Bal, UğurShariatpanahi, Mehran E.Castro, Antonio J.Emery, DelphineClement, ChristopheDehestani-Ardakani, MaryamTouraev, Alisher2022-05-112022-05-1120121212-19751805-9325https://doi.org/10.17221/176/2011-CJGPBhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11776/9519This review describes sources of structures of non-microspore origin observed in anther and microspore cultures. Various characteristics of these structures may cause a wrong diagnosis of these structures as embryos or cell/tissue clusters of microspore origin. Here we suggest such structures to be named as pseudo-embryogenic structures. The introduction of pseudo-embryogenic structures and their origins could be helpful to distinguish them from true microspore-derived structures. Prompted by certain environmental cues, somatic cells existing as a contamination in immature pollen (microspores) cultures can lead to the formation of 'pseudo-embryos' commonly known as embryoids. The pseudo-embryogenic structures may be classified in the following groups: (i) pseudo-star-like structures; pseudo-multicellular structures; (ii) pseudo-embryos with pseudo-suspensors; (iii) contaminating bacteria appearing as callus colonies; (iv) calli and embryos of somatic origin; (v) giant tetrad-like structures; (vi) anther wall cells. The exact origin of these structures is discussed in this paper, and some recommendations are proposed in order to avoid misinterpretation.en10.17221/176/2011-CJGPBinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessanther culturemicrospore embryogenesispseudo-embryogenic structuresTriticum-Aestivum L.Isolated Pollen GrainsSomatic EmbryogenesisPlant-RegenerationInductionMediaReview Article4825160Q4WOS:0003053152000012-s2.0-84862298204Q3