Bahar-Tokman, H.Demirci, MehmetKeskin, Fatma E.Çağatay, P.Taner, Z.Öztürk-Bakar, Y.Kiraz, NuriKocazeybek, B.S.2023-04-202023-04-2020221433-6510https://doi.org/10.7754/Clin.Lab.2022.211244https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11776/11061Background: The aim of this study was to determine the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiota and IL-1?, IL-6, IL-8, TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5 gene expression levels in the blood of adult type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and compare it with that of adult nondiabetic healthy controls (HC). Methods: Between May 2016 and April 2017, 99 T2D patients and 99 HCs were enrolled in the study. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes levels were assessed from stool sample DNA and IL-1?, IL-6, IL-8, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 gene expression levels assesed from blood sample RNA via qPCR from both T2D patients and healthy controls. Results: The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio detected in the stool of type 2 diabetes patients was found to be higher with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). Gene expression levels of IL-1?, IL-6, IL-8, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 were found to be upregulated. Conclusions: The highest upregulation was detected in IL-6 with 11 fold in T2D patients comparing with HCs. F/B ratio and gene expression levels were elevated in T2D patients. Firmicutes were positively correlated with studied gene expressions. A better understanding of the complex interaction between gut microbiota, environment, and diabetes will allow for more effective prevention and treatment strategies for T2D. © 2022 Verlag Klinisches Labor GmbH. All rights reserved.en10.7754/Clin.Lab.2022.211244info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessBacteroidetesFirmicutesGut microbiotaILsTLRsType 2 diabetesinterleukin 1betainterleukin 6interleukin 8toll like receptor 2toll like receptor 4toll like receptor 5interleukin 6interleukin 8RNATLR2 protein, humanTLR4 protein, humantoll like receptor 2toll like receptor 4toll like receptor 5adultagedArticleBacteroidetesblood samplingcontrolled studydiabetic patientfeces analysisfemaleFirmicutesgene expression levelhumanintestine floramajor clinical studymalenon insulin dependent diabetes mellitusreal time polymerase chain reactionupregulationBacteroidetesFirmicutesgene expressiongeneticsmetabolismAdultBacteroidetesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FirmicutesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeGene ExpressionHumansInterleukin-6Interleukin-8RNAToll-Like Receptor 2Toll-Like Receptor 4Toll-Like Receptor 5Article68919031910Q4WOS:0009205140000012-s2.0-8513814337236125161Q3