Effects of different soil types and varieties on oil quality of sunflower in the Thrace Region

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the influence of different soil types and varieties on seed yield and oil quality of sunflower in the Thrace Region, Turkey conditions in 2013, 2014 and 2015. Four sunflower varieties (LG 5580, P64 LL05, MAXTOR and BOSFORA) were grown under three different soil orders as Typic Xerorthent (Entisol), Typic Haploxerept (Inceptisol) and Typic Haploxerert (Vertisol). The plots were arranged in a randomised split design replicated three times and varieties were the main plot factor whereas soil types were the sub-plot. Grain yield, moisture content, oil content, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids obtained from experimental plots were evaluated in the study. The seed yield for treatments ranged from 1.64 t ha(-1) to 2.53 t ha(-1) in 2013, 1.60 t ha(-1) to 2.41 t ha(-1) in 2014 and 1.77 t ha(-1) to 2.55 t ha(-1) in 2015. Treatment differences for seed yield were statistically significant at 0.01 confidence level according to an analysis of variance. The highest average yield of sunflower was obtained from Vertisol soils with 2.26 t ha while the lowest yield was obtained from Inceptisol soils with 2.03 t ha. The highest average seed yield among the varieties was obtained from P64 LL05 with the value of 2.17 t ha and the lowest yield was obtained from MAXTOR with 2.03 t ha(-1). The harvest moisture content of the treatments varied between 4.50 and 8.56%. Treatment differences for oil contents were statistically significant at 0.01 confidence level according to an analysis of variance and oil contents obtained from treatments varied between 31.79% and 43.69%. The Vertisol soil had higher results than other soils for oil content. Unsaturated fatty acid (oleic, linoleic, linolenic and the other unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)) and saturated fatty acid (palmitic, stearic, lineolenic and other saturated fatty acids (SFA)) were evaluated in the research. As a result, sunflower seeds should be grown primarily in Vertisol soils for region and national economy.