Primary headaches in scuba divers and the effect of temporomandibular dysfunction

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of episodic primary headaches (EPH) and temporomandibular dysfunction’s (TMD) effect in experienced scuba divers. Methods: A form consisting of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index and a structured headache questionnaire was sent to individuals using social media platforms. Results: A total of 132 divers and 104 non-divers were included the study. In male divers, EPH and TMD were not different from the non-diver group (p = 0.1, p = 0.1), and TMD had an effect on increasing the possibility of migraine (OR = 2.5, p = 0.04). In female divers, the possibility of EPH and TMD were also lower (OR = 0.1, p < 0.001, OR = 0.2, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Scuba diving does not pose a risk for EPH or TMD in either gender. TMD treatment in male divers is important for uncontrolled migraine attacks. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.