Snake envenomation in two cattle: clinical/laboratory aspects and treatment using equine-derived antivenin of Viperidae

Abstract

In this case report, specific antivenin treatment for Viperidae snake envenomation in two cattle was defined for the first time.The diagnosis of snake envenomation was made according to the history and clinical findings. Clinical examination revealed systemic(tachycardia, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypersalivation, ruminal hypotony) and local (swelling of the leg and head) findings depending on thelocation of snake bites. Laboratory analysis determined granulocytic leukocytosis, monocytosis, decreased iron binding capacity, andincreased CK and LDH enzyme activities. In the specific treatment of cases, equine-derived polyvalent antivenin containing antitoxicimmunoglobulins against Viperidae species was administered. Additionally, 5% dextrose, antibiotics, dexamethasone, antihistamines,diuretics, and a vitamin B complex were applied. All clinical and laboratory abnormalities improved after treatment. Complete clinicalimprovement was observed within 1 week in both cases. The results indicate that equine-derived specific antivenin treatment in snakebites of the family Viperidae can be successfully used in cattle.