Does radiological evaluation of endobutton positioning in the sagittal plane affect clinical functional results in single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?

Abstract

Introduction Sports injuries are increasing today due to the increased interest in sports. The most common injured knee ligament is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in sport injuries. Accordingly, surgical treatment of the ACL is performed frequently. In this study, it was aimed to retrospectively evaluate whether the location of an endobutton on lateral knee radiography was effective on knee functional scores in patients who underwent ACL reconstruction. Materials and methods One hundred thirty patients who underwent ACL reconstruction between January 2015 and February 2019 were identified. The patients were divided into three groups according to the location of the endobutton on lateral radiographs taken in the postoperative period. Group 1 patients were classified as anterior, group 2 as middle, and group 3 as posterior according to the location of the endobutton. Functional scoring, physical examination tests, comparative thigh diameter measurements, and single-leg hop tests were compared between the groups. It was evaluated as to whether there was a statistically significant difference between the groups. Results There were 38 patients in group 1, 63 patients in group 2, and 29 patients in group 3. The mean age was 29.1 in group 1, 29.1 in group 2, and 29.7 in group 3. The mean follow-up period of the patients was 18.4 months in group 1, 19.1 months in group 2, and 21.4 months in group 3. The average Lysholm score was 92.9 in group 1, 93.3 in group 2, and 91.7 in group 3. The mean modified Cincinnati scores were 27.0, 27.1, and 26.6, respectively, in the groups. The mean IKDC score of the subjective knee assessments was 92.5, 92.8, and 91, respectively, according to the groups. The average thigh atrophy value was 1 cm, 1 cm, and 1.2 cm, respectively, in the groups. In the single-leg hop test, 34 patients in group 1 jump to over 85% of the distance compared with the intact side, while 58 patients in group 2, and 23 patients in group 3 were successfully able to jump this distance. The effect of the placement of the endobutton in the anterior, middle or posterior was not statistically significant on functional scores and physical examination results. In patients with endobuttons in the middle, functional scores were found better than in those with anterior or posterior placement. Conclusions No statistically significant differences were found in clinical functional results when comparing patients' endobutton location on femur. For this reason, surgical time should not be extended using unnecessary extra effort to change the orientation of the exit hole during surgery.