Paper-based devices

Abstract

Biosensors are promising tools in several areas such as clinical diagnosis, food analyses, environment monitoring, and in other fields, where rapid and reliable analyses are needed. Today they are represented on the market worldwide by an increasing number of paper-based electrodes working in these areas. Paper-based electrodes for glucose monitoring have been commercially available for about 25 years. Apart from glucose monitoring by using paper-based electrodes, commercials tests are now available for metabolites, human chorionic gonadotrophin, C-reactive protein, troponin, myoglobin, human immunodeficiency virus, influenza A and B, streptococcus A, Helicobacter pylori, adenovirus and rotavirus, malaria, tuberculosis, hepatitis A/B/C, and cancer biomarkers measurements in human fluids. Other application points of these paper-based commercial tests are food, environment, and biothreat applications. Such tests are successfully applied in home, office, hospitals, and clinics. In this chapter, the commercial tests used for clinical, food, environmental, and biothreat analyses in global market are reviewed and the specific features of these tests are summarized. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.