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A critical review on biofiltration for wastewater treatment: Focus on organic micropollutants
(Elsevier, 2021) Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Meriç, Süreyya
This chapter reviews a total number of 182 papers, searched with the keywords of biofiltration and wastewater, biological filter and wastewater. Among these papers, only 13% were performed in full-scale treatment plants while a 33% and 54% were carried out in pilot scale and lab scale wastewater treatment systems, respectively. The research showed that biofiltration process has been used in the treatment of municipal wastewater treatment followed by leachate, and various industrial wastewaters such as, textile, dairy, food-processing, baker’s yeast, pulp, and paper. In those studies, high removal rates of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus parameters were reported in aerobic/anaerobic conditions using single column biological biofiltration, biological activated carbon filter, sequencing batch biofilter, or multistage biofiltration processes. The most papers revised in this work focused on removal of organic micropollutans (OMs) such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, plasticizers, pesticides that referred more than 90% removal of OMs in question in this study. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
A REVIEW OF PROPERTIES OF ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORBENTS PRODUCED FROM TEXTILE WASTE
(Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania, 2024) Aydın, Nesli; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen
Today, adsorption has become the focus of attention for the uptake of heavy metal ions, industrial dyes and pharmaceuticals. This focus is due to the regeneration of the adsorbent and the minimization of the chemical through the adsorption technique, resulting in high efficiency of adsorption and the possibility of metal recovery, flexibility and simplicity of design. In recent years, the number of studies using chemically modified textile waste as adsorbents has increased due to their high adsorption capacity and regeneration ability, thus achieving high efficiency. On the other hand, the increasing world population inevitably leads to an increase in the amount of waste left from the textile industry, together with the increase in demand for textile and ready-made clothing products. While these textile waste cause disposal problems within the framework of waste management, they also reveal the need for solutions that support sustainable development. Recently, many studies have been conducted on the preparation of activated carbons from various materials. For example, the fact that cotton textile waste is considered a good carbon source because it is rich in cellulose and other substances draws the attention of researchers in this direction. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the technological developments in this context and to reveal the deficiencies or weaknesses of these developments by examining the studies investigating the potential of textile waste in the removal of contaminants such as dyes, metals and pharmaceuticals. © 2024 Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania. All rights reserved.
A REVIEW ON AQUATIC AND PHTOTOXICITY EFFECT OF CERIUM AND LITHUM FROM RARE EARTH ELEMENTS
(Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 2019) Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Adiloğlu, Sevinç; Terzi, Sema; Meriç, Süreyya
Dünya yüzeyinde çok az bölgede ve az miktarda bulunan elementler (Nadir Toprak Elementleri-REE) teknolojik gelişmelere paralel olarak hızla kullanılıp tüketilmektedir. Diğer genel ismi Teknoloji Kritik Elementler (TKE) olan bu elementlerin kullanım oranlarının artması ile çevrede bulunma sıklıkları ve miktarları da artmıştır. TKE’ler, mühendislik nanopartikülleri arasında yer almakta olup çevre ortamlarında güneş ışığı altında oldukça reaktif ve fizikokimyasal olarak dinamik bir hale gelmekte ve çevrede risk oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, bu nanopartiküllerin neden olacağı çevresel risklerin anlaşılması amacıyla ekotoksisite çalışmaları yoğun olarak sürdürülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, TKE’ler arasında ilk dikkat çeken metallerden olan, Lityum (Li) (çoğunlukla uzun ömürlü pillerden kaynaklanan) ve Seryum (Ce) (elektronik sanayiinde vazgeçilmez hale gelen ve özellikle yarı iletkenlerde kullanılan) ile ilgili sucul ve fitotoksik bulgular değerlendirilmiştir.
A review on pumice for water and wastewater treatment
(Desalination Publ, 2016) Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Meriç, Süreyya
Pumice is a valuable scouring, scrubbing, and polishing material both in powdered form and as a pumice stone. It has been traditionally used in construction industry and biomedicine. It has been evaluated in recent years in the field of water, wastewater, and air treatment. The present study aimed to review the scientific literature of pumice stone with the particular focus on its use for the treatment of water and wastewater. It was observed that most of the publications from 1995 to 2015 dealt with construction materials and treatment use. A number of 143 papers published focused on the removal of cadmium, dyes, color, and many other pollutants by adsorption and catalytic oxidation, while 49% of the papers on water and wastewater treatment was dedicated on adsorption processes. Besides, pumice has been used as a filter medium and integrated to biological treatment. More recent publications have been focusing on integrating pumice with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) after enrichment with other materials. The use of pumice in AOPs, in particular, integrated with nanotechnology has been attracting more scientists to remove micropollutants.
Adsorption of Diclofenac Sodium and Tetracycline From Aqueous Solution Using PVA Films Prepared with Modal/Cotton Fiber Wastes
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Kaplica, Zeynep; Şafak, Şerife; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen
In this study, fiber-polymer composite films were prepared by adding 0.5 g, 1.0 g, and 1.5 g of modal/cotton (50 : 50) waste to 10 % PVA film, and the properties of the films were revealed by SEM, FTIR analyzes and swelling percentage. It is observed that the strength of the bonds in the FTIR analysis decreases when modal/cotton fibers are added to the PVA film. While a 406 % swelling is achieved in the PVA film, the swelling percentages of the films decrease when modal/cotton fibers are added to the PVA film, and a greater swelling is observed at pH 9 compared to pH 5. The adsorption efficiency of tetracycline and diclofenac sodium on the films was researched at different pH levels and film doses. Tetracycline removal reached its highest value at pH 9, while diclofenac sodium removal reached its highest value at pH 5. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were determined for tetracycline and diclofenac sodium adsorption. Tetracycline removal is better described by the Freundlich isotherm model, whereas diclofenac sodium removal fits the Langmuir isotherm model better. As a result, films prepared with modal/cotton waste not only provide tetracycline and diclofenac sodium removal but also contribute to waste recycling by utilizing waste fiber materials. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Alizarin Kırmızı Boyasının Hidroksiapatit Kullanılarak Adsorpsiyon Prosesi İle Giderimi
(2018) Çifçi, Deniz İzlen
Bu çalışmada, hidroksiapatit ile alizarin kırmızı boyasının adsorpsiyon prosesiyle giderimi araştırılmıştır.Çalışmada çalkalama hızının, çözelti pH değerinin, hidroksiapatit miktarının ve başlangıç boya konsantrasyonungiderim verimi üzerine etkisi ortaya konmuştur. Alizarin kırmızı boyasının hidroksiapatit ile adsorpsiyonuyalancı ikinci dereceden kinetik modele ve Freundlich izoterm modeline daha uygun olduğu görülmüştür.Maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesi pH 7’de, 1 g/L hidroksiapatit ile 150 dakika adsorpsiyon sonucunda 144,9mg/g olarak elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, hidroksiapatitin alizarin kırmızı boyası gibi anyonik boyalarıngideriminde alternatif bir adsorbent olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Characterisation study of solid wastes: A case of districts in Tekirdağ
(2022) Gümüş Bayındır, Kübra; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Aydın, Nesli; Güneş, Elçin
In this study, solid waste characterisation of high-income, middle-income, low-income regions and market areas in Tekirdağ Metropolitan Municipality was carried out in winter and summer, 2016. As a result, the amount of organic wastes (kitchen wastes, park and green wastes) and packaging waste (paper, cardboard, bulky cardboard, plastics, glass, metals and bulky metals) in Tekirdağ were determined as 41.02% and 32.4% respectively, by waste sampling. When waste characterisation was analysed based on the districts, it was seen that paper and plastic waste is mostly produced from the Çorlu district. The reason for this could be the high level of welfare of the citizens living in Çorlu and the high number of working people compared to other districts due to the high density of industrial facilities. It was also seen that the ash percentage of waste is high in the districts of Hayrabolu, Şarköy, Muratlı, Marmaraereğlisi, Malkara and Saray, which are the districts not covered by natural gas distribution grid. Waste samples were characterised in the Tubitak Energy Institute Laboratory to determine the moisture content, calorific value and glow loss. The results showed that there is a high moisture and organic matter in the wastes, which makes the incineration method not suitable for the treatment of solid wastes in Tekirdağ. The results of this study highlighted that there is a potential for introducing recycling schemes especially in high income regions in Tekirdağ. To initiate such programmes, collected municipal waste could be separated in two streams in place; organics and co-mingled dry-recyclables.
Comparative Assessment of Sludge Pre-Treatment Techniques to Enhance Sludge Dewaterability and Biogas Production
(Wiley, 2018) Taş, Didem Okutman; Yangın Gömeç, Çiğdem; Ölmez Hancı, Tuğba; Arıkan, Osman A.; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Gençsoy, Elif B.; Ubay Çokgör, Emine
Effectiveness of ultrasonication, microwave technologies, and enzyme addition prior to anaerobic digestion is investigated using sludge samples taken from the secondary settling tank of a domestic wastewater treatment plant to improve methane production, enhance dewaterability characteristics of the sludge, and to reduce excess sludge. Microwave pre-treatment (1500 W, 10 min at 175 degrees C) results in better extra digester performance (compared to the control reactor) in terms of methane production (25 m(3) ton(-1) suspended solids (SS)) than ultrasound (no improvement) and enzyme pre-treatment (11 m(3) ton(-1) SS). While methane production is not improved as a result of ultrasonication pre-treatment (15 000 kJ kg(-1) SS), a noticeable increase (19%) is observed in the case of microwave pre-treatment. Higher compactibility values are obtained after ultrasonication and microwave application compared to the control (i.e., from 7.1 to 8.7 and 9.2%, respectively) before anaerobic digestion. Although ultrasonication and microwave application decrease the dewaterability of the raw sludge (capillary suction time (CST) from 827 to 1364 and 2290 s, respectively), similar dewaterability results are obtained at the end of the anaerobic digestion process for all pre-treated sludge samples. An economic assessment of this study shows that pretreatment with microwave results in more than 10-fold less net cost compared to the enzyme application.
Comparative Impact Assessment of TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles to Rocket (Eruca sativa L) Plant
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2019) Adiloğlu, Sevinç; Solmaz, Yusuf; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Meriç, Süreyya
[No Abstract Available]
Comparative Impact Assessment of TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles to Rocket (Eruca sativa L) Plant
(Elsevier, 2019) Adiloğlu, Sevinç; Solmaz, Yusuf; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Meriç, Süreyya
Concerns about the environmental risks of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been growing in parallel to nanotechnology development, however, their effect on different species in the environment deserve further studies, in particular, terrestrial plants as ENMs accumulate in the biosolids of urban wastewater treatment plants. There has been only one study investigating the effect of Zn on Roket plant (Eruca sativa L.). In this work, the fate of TiO2 and ZnO ENMs that have a vast range of use among nanoparticules was evaluated for ecotoxicity to Rocket plant. Ti and Zn were mixed in the soil at varying doses (50, 100, 200, 400, 600ppm) before seed germination application. When the plants were grown enough in the pots only three plants were left to grow during 60 days, after that they were harvested to submit to many qualitative and quantitave analyses, such as length and diameter of the plant (cm), length of leaf (cm), diameter of leaf (cm), root length (cm), weight of the plant (g) and number of leaves to understand the mechanism of the toxicity. Harvested Rocket plants were washed with distilled water, than, were dried for 48 hours at 68°C to define dry weights before microwave assisted extraction for metal analysis using ICP-OES. Soil samples were submitted to soil structure and metal analysis too. Initial doses of both TiO2 and ZnO were found to affect at 5% the uptake of the metals by Rocket plant. The low level bioavailability of metals was attributed to the soil structure. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Comparison of Conventional and Ultrasonic-Assisted Adsorption Processes by Using H3PO4 Activated Cypress Tree Cone for Methylene Blue Removal
(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2022) Aydın, Nesli; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen
Recycling agricultural waste, such as corn cobs, tree cones or grape stalks, contributes to converting waste into a new resource by encouraging the development of the circular economy. In this study, colour removal efficiency of H3PO4 activated cypress tree cone (H3PO4-CTC) from Methylene Blue (MB) (C16H18N3SCl) was investigated by using conventional and ultrasonic-assisted adsorption processes. The properties of the prepared H3PO4-CTC adsorbent were obtained by SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis, and the optimum pH and adsorbent dose effect on MB adsorption was determined. Kinetic and isotherm models were presented for conventional and ultrasonic-assisted adsorption processes under optimum conditions. The removal of MB was found favourable at conventional and ultrasonic-assisted adsorption processes. Comparing the Freundlich isotherm, the Langmuir isotherm was also found to fit the experimental data more. According to the Langmuir isotherm, qmax values were obtained as 3.87 and 4.50 mg/g, respectively, by conventional and ultrasonic-assisted adsorption processes. It was also determined that MB removal was over 90% in the first two uses of H3PO4-CTC. In the study, it was observed that H3PO4 activated cypress tree cone could be used as a low-cost adsorbent in MB adsorption, and it was also seen that MB adsorption could be increased with the ultrasonic adsorption process compared to the conventional adsorption process.
Comparison of Fenton process and adsorption method for treatment of industrial container and drum cleaning industry wastewater
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Güneş, Elçin; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Çelik, Suna Özden
The present study aims to explore the characterization of industrial container and drum cleaning (ICDC) industry wastewater and treatment alternatives of this wastewater using Fenton and adsorption processes. Wastewater derived from ICDC industry is usually treated by chemical coagulation and biological treatment in Turkey and then discharged in a centralized wastewater treatment facility. It is required that the wastewater COD is below 1500mg/L to treat in a centralized wastewater treatment facility. The wastewater samples were characterized for parameters of pH, conductivity, COD, BOD5, TSS, NH3-N, TN, TOC, TP, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg. Initial COD values were in the range of 11,300-14,200mg/L. The optimum conditions for Fenton treatment were 35-40g/L for H2O2, 2-5g/L for Fe2+, and 13-36 for H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio. The optimum conditions of PAC doses and contact times in adsorption studies were 20-30g/L and 5-12 h, respectively. Removal efficiencies of characterized parameters for the three samples were compared for both Fenton and adsorption processes under optimum conditions. The results suggest that these wastewaters are suitable for discharge to a centralized wastewater treatment plant.
Comparison of H3PO4 and ZnCl2 Activated Filtered Coffee Waste Carbon-Based Adsorbents in Methylene Blue Removal by Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Adsorption
(Institute for Ionics, 2023) Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Aydın, Nesli
In sustainable waste management, reusing coffee waste such as husks or spent coffee grounds helps convert a huge amount of waste into a new resource. In this study, H3PO4-activated filter coffee waste (H3PO4-FCW) and ZnCl2-activated filter coffee waste (ZnCl2-FCW) were synthesised, and the characterisation of them was revealed by SEM, EDAX, FTIR and XRD analyses. Adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich), adsorption kinetics (Elovich, pseudo-second-order kinetics, pseudo-first-order kinetics including error functions) and adsorption thermodynamics were determined and the effect of parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, initial methylene blue (MB) concentration, adsorption time and temperature on MB removal was evaluated by the ultrasonic-assisted adsorption. It was observed that ultrasonic-assisted adsorption was more suitable for the Langmuir isotherm for both adsorbents and that the adsorption kinetics was better suited to the pseudo-second-order kinetics. In addition, the ultrasonic-assisted adsorption using H3PO4-FCW and ZnCl2-FCW occurred endothermically and the adsorption mechanism was physisorption. MB removal with ZnCl2-FCW could reach over 90% when pH is between 3 and 7 in the ultrasonic-assisted adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained as 42.7 mg/g and 106.4 mg/g for H3PO4-FCW and ZnCl2-FCW, respectively. It was seen that the qmax value of ZnCl2-FCW was 2.5 times higher than the qmax of H3PO4-FCW. Moreover, reusability studies showed that MB removal of over 90% could be achieved in the 2nd use of H3PO4-FCW and ZnCl2-FCW. In conclusion, high dye removal could be achieved by synthesising low-cost adsorbents. The use of filtered coffee wastes in the adsorption of basic dyes such as MB is, therefore, important in terms of both waste reduction and management. © 2022, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.
Comparison of kinetics and costs of Fenton and photo-Fenton processes used for the treatment of a textile industry wastewater
(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Çalık, Cagla; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen
In this study, the treatment of textile industrial wastewater by Fenton and Photo-Fenton oxidation processes was investigated. For this purpose, the pH, Fe2+ and H2O2 concentrations with the best organic matter and color removal were determined in the Fenton process and comparison with Fenton was made by Photo-Fenton oxidation at the optimal Fe2+/H2O2 ratio. The influent COD and TOC values of the wastewater used in the study were 848 mg/L and 253 mg/L, respectively. With the Fenton process, the best organic matter and color removal was obtained at pH 3, at 200 mg/L Fe2+ and 300 mg/L H2O2 concentrations. Under these conditions, 88.9% COD, 84.2% TOC and over 97% color removal were obtained with Fenton oxidation, and 93.2% COD, 88.9% TOC and 98% color were obtained with Photo-Fenton oxidation. However, when Fe2+ and H2O2 amounts were reduced to 50 mg/L and 75 mg/L, both organic matter and color removal were reduced with Fenton process, while higher organic matter removal and color removal were achieved with Photo-Fenton process. The total cost was changed between 9.56-16.88 euro/m3 and 13.46-20.13 euro/m3 with Fenton and Photo-Fenton oxidation process for all Fe2+/H2O2 ratios, respectively. With the Photo-Fenton oxidation process, higher organic matter removal was obtained at optimum Fe2+ and H2O2 concentrations. In addition, less Fe2+ and H2O2 chemicals were used in Photo-Fenton oxidation process to achieve the same removal efficiency compared to the Fenton oxidation process.
Comparison of Wool Fabric Dyeing with Natural and Synthetic Dyes in View of Ecology and Treatability
(Amer Assoc Textile Chemists Colorists-Aatcc, 2020) Atav, Rıza; Güneş, Elçin; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Güneş, Yalçın
The aim of this study was to compare the fastness properties and wastewater quality in obtaining the same color on 100% woven wool fabric with natural (madder) and synthetic (1:1 metal complex) dyes. The same color, with similar wet fastness properties, was obtained on the wool fabric when dyed with either dye. On the other hand, conductivity, the mcal oxygen demand (COD), and the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content of dyeings carried out with the synthetic dye mixture were considerably higher than dyeing with madder root extract, and its pH was more acidic, However, the amount of volatile suspended solids and color obtained in natural dyeing was higher than the amount in the synthetic dyeing wastewater.
Decolorization of methylene blue and methyl orange with Ag doped TiO2 under UV-A and UV-Visible conditions: Process optimization by response surface method and toxicity evaluation
(Global Network Environmental Science & Technology, 2016) Çifçi, Deniz İzlen
MB decolarization with pure TiO2 and Ag doped TiO2 based photocatalytic system were investigated under UV-A and UV-Visible conditions. Different ratios of Ag were used as metal dopant. 1% Ag-TiO2 increased the decolorization efficiencies of MB and MO dyes, also the k(app) constant enhanced under UVA and UV-Visible conditions. A central composite analysis showed the effect of initial dye concentration, pH, Ag-TiO2 concentration and the reaction time of photocatalytic process under UVA irridation in both dyes. The photocatalytic degradation pathways of both dyes by Ag doped TiO2 catalyst were obtained in this study. According to these results, the application of Ag-TiO2 catalyst are proved to be more effective than pure TiO2 catalyst for both MB and MO removal. The toxicity test of Daphnia Magna shows that non toxic wastewater discharge to the receiving environment could be possible with photocatalytic degration by Ag-TiO2 catalyst.
Decolorization potential of reactive dyes by using galvanising industry's waste (aluminum hydroxide sludge) depending on dye chromophore
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Aydın, Nesli; Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Güneş, Elçin; Güneş, Yalçın; Atav, Rıza
The galvanising industry's wastewater treatment facilities generate waste metal hydroxide. These sludges have the potential to be used to remove textile dyes from effluents. In this study, three reactive dyes, which are frequently used in cellulosic textile materials' dyeing, Remazol Turquoise Blue G 133% (CI RB21), Remazol Red 3B (CI RR23), and Remazol Red 3BS 133% (CI RR239) were used to investigate the color removal efficiency of aluminum hydroxide sludge (AHS) depending on dye chromophore. Adsorption studies were conducted under varying conditions of pH, initial dye concentrations, and AHS doses. The characteristics of the AHS were examined by SEM (EDX and DX-Mapping), BET, XRD, and FTIR. The maximum dye removal was achieved at pH 3 for CI RB21, and at pH 5 for CI RR239 and CI RR23. Over 90% of dye removal was obtained for CI RR239 and CI RB21, when the adsorbent dosages were 8 g/l and 5 g/l, respectively. For CI RR23, the highest color removal percentage was only 72.7%, when the dosage of adsorbent was 10 g/l. It was also determined that at 500 mg/l initial CI RB21 dye concentration, the removal percentage of CI RB21 reached 95%, while the maximum removal percentages (95% for CI RR239 and 68.3% for CI RR23) were achieved at the 200 mg/l and 100 mg/l initial dye concentrations for CI RR239 and CI RR23, respectively. In the study, it was observed that the number of sulfo groups affecting the ionic charge of dye molecules and molecular weights of the dyes have a significant effect on the dye removal efficiency.
Determination of optimum extinction wavelength for paracetamol removal through energy efficient thin film reactor
(Elsevier Science Sa, 2016) Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Tuncal, Tolga; Pala, Ayşegül; Uslu, Orhan
Paracetamol (PAM) mineralization through nano-composite thin film (TF) based photocatalytic system was investigated under variable operational conditions. The experiments were conducted using a non stirred flow through coated tubular quartz reactor (TQR). Elimination of energy demand arising from stirring and aeration through the developed TF reactor configuration was also among the main research interests. Ag-doped Si-TiO2 TFs were grown on Si-decorated inner surface of the TQR using sol-gel dip coating technique. The fabricated TF was characterized by SEM-EDS, TEM, AFM, XPS and UVvis spectroscopy methods. TF-based PAM mineralization kinetics were observed for both UVvis and UV wavelengths using pure, Si-Ti and Ag-doped Si-TiO2 TF(s). The direct and indirect optical ban gap energies (BGE) for the Ag doped Si-TiO2 TF were estimated to be 2.56 eV and 2.86 eV respectively. While no visible light activity was observed for pure TiO2 TF, Ag-doped Si-TiO2 TF exhibited significant PAM degradation activity for lambda > 400 nm with a k(obs) value of 2.1 +/- 0.1 10(-3) min(-1). In addition to known phenolic and carboxylated intermediates, UVvis spectroscopy, HPLC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS measurements indicated alpha-cyano-4-hydroxicinnamic acid (alpha PHC) formation as a result of photo-addition reactions under UV C irradiation. Experimental results also indicated that alpha PHC blocks h(+)/e(-) formation completely. Paracetamol could be degraded economically under UV B irradiation through the fabricated TF reactor without stirring, aeration or adding external electron acceptors. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Determination of the color removal efficiency of laccase enzyme depending on dye class and chromophore
(Iwa Publishing, 2019) Çifçi, Deniz İzlen; Atav, Rıza; Güneş, Yalçın; Güneş, Elçin
The aim of this article was to clarify which type of dye chromophores could be decolorized efficiently with the use of laccase enzyme. For this purpose, enzymatic degradation of different type of dye classes (4 reactive, 2 acid and 1 basic dye) having various chromophore groups was investigated by using commercial laccase from Cerrena unicolor. It was observed that the chromophore structure of dye is very important on enzymatic color removal efficiency. According to the experimental results, it was found that color removal efficiencies (20 mg/L initial dye) were 98.7% for RB220 (0.1 g/L enzyme after 6 h), 95.1% for RB19 (0.1 g/L enzyme after 48 h), 90.8% for AR42 (0.1 g/L enzyme after 48 h) while they were 60.9% for AR114 (0.25 g/L enzyme), 58.6% for RB21 (0.5 g/L enzyme), 39.7% for RR239 (0.25 g/L enzyme) even after seven days. As a result, it can be said that the highest decolorization rate was achieved for the reactive dye having formazan copper complex (RB220) chromophore. On the other hand, the enzymatic degradation of basic dye (BB9) was found to be rather difficult compared to the acid and reactive dyes used in this study and the maximum color removal was 42.8% after seven days.
Diclofenac sodium and paracetamol removal with ZnCl2 activated carbon produced from rice straw
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Çifçi, Deniz İzlen
This study explored the efficacy of activated carbon derived from rice straw and treated with ZnCl2 (ZnCl2-RS) for the removal of diclofenac sodium (DCF) and paracetamol (PCM) through an adsorption process. The investigation included examining the variations in removal efficiency at different pH levels and ZnCl2-RS doses. The characteristics of the ZnCl2-RS, prepared for the study, were determined through SEM and FTIR analyses, revealing a composition of 49.4% carbon and 8.3% zinc. At pH 5, the adsorption efficiency for DCF and PCM was enhanced, achieving removal rates of 92.2% for DCF and 89.1% for PCM with 0.2 g of ZnCl2-RS. The adsorption of DCF and PCM by ZnCl2-RS followed pseudo-second-order kinetic and adhered to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities were calculated as 26.04 mg/g for DCF and 19.05 mg/g for PCM. In conclusion, the cost-effective production of activated carbon from agricultural waste like rice straw yielded a promising adsorbent material for efficiently removing pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac sodium and paracetamol. This approach not only contributes to waste reduction but also promotes the repurposing of agricultural waste materials. © 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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