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Öğe Alternatif ve kafes yetiştirme sistemleri ile üretilen perakende yumurtaların kalite özellikleri(2019) Tekin, Eda İlhan; Çetin, Ece; Temelli, Seran; Eyigör, AyşegülAlternatif (organik, serbest dolaşımlı ve kümes) ve kafes yetiştirme sistemleri ile üretilmiş A sınıfı kahverengi ve beyaz perakende yumurtaların dış ve iç kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve Yumurta Tebliği ile Yumurta Standardı’na uyumluluğunun değerlendirilmesi amacı ile yapılan bu çalışmada her bir yetiştirme sistemine ait 50’şer adet olmak üzere 200 kahverengi, 150 (serbest dolaşımlı hariç 3 sistemden) beyaz, toplam 350 adet yumurta incelendi. Yetiştirme sisteminin, kahverengi yumurtalarda, şekil indeksi, kabuk ağırlığı, kabuk kırılma direnci ve Haugh Birimi (HB), beyaz yumurtalarda ise şekil indeksi, kabuk kalınlığı ve hava boşluğu yüksekliği dışında incelenen tüm özellikler üzerine etkisinin istatistiksel olarak önemli (p<0.05) olduğu belirlendi. Tüm örneklerin yumurta ağırlığı, Türk Gıda Kodeksi Yumurta Tebliği 2014/55’ne uygun bulunurken, serbest dolaşıma ait kahverengi yumurtalarda hava boşluğu yüksekliğinin sınır değerin üzerinde (6.75 mm) olup uygun olmadığı saptandı. Kafes sistemindeki beyaz yumurtaların HB değerleri, Türk Standardı Tavuk Yumurtası - Kabuklu (TS1068) ile uyumlu iken bu değerin serbest dolaşım ve kafes sistemlerine ait kahverengi yumurtalarda gerekliliklerin altında olduğu saptandı. Kafes sistemindeki kahverengi yumurtaların diğerlerine göre daha yüksek şekil indeksi değerine (% 79-küresel), beyazların daha düşük kabuk ağırlığına (7.26 g) sahip olduğu; serbest dolaşım ve kafes sistemlerindeki kahverengi yumurtaların kabuklarının daha kalın (0.32 mm), organik sistemdeki beyaz ile kafes sistemindeki kahverengi yumurtaların kabuk kırılma direnci yönünden en dayanıklı olduğu; en koyu sarı rengin kafes sisteminde üretilen beyaz yumurtalarda, en açık sarı rengin ise organik yumurtalarda bulunduğu belirlendi. Sonuçta, tüm kalite kriterlerine uygun yumurta üretebilecek ‘tek bir ideal’ yetiştirme sistemi olmadığı, sistemlerin kendi içlerinde dış ve iç kalite özelliklerini etkileyecek avantaj/dezavantajlarının bulunabildiği belirlendiÖğe Clostridium perfringens Contamination in Retail Meat and Meat-Based Products in Bursa, Turkey(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2018) Yıbar, Artun; Çetin, Ece; Ata, Zafer; Erköse, Evren; Tayar, MustafaThis study examined the incidence of Clostridium perfringens in raw, ready-to-cook (RTC), and ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and meat-based products (N=306) collected from restaurants, supermarkets, and butcher shops in Bursa, Turkey. In addition, we investigated the presence of the C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), as well as cpe genes and their source (chromosomal or plasmid borne). In this study, tryptose sulfite cycloserine (TSC) agar for classic culture isolation and API and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques were used to identify C. perfringens and detect cpa and cpe genes from these products, respectively. Seventeen C. perfringens isolates (5.6%) were isolated and identified with API 20A. In addition, 42 of 81 suspicious isolates (51.9%) were identified as C. perfringens using RT-PCR. Of the 81 suspicious isolates tested by RT-PCR, 22 (27.2%) carried the cpe gene either on the plasmid or chromosome. Twenty-one isolates were positive for chromosomal cpe (C-cpe), and one was positive for plasmid-borne cpe (P-cpe). CPE was detected in 31.8% (7/22) of the cpe positive isolates by the PET-RPLA test. In conclusion, C. perfringens and their CPEs were present in raw, RTC, and RTE meat and meat-based foods in this study. It is emphasized that the presence of C. perfringens and the cpe gene in these foods may be a potential risk for human health.Öğe Effect of Dietary Oregano and Rosemary Essential Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Cecal Microbiota of Broilers(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2022) Çetin, Ece; Anar, B.; Temelli, Seran; Cengiz, S. S.; Eren, M.In this study, the effect of dietary supplementation of oregano and rosemary essential oils (EO) on growth performance and cecal microbiota of broilers were investigated. A total of 450 1-d-old male Ross-308 broilers were divided into 5-experimental groups (10 replicates of 9 chickens): a Control (C), fed a basal diet; four treatments, which received a basal diet supplemented with oregano and rosemary EOs individually (O, 300 mg/kg oregano EO; R, 300 mg/kg rosemary EO) and combined (OR1, 150 mg/kg oregano EO + 150 mg/kg rosemary EO; OR2, 200 mg/kg oregano EO + 200 mg/kg rosemary EO). Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), feed conver-sion ratio (FCR), and cecal microbiota (coliforms, clostridia and lactobacilli) were determined weekly, and at 42 d, re-spectively. BW in R (p < 0.05) and OR2 (p < 0.001), and BWG and FCR in OR2 (p < 0.05) were significantly higher than C at 42 d, despite no difference in FI in any group during experimental period. Counts of cecal coliforms (p < 0.001) and clostridia (p < 0.01) decreased, and lactobacilli (p < 0.001) increased substantially between C and treatment groups. Results indicated that combined oregano and rosemary EO (200 mg/kg ea) supplementation significantly increased BW and BWG, improved FCR in 1-42 d, lowered coliform and clostridial, and increased lactobacilli counts suggesting a beneficial shift in cecal microbiota.Öğe Effects of aromatic plant extract mixture on laying efficiency, egg quality and antioxidant status in laying quails(Ankara Univ Press, 2022) Karakçı, Deniz; Çetin, İsmail; Çetin, Ece; Yesilbağ, DeryaThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of commercial plant extract mixture added to laying quail rations on performance, egg quality, plasma antioxidant and blood biochemical parameters. In this experiment, 160 Japanese quails aged twelve weeks were equally divided into four groups of 40 (five replicates of 8 quails each). The study included a control and three treatment groups. The treatment groups were as follows: (1) 100 mg/kg aromatic plant extract mixture-group 1; (2) 150 mg/kg aromatic plant extract mixture-group 2 (3) 200 mg/kg aromatic plant extract mixture-group 3, respectively. When examined the egg parameters at the end of the study, significant differences (P<0.05) were found in the parameters of egg weight, Haugh unit (HU), albumen index, egg yolk color and eggshell thickness. Egg weight and eggshell thickness values were measured the highest (P<0.05) in group 1. HU, egg yellow color and albumen index values were found significantly higher (P<0.05) in all experimental groups compared to the control group. Significant differences (P<0.05) were determined in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) values of plasma antioxidant parameters in the study. In the study, High density lipoprotein (HDL) value, one of the blood (plasma) parameters, was found to be higher (P< 0.001) in the experimental groups. Consequently, we can say that the addition of herbal extract mixture to quail diets increases egg quality and has a positive effect on cholesterol and plasma antioxidant parameters.Öğe Effects of Beta Vinasse Supplementation on Performance, Meat Quality and Ilio-Caecal Microflora in Quail Rations(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 2022) Çetin, İsmail; Yeşilbağ, D.; Cengiz, Şerife Şule; Çetin, Ece; Sarpasar, M.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Beta (?)-vinasse supplementation on the live weight (LW), live weight gain (LWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass yield, meat quality, and ilio-caecal bacteriological flora of quails. A total of 240 5-d-old Japanese (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) quails, including both males and females, were divided into 3 groups 80 quails and treated as follow: a control group (1) with 0 g ?-vinasse/ kg ration; (2) 15 g/kg ?-vinasse and (3) 30 g/kg ?-vinasse. The study lasted for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, supplementation with ?-vinasse did not have a significant effect on FI and FCR. Dietary supplementation with 30 g/ kg ?-vinasse significantly (P < 0.05) increased LW (21 d)and LWG (5 to 21 d). The dietary treatment of quails with different levels of ?-vinasse did not affect hot carcass weight, cold carcass weights, hot and cold carcass yields, and breast and thigh pH.The lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) of breast values were significantly (P<0.05) increased by 30 g/kg supplementation. Different levels of ?-vinasse significantly increased Lactobacillus spp. in faeces. As a result, it was concluded that ?-vinasse (by-product obtained from molasses) can be used in quail diets as an alternative feed source that will meet the nutritional needs of the animal and have positive effects on the digestive system, especially on the intestinal health (an increase in Lactobacillus spp. counts). © 2023, Derya Yesilbag YeşilbağÖğe Effects of Oregano Essential Oil (Origanum onites L.) Supplementation on Growth and Biochemical Metabolites in Merino Lambs(2023) Karakçı, Deniz; Çetin, İsmail; Çetin, EceAfter the prohibition of antibiotic usage to improve performance, the breeders have guided to natural resources for this purpose. Essential oils have many beneficial effects and they are ideal to use as a growth promoter feed additive in livestock. In our study for this reason, we used oregano essential oil (Origanum onites L.) in the treatment groups. Thirty Merino lambs (aged of 2.5 month and weighted average 30±0.1 kg) were housed in 45-day to determine the effects of oregano oil on the growth and biochemical metabolites. The main ration includes consisting of concentrate and alfalfa hay. In the control group oregano essential oil was not added. The second group (ORG 250) was supplemented with 250 mg/d oregano essential oil, third group (ORG 500) also were supplemented with 500 mg/d. Bloods were taken from 8 animals for each group in the initial and end of the study. Samples were collected into anticoagulant tubes and plasma were allocated into microtubes and stored until the analysis day. There were statistically differences in growth hormone (GH), total protein, triglyceride, AST concentrations in ORG 500 group at 45th day (p<0.05). However IGF-1, BHBA, albumin, cholesterol ALT, Ca, P levels had no statistically differences. It was defined that the increases in growth hormone, IGF-1 and some biochemical metabolites had positive effects on performance of oregano essential oil at a dose of 500 mg/day in small ruminants. It was concluded that the data that determined in this study will be beneficial for further researches.Öğe Nontyphoid Salmonella carriage, serovar profile and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in slaughter cattle(Wiley, 2019) Çetin, Ece; Serbetcioglu, Talha; Temelli, Seran; Eyigör, AyşegülCurrent nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) carriage in 200 apparently healthy slaughter cattle by ISO 6579 standard bacteriology (ISO) was 1% (2/200) in carcass and fecal content, and 2% (4/200) in mesenterial lymph nodes. There was no isolation from liver, kidney, spleen, and gallbladder, with an overall prevalence of 4% (8/200). Real-time PCR was in substantial agreement to ISO in confirming Salmonella-suspect isolates (Relative Trueness: 93.33%). Predominant serovar was S. Enteritidis (50%) followed by S. Typhimurium (37.5%), and S. Albany (12.5%). Five and three of eight NTS isolates were susceptible (62.5%) and resistant (37.5%) to 18 antimicrobials, respectively. Only three S. Enteritidis isolates (37.5%) showed multidrug resistance to 2-3 of 7 antimicrobials (amikacin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, and tobramycin). S. Enteritidis predominance over S. Typhimurium, first detection of S. Albany in cattle in Turkey, and sole resistance in mesenterial lymph node S. Enteritidis isolates highlights study findings.Öğe Nontyphoid Salmonella Prevalence, Serovar Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance in Slaughter Sheep(Korean Soc Food Science Animal Resources, 2020) Çetin, Ece; Temelli, Seran; Eyigör, AyşegülThis study aimed to determine the current prevalence, serovar distribution and antimicrobial resistance rate and patterns of nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) in slaughter sheep and their edible offal. While filling the gap of up to date related information in Turkey, data presented is also of significance since contamination of ovine meat, its products and offal with this pathogen is threat to public health due to their considerably high consumption rates in our country. Current NTS carriage in 200 apparently healthy slaughter sheep by ISO 6579:2002, 6579:2002/A1:2007 standard bacteriology (ISO) was 5% (10/200) (4 fecal content - 2%, 3 mesenterial lymph node - 1.5%, 3 kidney - 1.5%) out of 1,400 samples (0.7%), with no isolation from carcass, liver, gallbladder, spleen. Real-time PCR was in substantial agreement to ISO in confirming Salmonella-suspect isolates (Relative Trueness: 93.6%). S. Newport (40%) was the predominant serovar, followed by the second prevalent serovars as S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky (20%), and by S. Umbilo and S. Corvallis (10%). Four and 6 out of 10 NTS isolates were susceptible (40%) and resistant (60%) to 18 antimicrobials, respectively. S. Typhimurium isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) to tigecycline and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, with one also resistant to cefepime. S. Corvallis was MDR to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin. The predominance of S. Newport and first isolation of S. Corvallis in sheep in the world; first time isolations of Newport, Kentucky, Corvallis, Umbilo serovars from sheep in Turkey; and high antimicrobial resistance rates obtained in majority of the isolates highlights study findings.Öğe Proximate Composition of Leg Meat of Slow and Fast-Growing Broiler in Different Housing Systems(Istanbul Univ-Cerrahpasa, 2022) Özbek, Melahat; Petek, Metin; Çavuşoğlu, Enver; Çetin, Ece; Çetin, İsmailThe aim of this study was to evaluate the proximate composition of leg meat of slow- and fast-growing male broilers raised in different housing systems as conventional deep litter floor housing, indoor slatted floor housing, and indoor deep litter floor housing with range access (free-range). After slaughter at 56 days of age, 10 leg muscle samples of each 6 treatment group (2 x 3) were randomly selected and used to assess the meat quality properties. Compared to fast-growing chickens, slow-growing chicken meat had less protein content and higher fat content (p < .003, p < .05). There were significant differences in the water holding capacity of the meat between the slow- and fast-growing broilers (p < .05). The moisture content of the broiler meat produced from deep litter was found to be significantly greater than those of slatted floor housing and free-range (p < .041). The genotype x housing systems interaction for the fat content of leg meat of broiler was significant (p < .044). In conclusion, it can be said that genotype is more effective on proximate composition of broiler leg meat quality than the housing system.Öğe Sığır Karkas ve Sakatatlarında Hijyen Profilinin Yasal Mevzuat Kriterleri ile Değerlendirilmesi(2021) Demircioğlu, Ayşegül; Coşkun, Ahmet Gökhan; Temelli, Seran; Çetin, Ece; Eyigör, AyşegülÇalışmada, kasaplık sığırların karkas ve sakatatlarının Türk Gıda Kodeksi (TGK) Mikrobiyolojik Kriterler Yönetmeliği Üretim Hijyeni Kriterleri gereklilikleri dahilinde mikrobiyolojik kalitesinin belirlenmesi hedeflendi. Bu amaç ile, Marmara Bölgesinde 2013-2015 yılları arasında, 3 kombina ve 1 mezbahadan toplam 400 adet örnek alındı. Alınan 100 adet karkas örneği, Aerobik Koloni Sayısı (AKS) ve Enterobacteriaceae sayısı (ES)’nın belirlenmesi ve Salmonella varlığı yönünden, her bir karkasa ait olmak üzere toplamda 300 adet yenilebilir sakatat (100 karaciğer, 100 dalak, 100 böbrek) örneği ise Salmonella varlığı açısından, ilgili uluslararası standartlar olan ISO 4833-1:2003 (AKS), ISO 21528- 2:2004 (ES) ve ISO 6579:2002 (Salmonella) kullanılarak analiz edildi. İncelenen karkas örneklerinde AKS, 3,0x102- 4,0x105 kob/cm2 aralığında olup ortalama 3,1 x 104 kob/cm2, ES ise 0,1 x 101- 8,5 x 102 kob/ cm2 aralığında olup ortalama 1,9 x 102 kob/cm2 olarak bulundu. AKS ve ES sonuçlarının birbirinden bağımsız olarak ilgili yönetmeliğe göre değerlendirilmesi sonucunda, örneklerin AKS yönünden; %34’ü ‘Uygun’, %56’sı ‘Kabul Edilir’ ve %10’u ‘Uygun Değil’, ES yönünden de %57’si ‘Uygun’, %34’ü ‘Kabul Edilir’ ve %9’u ‘Uygun Değil’ olduğu tespit edildi. TGK Mikrobiyolojik Kriterler Yönetmeliği Üretim Hijyeni Kriterleri’ne göre AKS ve ES yönünden sırasıyla %90 ve %91, AKS ve ES sonuçları birlikte değerlendirildiğinde ise %84 oranında uygun bulunan sığır karkaslarının, ayrıca sakatatları dahil Salmonella içermediği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, örnekleme yapılan dönem içinde hijyenik kalitesinin oldukça iyi düzeyde olduğuna karar verildi.
