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Öğe Agricultural Mechanization in Turkey(Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Akdemir, BahattinTurkey is one of the few countries in the World which are self-sufficient in food. Total tractor number was 1 125 001 for 2011. Number of tractor power ranged between 50-70 HP is 422 389. Total combine number is 14 313. 4148 of the are older than 20 years. This situation causes increasing harvesting losses. Number of the plough was 1 025 892. Farm trailers number was 1 074 764, sprayers 291 505, pneumatic sowing machine 27105, Cereals sowing machine 119 819, centrifugal spreader 371 771. Turkey's agricultural mechanization indicators are 56.25 tractor/1000 ha, 2.42 kW/ha, 17.78 ha/tractor, 444.65 tractor/1000 tract/ha. Agricultural mechanization indicators of Turkey are better than their neighbours, except Greece. However, Turkey is behind the developed countries according to the agricultural mechanization indicators There are 13 tractors manufacturer and more than 1000 agricultural machinery manufacturers in Turkey. Export of tractor and agricultural equipment and machinery in Turkey gradually increases and contribute to the economy of the country. Despite a strong Tractor manufacturers firms, there are many small agricultural machinery manufacturers. Agricultural mechanization problems may vary due to regions but main agricultural mechanization problems are; small scale and fragmented farming, unnecessary tractor and agricultural machinery selection, Lack of knowledge on effective and proper usage, maintenance of tractor and agricultural machineries and old combine and tractor Park. Agricultural mechanization policies of Turkey must help farmers to buy agricultural machineries which need less energy for improving yield and quality. In addition, control systems for preventing excessive inputs and yield monitors etc. will also be supported by policy makers to protect environment. (C) 2013 The Authors, Published by Elsevier B.V.Öğe Çapa Traktörleri İçin Tork ve Çeki Kuvveti Ölçüm Düzeneğinin Geliştirilmesi(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 2013) Kaya, Koray; Akdemir, Bahattin; Dalmış, İbrahim SavaşTürk tarımında yaygın olarak kullanılan standart traktörler için çeki kuvveti ve kuyruk mili torkunun ölçümü için çeşitli düzenekler bulunmasına karşılık tek akslı traktörler için araştırma ve geliştirme amaçlı test düzeneklerinin eksikliği vardır. Bu araştırmanın amacı; tek akslı bahçe traktörünün farklı ekipmanlarla çalışması sırasında tork ve çeki kuvvetinin ölçülebilmesi amacıyla bir ölçüm düzeneğinin geliştirilmesidir. Bu araştırmada; kuyruk mili torku ve traktör çeki kuvvetinin belirlenmesinde kullanılabilen bir ölçüm sistemi geliştirilmiştir. Bu ölçme sistemi farklı alet ve makinalarla çalıştırılarak bahçe denemelerinde test edilmiştir. İlgili testler killiMtın bünyeli ve % 12.26 nem içeriğine sahip bir bahçe de, bahçe pulluğu, karık açma pulluğu, tarım arabası ve toprak frezesi ekipmanları kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülen denemeler de; çeki kuvveti değerleri; tek gövdeli bahçe pulluğunda minimum 231.90 N, maksimum 1350.75 N, karık açma pulluğunda minimum 373.77 N, maksimum 961.36 N, tarım arabasında minimum 81.00 N, maksimum 615.13 N, toprak frezesi için minimum 60 Nm ve maksimum 100 Nm olarak ölçülmüştür.Öğe Determination of Spatial Variability in Olive Production Part II - Leaf(Scientific Issues Natl Centre Agrarian Sciences, 2010) Bellitürk, Korkmaz; Sağlam, Cihangir; Akdemir, Bahattin; Sisman, C.; Sozubek, B.BELLITURK, K., C. SAGLAM, B. AKDEMIR, C. SISMAN and B. SOZUBEK, 2010. Determination of spatial variability in olive production. Part II - leaf. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 16: 713-718 This research was carried out in an olive orchard with 84 trees in Turkey to determine spatial variability of plant nutrition in leaves. Leaf analyses were realized by using samples which were taken from grids. The soil of the olive orchard was suitable for olive growing due to physical and chemical analysis except organic matter, Mn, and Zn. The leaf analysis showed that the levels of K, Ca, Mg, and P were sufficient. These results were parallel to the results obtained from soil. When micro element levels were investigated; the levels of Fe and Mn were adequate, and level of Cu was excessive. Due to the analysis results; N, P, Mn and Zn will be required for the next year olive production. The fertilization strategies must include these applications.Öğe Determination of Spatial Variability in Olive Production: Part I - Soil(Scientific Issues Natl Centre Agrarian Sciences, 2010) Bellitürk, Korkmaz; Sağlam, Cihangir; Akdemir, Bahattin; Sisman, Can BurakThe aim of this research is to determine soil spatial variability and strategies of fertilization. This research was carried out in an olive orchard which has 84 trees in Turkey. Soil analyses were realized by using samples which were taken from grids. Soil of the olive orchard was suitable for olive growing due to physical and chemical analysis except organic matter, (partially P), Mn, and Zn. Due to the results of analyses; N, P, Mn and Zn will be required for the next year olive production. The fertilization strategies must be included these applications. It should not be forgotten that the soils which are adequate in potassium and partially phosphorus, may become poor in P and K as like organic material in the length of time.Öğe Development a variable rate controller for centrifugal fertiliser spreaders(National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, 2007) Akdemir, Bahattin; Sağlam, Nezihi; Bellitürk, Korkmaz; Aydoğdu, BeytullahObjective of this research is to develop a variable rate system for centrifugal fertiliser machines. This paper includes development stage and laboratory evaluation stage of this variable rate system. In this research, a centrifugal fertiliser machines with two discs were used to develop a variable rate controller. Step motors were used to apply variable rate application for these machines. A special system designed for connecting fertiliser rate plates and step motors.Öğe Development of a mapping program for variable rate application(2010) Üngör, Murat Gökçe; Akdemir, BahattinGübrelerin ve ilaçların çevre ve insan sağlığına olumsuz etkileri bilinmektedir. Bu araştırmada; tarımda optimum gübre kullanımı ile maksimum verim elde etmek ve gereksiz gübre kullanımını önlemek amacıyla değişken düzeyli uygulama yapabilen elektronik bir sistemi kontrol eden bir bilgisayar programı geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada konum belirleme sistemi (Trimble AgGPS 132), çift diskli santrifüj gübre dağıtma makinesi ve değişken düzeyli kontrol sistemi kullanılmıştır. Değişken düzeyli kontrol sistemi 2 adet step motor, bu motorları kontrol eden bir adet PIC kartı ve mekanik kısmından oluşmaktadır. Programın görevlerinin neler olacağı saptanıldıktan sonra iş akış şeması oluşturulmuştur. İş akış şeması üzerinden hareketle Microsoft Visual Basic programlama dili olarak ve Microsoft Access'de veritabanı olarak araştırmada kullanılmıştır. Geliştirilen programın laboratuar denemeleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda geliştirilen program Değişken Miktarlı Gübre Uygulama Programı (DEMİGUY PRO V 1.0) olarak adlandırılmıştır. Uygulama haritasının oluşturulması ve gerçek zamanlı koordinattan kullanarak gübre normunun ayarlanması program tarafından başarılı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.Öğe Development of A Measurement System for Weighing of Tuber Crops on A Conveyor Band(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 2017) Albayrak, Bülent; Akdemir, BahattinIn this study, a specific design and manufacturing of a weight measurement system for tuber crops on a belt scale were conducted. The chassis of the belt scale was constructed by equal legs steel profile. The belt material was PVC. The rotational motion of the belt scale was obtained by an AC electric motor. The speed of the belt was measured by a tachometer. Several rollers were used to support the vertical loads on the belt. One of the rollers was connected directly to load cell to measure the weight of the tuber crops. In order to obtain the mass flow on the belt, the data of weight per unit meter from load cell and the speed data from tachometer were transmitted to an electronic board. Multiplication of these two data gives the unit mass flow rate of the tuber crops on the belt scale. The unit mass flow rate and total mass flow rate was displayed on an LCD display. The accuracy of this system was found to be between 96.4% - 97.5% during measurement of weight on a moving belt scale.Öğe Development of a Multi-Fertilizer Spreader Machine and Variable Rate Controller for Olive Orchards(Springer, 2022) Akdemir, Bahattin; Sağlam, Cihangir; Atar, Eyup Selçuk; Turen, Nail; Özyürüyen, Levni CanThe objective of this research was to develop a machine to spread three different mineral fertilizers at the same time at a variable rate if required. A multi-fertilizer spreader machine with three hoppers, a variable rate controller, a laboratory test software and a prescription map software was developed. The variable rate controller consists of three servo motors, drivers, electronic control card, MOXA wireless NPort communication, and software for spreading three different mineral fertilizers. Fertilizers were metered by specially designed fluted rollers driven by three servo motors. The variable rate controller changes the speed of fluted rollers to change the fertilization rate according to the coordinates. The amount of distributed fertilizer for each grid is set up by prescription map. During fertilization, the amount of fertilizer for each position of GPS was saved by Prescription Map Software . This software can also calculate some data such as tractor tracks in the orchard, distances, time consumed for fertilization and turning, time to enter and exit from grids based on GPS data. The application rates of different chemical fertilizers were determined on different scales of the control system by laboratory tests of the developed machine. Materials were olive orchard, multi-fertilizer spreader with variable rate controller, and laboratory/workshop test programme. Laboratory and field tests of the developed machine for different fertilizers and variable rate applications for olive production were analysed and evaluated. Work performance (tree/h, and da/h) of the developed fertilizer spreader machine was determined. Effective capacity and efficiency were calculated. Modifications related fluted roller, furrow opener and control system were performed to solve mechanical, electrical and software problems of the prototype machine, and the variable rate fertilizer control system was tested through the laboratory and field tests. The developed machine and variable rate controller were operated successfully to apply fertilizers in the olive orchard.Öğe Development of a Precision Farming System for Turkish Farmers(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2014) Akdemir, Bahattin; Ungor, M. G.; Sağlam, N.; Aydoğdu, Beytullah; Bellitürk, Korkmaz; Altınkaradağ, A.; Urusan, A.The objective of this paper is to explain the information about a precision farming system which has been developed for Turkish farmers. The developed system includes a variable rate controller for centrifugal fertiliser spreaders, an application map software and an autonomous steering system for tractors. The variable rate controller for the centrifugal fertiliser includes stepper motors used to adjust the distributed fertiliser amount. An electronic control system was designed to control stepper motors in addition to a DGPS system, which was used to determine positioning. The application map software was used to provide communication between the variable rate system and the stepper motor, computer and DGPS. In order to develop a variable rate controller, a toothed axle was fitted to the stepper motor. A variable rate controller was developed to combine cereal sowing machines. This system includes step motors for each seed metering unit as well as PIC, PDA and GPS receivers. The software was developed to create an application map and send signals to control units. Furthermore, an automated steering system was developed by a private Turkish company. Preliminary test results of this system were successful. The system is still being tested.Öğe Development of a variable rate controller for centrifugal fertiliser spreaders(China Agricultural Science & Technology Press, 2007) Akdemir, Bahattin; Sağlam, Nezihi; Bellitürk, Korkmaz; Aydoğdu, BeytullahObjective of this research is to develop a variable rate system for centrifugal fertiliser machines. This paper includes development stage and laboratory evaluation stage of this variable rate system. In this research, a centrifugal fertiliser machines with two discs were used to develop a variable rate controller. Step motors were used to apply variable rate application for these machines. A special system designed for connecting fertiliser rate plates and step motors.Öğe Development of an Automatic Soil Sampling Machine(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 2016) Dalmış, İbrahim Savaş; Akdemir, Bahattin; Turen, Nail; Bellitürk, KorkmazIn this study, it was aimed to develop an automatic soil sampling machine. The machine consists of mechanics, hydraulics and electronical systems for taking soil sample. In addition, there is a GPS module in the system to determine the location of soil sampling point. The developed machine was attached to the tractor with three-point hitch system and can take samples from the depth of 30 cm up to the resistance of 4 MPa. In field tests, it was determined that the machine could take 40-162 gr soil sample in one stroke depending on soil penetration resistance. The effect of the machine operating speed on the amount of soil samples was also evaluated during the study. In the tests, the amount of soil samples taken at the operating speed of 0.6 m/s, 0.12 m/s, 0.22 m/s was analysed. Statistically, a significant difference wasn’t found according to the one way anova analysis which was carried out on the samples (P>0.05). As a result of field tests, it is was proved that the machine can be used for the purpose of soil sampling. Besides, the sampling points were also recorded with the help of GPS module by georeferencing. The recorded geodata was in the form of being used to create topographic variability maps.Öğe Development of an Image Analysis System for Sowing Machine Laboratory Tests(Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp, 2014) Akdemir, Bahattin; Kayışoğlu, Birol; Benet, BernardAim of this research is to develop an experimental apparatus to measure distances between seeds for precision sowing machines and to count number of seeds in a determined area for bulk drillers on a conveyor band by using image analyses techniques. System consists of a conveyor band, two cameras, a light, a computer, which includes an image acquisition board, an input board and a software to realise the desired measures using some image processing algorithms. Wheat, sunflower, onion, and sugar beet seeds were used in this research. The results showed that there is no statistically significant differences between measurement of the image analyses system and human.Öğe Effect of Spatial Variability on Fertiliser Requirement of Olive Orchard Cultivated for Oil Production(Scibulcom Ltd, 2018) Akdemir, Bahattin; Sağlam, Cihangir; Bellitürk, Korkmaz; Makaracı, Ahmet Zafer; Urusan, A. Y.; Atar, E. S.Aim of this research is to determine effect of spatial variability of soil texture, pH, salt, and plant nutrient contents of soil and leaves on fertiliser requirement of an oil olive orchard which has 102 olive trees. Soil and leaf samples were taken from 29 locations to determine spatial variability. Soil texture, pH, salt, lime, organic matter, nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) amounts were determined from soil samples that were taken from 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm soil depths. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Mn were determined from leaf samples. When results were evaluated, N, P, K, Ca and Cu contents had optimum values, but Fe, Mn and Zn were found in deficiency levels. Fertiliser requirements for variable rate fertilisation were between 0-0.76 kg/tree for N, 0-0.192 kg/tree for P, and 0-5.22 kg/tree for K. Fertiliser requirement for fixed rate was determined 0.75 kg/tree for nitrogen, 0.275 kg/tree for phosphorous and 1.5 kg/tree for potassium. Required N, P and K values converted to commercial fertiliser forms as urea, ammonium nitrate, and potassium sulphate and triple super phosphate.Öğe Elasticity of a farm trailer's chassis at different twisting angles(Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd, 2008) Akdemir, Bahattin; Ülger, Poyraz; Eker, Bülent; Sağlam, Cihangir; Çelen, İlker Hüseyin; Aktaş, Türkan; Avcı, G.It is important to know the behaviours of materials used to design and manufacture farm trailers in the same way as is necessary for all mechanical systems. Fatigue tests for trailers give an idea about the behaviours of its components. Simulators are very useful test systems for applying fatigue tests under laboratory conditions. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of different twisting angles of a trailer chassis on a farm trailer by using a Simulator apparatus. Tests were carried Out in either static or dynamic conditions. The minimum and maximum twisting angles were selected as -10 degrees and +10 degrees for all tests respectively. The farm trailer was twisted for each 2 degrees and the system was stopped to measure the forces for static conditions. Measured forces were used to calculate the twisting moments. The experimental apparatus ran continuously between -10 degrees and +10 degrees and the forces were measured for each 2 degrees under dynamic conditions. The tests were performed at 26 cycles/min for twisting angles of +/- 10 degrees. The energy absorbed through hysteresis by the trailer chassis was calculated as 27 980 Nm. The total energy and the coefficient of absorption ability of the chassis were calculated as 107 849 Nm and 25.9 per cent respectively. The materials of the trailer chassis Must be more elastic than this value according to the literature to absorb vibrations created by the road or field. When the twisting moment of the trailer is smaller, it is possible that the trailer may fall over when going round a bend in the road. Stability requires high twisting moments. The absorption of vibration, however, requires smaller twisting moments.Öğe Meyve Bahçeleri için Değişken Miktarlı Tarımsal Girdi Uygulama Programının Geliştirilmesi(2016) Üngör, Murat Gökçe; Akdemir, BahattinBu araştırmada; meyve bahçelerinde optimum girdi kullanımı ile maksimum verim elde etmek, kaliteyi arttırmak ve gereksiz girdi kullanımını önlemek amacıyla değişken düzeyli uygulamalar için bilgisayar programı geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen uygulama haritası programı; girilen proje ve bahçe bilgileri ile girdi ve ağaç bilgileri doğrultusunda uygulama haritası hazırlama ve hazırlanan haritanın gelen anlık GPS verileri ile bahçede uygulanmasını yapmaktadır. İş akış şeması üzerinden Visual Studio 2012 programı kullanılarak .NET 4.0 Framework mimarisi üzerine Microsoft Visual Basic programlama dili ve XML veri standardı kullanılarak yazılmıştır. Geliştirilen programın laboratuvarda ve tarlada testleri yapılmıştır. Uygulama haritasının oluşturulması ve gerçek zamanlı koordinatları kullanarak gübre normunun ayarlanması program tarafından başarılı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.Öğe Monitoring Sunflower and Maize Canopy Under Alternative Nitrogen Regimes with Lidar and Optical Sensors(2017) Cavalaris, Chris; Akdemir, Bahattin; Karamoutis, Christos; Gemtos, TheofanisCrop fertilization is an important part of cost and energy inputs in agriculture. The opportunity to apply the variable rate of nitrogen fertilizers according to the plant needs in each part of the field is a promising practice to increase the fertilizer use efficiency. An experiment was conducted in 2016 in the University of Thessaly farm, Central Greece in order to evaluate the use of lidar and optical sensors to monitor the crop canopy for sunflower and maize. The canopy development can serve as a good indicator for the nutrition state of the crops regarding especially the nitrogen, and it can be used as an indicator for variable rate application systems. In order to obtain plants with different canopy development, a field experiment was established with treatments receiving the normal, farmer's practice, nitrogen rates (100%N) at basic fertilization, treatments receiving 50% reduced nitrogen fertilizer (50%N) and treatments with no nitrogen application (0%N). During growing, the crop canopy was monitored with a lidar and an optical sensor. Manual measurements of plant height and weight were also made. The manual measurements revealed the effect of variable fertilizer rates to plant development. The plots with higher nitrogen rates had higher and more vigor plants. The lidar sensor depicted more clearly these differences compared to the optical sensor. Plant height was sufficiently assessed for both the sunflower and maize crop by lidar. Plant volume though was assessed only for the sunflower. A problem with the lidar sensor was the small sampling rate (almost 2Hz) but this can be compensated by its ability to scan simultaneously more than one crop rows (4 to 6) and obtain multiple sample information.Öğe Positioning systems in precision farming and CORS-TR(2010) Eren, Kamil; Uzel, Turgut; Akdemir, Bahattin; Gülal, Vahap EnginHassas tarım toprak, bitki ve üründeki değişkenliklerin saptanması, bu değişkenlikleri dikkate alarak üretim planlamasının yapılması, ve değişken düzeyli girdi uygulaması olarak bilinmektedir. Hassas tarımdaki çeşitli değişkenlik tanımlamaları arasında en önemlisi konuma bağlı olarak saptanan yersel değişkenliktir. Toprak, bitki ve üründeki değişkenlikler saptanırken en önemli araçlardan birisi de GPS ve konum belirlemedir. Gerek topraktaki tekstür veya bitki besin elementlerindeki değişkenlik ve gerekse verim haritalamada yada gübre yada ilaç uygulama haritalarının hazırlanmasında ve sonrasında tarlada uygulama sırasında konum belirleme hayatidir. Konum belirlemedeki doğruluk ve hassasiyet hassas tarımda yapılacak uygulamaları doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada hassas tarımda kullanılan el tipi GPS, DGPS, RTKGPS ve ülkemizde yürütülen bir proje sonucu geliştirilen CORS-TR sistemi ile ilgili bilgiler verilmiştir.Öğe Spatial Variability of NDVI and SPAD for Variable- and Fixed-Rate Fertilization in Olive Orchards(Springer, 2022) Atik, Murtaza; Akdemir, BahattinThe aim of this study was to determine the spatial variability of fertilization requirements by using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) data for olive orchards. The research was carried out in Ayvalik, Turkey. The olive orchard was divided into two parts to measure NDVI and SPAD for variable-rate fertilization and fixed-rate fertilization. The NDVI was measured with a GreenSeeker sensor and SPAD readings were made with a SpadMeter. Geographic coordinates of the NDVI and SPAD measurements were also determined by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). After applying these fertilization methods, NDVI and SPAD measurements were recorded. Soil and leaf samples were analysed in the laboratory to determine the content of plant nutrients for nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). Spatial variability maps were created for NDVI and SPAD values. According to the statistical analyses, NDVI values varied between 0.577 and 0.838 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated as 6.45% for all measurements. The average NDVI was determined as 0.739 and the CV was 7.04% for fixed-rate fertilization and 0.734 and 5.87% for variable-rate fertilization. Differences between NDVI measurements for fixed-rate fertilization and variable-rate fertilization were not statistically significant according to t-test results (t = 0.524, p > 0.05). The NDVI measurements were made around trees and the GreenSeeker sensor measured NDVIs from a mixture of leaves, branches and air for each olive tree; this situation affected the NDVI measurements. In addition, the colour, shape and content of the olive leaf also affected the NDVI measurements.Öğe Tahıl Ekiminde Kullanılan Pnömatik Etkili Ekim Makinasının Ekim Performansının Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, 2009) Bayhan, Yılmaz; Kayişoğlu, Birol; Ülger, Poyraz; Akdemir, BahattinBu çalışmada; pnömatik etkili tahıl ekim makinelerinin devir sayısına bağlı olarak ekim normu ve ayaklar arası dağılım düzgünlüklerinin değişiminin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, verilen katalog ekim normu değerleri ile test sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayaklar arası dağılım düzgünlüğüne ait varyasyon katsayıları literatürlerde belirtilen %4 değerinin üstünde olduğu saptanmıştır. Pnömatik tahıl ekim makinesini 350 d/d’da çalıştırmak, ayaklar arası dağılım düzgünlüğü açısından en olumlu sonucu vermiştir. Makinanın ayaklarından atılan tohum miktarı devir sayısına göre % 3-12 arasında değişmektedir. Testler sonucunda elde edilen ekim normu değerleri ile makine katalog değerleri arasındaki farklılık istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmamıştır. Ancak test değerleri her skala değerinde katalog değerlerinden küçük olmuştur.Öğe Traktör şanzıman tasarım parametrelerinin belirlenmesi(2012) Akın, Engin; Akdemir, BahattinTraktörlerin dişli kutularına ait tasarım parametreleri ile ilgili çalışmaların fazla olmamasından dolayı, bu çalışmaya gerek duyulmuştur. Bu çalışmada orta segment tarım traktörü teknik özellikleri ve bilgisayar programı kullanılmıştır. Dişli kutusu tasarım parametreleri deney traktörü motor karakteristikleri ve traktör teknik özellikleri geometrik dizilim yöntemi, harmonik dizilim hesap yöntemi, geometrik ve harmonik hesap yöntemi ile orta segment tarım traktörünün çalışma hızları belirlenmiştir. Deney traktörünün dişli kutusu özellikleri ile mevcut dişli kutusu hızları hesaplanarak, tarım alet ve makinaları hız gereksinimlerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Orta segment tarım traktörü dişli kutusunda yöntemlere uygun yapılan hesaplamalar doğrultusunda, konsept dişli kutusu tasarımı için ihtiyaç olan hız değerleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırmada; mevcut orta segment tarım traktörüne ait veriler kullanılarak hesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Tarım traktörlerinde güç, her hız kademesinde en yüksek çeki kuvvet değerini vermesi ile sağlanmaktadır. Bunun için geometrik dizinin düzgün hızlanma, uzun motor ömrü, yüksek çalışma etkinliği sağladığından dolayı tercih edilmektedir. Ancak geometrik dizimde küçük devir sayısı aralıklarında basamak sayısı çok artmaktadır. Devir aralığını arttırmakla vites sayısı düşürülebilir ,bu da düşük devirlerde istenen gücü veremez ve yüksek devirlerde aşırı hız elde edilir ki bir tarım traktöründe ihtiyaç olunan düşük hız yüksek güç isteğini karşılamamaktadır. Tarım traktörü için 0-20 kmh-1 hız aralığı için geometrik dizilim, 20-30 kmh-1 hız aralığı harmonik dizilim için uygundur. Hız değerleri 12 hız kademesi 3 ana kademeye ayrılması ile tarım makineleri hız gereksinimlerini karşılayan bir vites kutusu elde edilmektedir. Sonuç olarak tarım traktörlerinde geometrik hesap yöntemi düşük aktarma oranlarında ve harmonik hesap yöntemi yüksek hızlara ulaşmak için ve aktarma oranlarının belirlenmesi için kullanılmaktadır. Geometrik ve harmonik hesap yönteminin birlikte kullanılarak yüksek vites sayılarında ihtiyaç olunan hızları tespit etmek için uygundur.
