The Effect of Rosmarinic Acid on Cell Viability, Steatosis, Paraoxonase-1, and Paraoxonase-3 Protein Levels in Palmitateinduced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Model in HepG2 Cells

Abstract

Aim: We aimed to investigate the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) on cell viability, steatosis, paraoxonase (PON)1, and PON3 protein levels inpalmitate-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model in HepG2 cells.Materials and Methods: To induce an experimental steatosis model, HepG2 cells were incubated with 1 mM palmitate for 24 hours. For thetreatment, non-toxic RA concentrations were added to the cell culture medium simultaneously with the palmitate. Cell viability was evaluated by3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. To evaluate steatosis, intracellular triglyceride levels were measured andthe cells were examined microscopically with Oil-Red O staining. PON1 and PON3 protein levels were measured by Western blotting.Results: 1 mM palmitate caused a significant decrease in cell viability and a significant increase in triglyceride levels, but it did not significantlychange PON1 and PON3 protein levels. RA caused a significant increase in cell viability and a significant decrease in triglyceride levels in thepalmitate-treated cells. Similar findings with the triglyceride levels of cells were shown in microscopic examination of cells that were stained withOil-Red O. RA did not significantly change PON1 and PON3 protein levels in neither non-treated cells nor treated cells with palmitate.Conclusion: Our study showed that RA increases cell viability and decreases steatosis, but it does not change PON1 and PON3 protein levels inpalmitate-induced NAFLD model in HepG2 cells.