Rawal, AmitSharma, SumitSingh, DanvendraJangir, Nitesh KumarSaraswat, HarshvardhanSebok, DanielÖnal, Levent2022-05-112022-05-1120201751-61611878-0180https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104069https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11776/6751Biomaterials are porous and three-dimensional (3D) templates, which are used as biological substitutes in tissue engineering. Targeting the optimal design of biomaterials requires a synergy between mechanical, porous, mass transport, and biological properties. To address this challenge, we propose a non-periodic meta-biomaterial in the form of an out-of-plane auxetic nonwoven scaffold that possesses a 3D interconnected highly porous structure with remarkable mechanical properties corresponding to conventional nonwoven material. A design strategy of utilizing larger fiber diameters to enhance the porosity and permeability characteristics successfully devised the nonwoven scaffold with an extraordinary out-of-plane auxetic effect. In situ tensile-X-ray microcomputed to-mography (microCT) analysis has been carried out to monitor the variation in the morphological characteristics.en10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104069info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessBiomaterialsNonwovenAuxeticPorous materialsStructuralOut-of-planeScaffoldsDifferentiationPorosityArticle112Q2WOS:0005876415000052-s2.0-8509109553432957055Q2