Korkut, Kayıhan Zahit; Başer, İsmet; Orak, Adnan; Bilgin, OğuzIn this study, the crude oil, protein, ash, potassium, sodium, ferrous content in corn grain and the characteristics of corn oil such as fatty acid composition, iodine value and specific gravity were determined of 35 hybrid dent corn varieties grown in Tekirdag ecological condition. The average grain yield was found betwwen 1099.32-796.32 kg/da in the corn varieties. The crude protein content in the analyzed varieties was ranged between 5.3 and 9.9 %. Among analyzed samples the oil content of corn varieties changed from 2.40 to 5.20 %. Variety G-626 had the higher saturated fatty acid (SFA), palmitic acid and oleic acid (MUFA) content from than the other varieties.Öğe Grain yield and some physiological traits associated with heat tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes(Ankara University, 2019) Korkut, Kayıhan Zahit; Balkan, A.; Başer, İsmet; Bılgın, O.This research was carried out in the experimental fields of Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Namık Kemal in 2014-2015. In the study, totally 30 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (15 cultivars; early, medium-early and late-maturing 10 lines are tolerant to the heat-temperature stress which were provided by CIMMYT-International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), 5 lines (were taken from the same university’s wheat breeding program which was collaborated by the CIMMYT) were used as an experimental material. The experiment was adjusted in a split-plot design with 3 replicates. Sowing dates (Normal (NS ? November 09, 2014) and Late sowing (LS ? January 09, 2015)) were constituted the main plots, and the genotypes constituted the sub-plots. These physiological traits ((membrane thermostability (MT), canopy temperature (CT), leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) and stomatal conductance (SC)) were measured at the LS stage due to giving much more correct, logical and meaningful results, but grain yield (GY) was fixed for all the sowing dates. Obtained findings are: The GY was varied between (4.35- 6.34 t ha-1) for genotypes; the MT was changed between (10.58-66.25%); the CT was realized between (17.67-22.00 oC); the LCC was varied between (38.30-53.30 SPAD) and the SC was changed between (25.20-166.80 mmol m-2 s-1). It was observed that most of the CIMMYT originated genotypes are tolerant to high-temperature stress and most of the wheats that are grown in Thrace Region are negatively affected by the high-temperature stress. © Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi.Öğe Heterotic and Heterobelthiotic Potentials of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Hybrids for Yield and Yield Components(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 2011) Bilgin, Oğuz; Balkan, Alpay; Korkut, Zahit Kayıhan; Başer, İsmetIn this study, the heterotic and heterobelthiotic performance of 22 bread wheat hybrids were evaluated for plant yield and some important yield components during 2006-07 growing season under Tekirdağ, Thrace conditions. Wide genetic variability was observed in the experimental material for the characters. The maximum heterosis and heterobelthiosis were recorded in Syrena x Bezostaja and Sana x Bezostaja (-5.05 and -14.01%) for plant height, Krasunia x Sana and Syrena x Krasunia (25.93 and 9.40%) for spike length, Sadovo 1 x Bezostaja (26.96 and 26.56%) for grains/spike, Pehlivan x Krasunia (25.00 and 22.28%) for grain weight/spike, Bezostaja x Sana and Bezostaja x Sadovo 1 (8.62 and 5.45%) for 1000 grain weight, Sadovo 1 x Bezostaja (9.28 and 9.14%) for harvest index and Pehlivan x Krasunia (27.85 and 24.10%) for grain yield/plant respectively. It is concluded that parents Pehlivan, Sana, Sadovo 1 and Krasunia should be utilized to improve certain traits in hybridization scheme and the hybrid combinations Sana x Bezostaja, Syrena x Krasunia, Sadovo 1 x Bezostaja, Pehlivan x Krasunia and Bezostaja x Sadovo 1 could be recommended for improved yield and enhanced biological production of bread wheat.Öğe Improvement of Grain Yield and Yield Associated Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Through Mutation Breeding Using Gamma Irradiation(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, 2019) Balkan, Alpay; Bilgin, Oğuz; Başer, İsmet; Balaban Göçmen, Damla; Demirkan, Alp Kayahan; Deviren, BirolThe present research was conducted to evaluate the M1, M2, M3 and M4 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mutant populations for yield and yield related traits during 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 at Tekirdağ ecological conditions. Three wheat genotypes were treated with different levels of gamma rays (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, 500 Gy and Control). The mutated plants were evaluated along with parental lines (control) for grain yield (GY) and its contributing traits such as plant height (PH), spike length (SL), the number of spikelets per spike (NSPS), the number of grains per spike (NGPS), grain weight per spike (GWPS), harvest index (HI) and thousand grain weight (TGW) under field conditions. The results obtained from the present study showed that the genotypes significantly and variably differed in their response for various traits at different gamma rays doses. The traits such as PH, TGW and grain yield (GY) showed generally reduction with higher gamma irradiation doses as compared to low doses, while mutagenic treatments shifted the mean values mostly towards the negative direction in the other yield components. But, the negative or positive shifts were not unidirectional or equally effective for all the traits. These findings suggested that the variability could be induced through the use of gamma irradiations in bread wheat. Some of the traits showed improvement due to the induced mutations could be used in future wheat breeding programs. The differences in mean values and the nature of variability observed in M2 indicated a possible preference of selection in M3 generation.
