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Examining mindfulness and moral disengagement in doping: Perspective of Turkish wrestlers
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023) Ayyıldız, Erdem; Kayabeşler, H.; Gülü, M.; Yağin, F.H.; Aldhahi, M.I.; García-Grimau, E.; Al-Mhanna, S.B.
Introduction: Studies related to attitudes toward the use of prohibited substances in Turkish athletes are scarce. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has implemented anti-doping educational policies emphasizing doping-related education in studies conducted among Turkish wrestlers. However, it is still unclear the extent to which the wrestlers comply and adhere to these anti-doping policies. No research has previously examined the effect of anti-doping education on athletes' mindfulness and moral disengagement in doping (MDD). Therefore, the present study has a two-fold objective: first, to examine whether doping-related education (DRE) and the status of being a national athlete (NA) have an effect on athlete mindfulness and MDD. Second, to analyze the relationship between each sub-dimensions of athlete mindfulness: awareness (ASD), judgment (JSD), and refocus (RSD) with MDD. Methods: A total of 409 male wrestlers participated in this study. MANOVA analysis showed that NA and DRE alone have no effect on MDD but have a general effect on mindfulness. Results: The highest effect was on the ASD of being an NA ((Formula presented.) = 0.173). When the interaction effect of NA*DRE was examined, significant difference in MDD (F = 8.218, p = 0.004), ASD (F = 8.476, p = 0.004), JSD (F = 5.844, p = 0.016), and RSD (F = 11.476, p = 0.001) were found. MDD has a weak negative relationship with ASD (r = ?0.126) and RSD (r = ?0.041) and a weak positive relationship with the JSD sub-dimension (r = 0.140). Those results suggest that being a NA and having received anti-doping education affect moral disengagement in doping and athletes' mindfulness. Discussion: As a conclusion, it is recommended to increase awareness and anti-doping education among national-standard Turkish wrestlers to prevent them from engaging in doping behaviors. Copyright © 2023 Ayyıldız, Kayabeşler, Gülü, Yagin, Aldhahi, García-Grimau and Al-Mhanna.
The Risk Factors Associated with Grip Lock Injuries in Artistic Gymnasts: A Systematic Review
(MDPI, 2023) Kara, Erhan; Sağıroğlu, İ.; Vurgun, H.; Eken, Ö.; Ceylan, H.İ.; Gabrys, T.; Barasinska, M.
Artistic gymnastics (AG) is a sport that demands grace, strength, and flexibility, leading to a broad spectrum of injuries. The dowel grip (DG) is widely used by gymnasts to securely hold onto the high bar or uneven bars. However, incorrect usage of the DG can result in grip lock (GL) injuries. This systematic review aims to (1) identify studies that have investigated the risk factors related to GL injuries among gymnasts and (2) synthesize the key evidence. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, SportDiscus, and Google Scholar, covering the period from their inception until November 2022. The data extraction and analysis were independently completed by two investigators. A total of 90 relevant studies were initially identified, out of which seven clinical trials met the eligibility criteria. For the quantitative synthesis, five studies were included. The details extracted from each article include: the sample characteristics (number, gender, age, and health status), the study design, the instrumentation or intervention used, and the final results. Our results revealed that the underlying causes of the risk factors of GL injuries were the irregular checking of the dowel grip and the mating surface of the bar, the tearing of the dowel of the leather strap, and the use of the dowel grip in different competition apparatuses. In addition, GL injuries may occur either as severe forearm fractures or mild injuries. Excessive flexion of the forearm and overpronation of the wrist during rotational movements, such as the swing or backward/forward giant circle, may increase the possibility of GL injury on the high bar. Future studies should focus on GL injury prevention strategy and rehabilitation protocol for GL injuries. Further high-quality research is required to establish the validity of these findings. © 2023 by the authors.
Exploring obesity, physical activity, and digital game addiction levels among adolescents: A study on machine learning-based prediction of digital game addiction
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Gülü, Mehmet; Yağin, Fatma Hilal; Göçer, İshak; Yapıcı, Hakan; Ayyıldız, Erdem; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Ardigo, Luca Paolo
Primary study aim was defining prevalence of obesity, physical activity levels, digital game addiction level in adolescents, to investigate gender differences, relationships between outcomes. Second aim was predicting game addiction based on anthropometric measurements, physical activity levels. Cross-sectional study design was implemented. Participants aged 9-14 living in Kirikkale were part of the study. The sample of the study consists of 405 adolescents, 231 girls (57%) and 174 boys (43%). Self-reported data were collected by questionnaire method from a random sample of 405 adolescent participants. To determine the physical activity levels of children, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Digital Game addiction was evaluated with the digital game addiction (DGA) scale. Additionally, body mass index (BMI) status was calculated by measuring the height and body mass of the participants. Data analysis were performed using Python 3.9 software and SPSS 28.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) package program. According to our findings, it was determined that digital game addiction has a negative relationship with physical activity level. It was determined that physical activity level had a negative relationship with BMI. In addition, increased physical activity level was found to reduce obesity and DGA. Game addiction levels of girl participants were significantly higher than boy participants, and game addiction was higher in those with obesity. With the prediction model obtained, it was determined that age, being girls, BMI and total physical activity (TPA) scores were predictors of game addiction. The results revealed that the increase in age and BMI increased the risk of DGA, and we found that women had a 2.59 times greater risk of DGA compared to men. More importantly, the findings of this study showed that physical activity was an important factor reducing DGA 1.51-fold. Our prediction model Logit (P) = 1/(1 + exp(-(-3.384 + Age*0.124 + Gender-boys*(-0.953) + BMI*0.145 + TPA*(-0.410)))). Regular physical activity should be encouraged, digital gaming hours can be limited to maintain ideal weight. Furthermore, adolescents should be encouraged to engage in physical activity to reduce digital game addiction level. As a contribution to the field, the findings of this study presented important results that may help in the prevention of adolescent game addiction.
The examination of relative age effect in Turkey female's first football league and place in success
(Univ Antioquia, Inst Univ Educacion Fisica & Deporte, 2022) Arı, Yasemin; Tuncel, Asım; Harbili, Erbil
Objective: to examine relative age effect and its effect on league ranking in Turkish female's first football league. Method: the data of 2684 players, who participated in the league between 2012 and 2019 was gathered from the official website of The Turkish Football Federation and their birth-dates were divided into quarters by month. To test the extent of the relative age effect in each season, a chi-square test was used to assess the observed and expected birth distribution across the sample of players. Chi-square values were followed up by calculating Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI) for the quartile distributions in order to examine subgroup differences. Significance level was accepted as 0.05. Results: it has been found that there is the relative age effect among all season birth-quarters distributions (X-2 =90.858, p<0.05). Each season evaluate separately, it was found significant differences in five season which include 2012-2013, 2014-2015, 2016-2017, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 seasons (respectively: X-2 ((3)) =15.309, 11.347, 24,285, 19.260, 19.168, p<0.05). It has been found that there are significant differences among teams' birth-quarter distributions according to league ranking in each season (p<0.05). Conclusion: this study was presented that there is relative age effect in Turkish woman soccer players. Even though all season league ranking assessment for the relative age effect was found statistically differences, it is difficult to say that the relative age effect is an important factor for success.
Relationship Between Soccer-Specific Skills and Skill-Related Fitness in Adolescent Soccer Players
(2022) Kurt, Cem; Viran, Süleyman; Canlı, Umut
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between soccer-specific skills and skill-related fitness in adolescent football players. Thirty male soccer players (age: 15.86 ± 0.69 years; football experience 7.10 ± 1.70 years) were recruited from a soccer team. Soccer players performed both soccer-specific skill tests and skill-related fitness tests. Soccer-specific skill tests included the Loughborough soccer passing test, Yeagley soccer test, Mor–Christian general soccer ability skill test, and the skill-related fitness tests consisted of the alternate-hand wall-toss test, countermovement jump test, sport-specific core muscle strength and stability plank test, pro-agility test, 20-m sprint test, and lower-quarter Y balance test. Pearson product-moment correlation analyses revealed a moderately positive correlation among the Mor–Christian general soccer ability skill test score (dribbling), pro-agility test score (r = 0.44, p = 0.01), and 20-m sprint time (r = 0.43, p = 0.01). There were no correlations among other variables for both the soccer-specific skill tests and skill-related fitness tests. Based on the findings of the study, we conclude that dribbling drills in soccer should be supported by agility and sprint exercises to increase dribbling speed by soccer trainers and soccer players.
The mediator role of communication skill in the relationship between empathy, team cohesion, and competition performance in curlers
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Bedir, Deniz; Ağduman, Fatih; Bedir, Fatih; Erhan, Süleyman Erim
Understanding the psycho-social factors such as communication, empathy, cohesion, etc., that affect successful athletic performance is a high priority and primary focus for applied sports psychology. Detailed examination of the athletes' psycho-social characteristics is essential in revealing which processes play an active role in achieving optimum performance. Developing these features of the athlete can contribute to coordinating the team, sharing tasks, increasing motivation, preparing team members for a change, and improving performance. For this purpose, the mediating role of communication skills in the relationship between empathy, team cohesion, and competition performance was examined in a sample of 241 curlers competing in 69 teams in the Turkish Curling League in the 2021-2022 season. During the data collection process, Personal Information Form, Empathic Tendency Scale, Scale for Effective Communication in Team Sport, and Group Environment Questionnaire were used. Competition performance was calculated by giving 1 point for each match won by the teams in the competitions in which the single-circuit round-robin system is applied. Structural equation modeling was used in data analysis to determine the direct and indirect predictive effects between variables. The study showed that empathy and team cohesion predict competition performance through communication skills, and communication skills fully mediate this relationship. Based on the research results, it was evaluated that communication skills have a substantial effect on the competitive performance of athletes, and this finding was discussed in the context of the literature.
Exploring the effect of physical activity level on balance, aerobic performance and cognitive function in young sedentary individuals
(Editura Universitatii din Pitesti, 2022) Canlı, Umut; Samar, E.
The study examined the effect of physical activity levels of young sedentary individuals on balance, aerobic performance and cognitive functions. The research group consisted of 44 young sedentary individuals (32 females; 12 males; age: 42.2 ± 9.6 years; the body height: 162.3 ± 7.8 cm, the body mass: 71.3 ± 14.6 kg, body mass index (BMI): 26.9 ± 5.1 kg/m2). The subjects were divided into two groups (“less active” and “more active”) according to the mean physical activity level of overall study sample. The short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was usedto estimate physical activity level (PAL). Static and proprioceptive balance performance was measured with the Sensamove Balance Test using the Miniboard device. Aerobic performance was evaluated with the 1-Mile Endurance Run/Walk Test. The Go/No-Go test and the d2 test of attention were used to determine cognitive functions. No significant difference was found in the comparison of the static balance performances of the more active and less active groups (p>0.05). It was determined that there was a significant difference in favor of the more active group in the proprioceptive balance performance results (?(1)2: 4.494; p>0.05; (Phi)3: 0.32). The level of physical activity did not make a significant difference on cognitive functions such as the inhibition and attention levels of the participants. PAL also did not affect the aerobic performance of participants. While being more active does not have an effect on static balance, aerobic performance and cognitive functions, it may provide an advantage for proprioceptive balance. © 2022, Editura Universitatii din Pitesti. All rights reserved.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Egzersizde Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlarını Öngörmede EgzersizdeDavranışsal Düzenlemelerin ve Hedef Yöneliminin Rolü
(2020) Ersöz, Gözde; Özcan, Yaşar
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi’nde 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında öğrenim gören üniversite öğrencilerinin egzersizde temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarını öngörmede egzersizde davranışsal düzenlemelerin ve hedef yöneliminin rolünü incelemektir. Araştırmada ayrıca fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile egzersizde temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar, davranışsal düzenlemeler ve hedef yönelimi ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmaya 283 üniversite öğrencisi (nerkek= 156; Xyaş= 20.64±3.58 ve nkadın= 127; Xyaş=19.65±4.10) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılara kişisel bilgi formu, “Egzersizde Hedef Yönelimi Ölçeği (EHYÖ)”, “Egzersizde Davranışsal Düzenlemeler Ölçeği (EDDÖ)” ve “Egzersizde Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği (ETPİÖ)” ve “Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi (UFAA)” uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistik analizi (ortalama ve standart sapma), hiyerarşik regresyon analizi ve Pearson Momentler Çarpım Korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları incelendiğinde hiyerarşik regresyon analizi sonucunda, içsel ve içe atımla düzenleme ile görev yönelimi yeterlik ve özerklik ihtiyacını pozitif yönde yordarken; dışsal düzenleme yeterlik ihtiyacını negatif yönde öngörmüştür. İlişkili olma ihtiyacı ise içsel ve içe atımla düzenleme ile görev ve ego yönelim tarafından pozitif yönde öngörülmüştür. Katılımcıların fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri içsel ve içe atımla düzenleme ve yeterlik, özerklik ve ilişkili olma psikolojik ihtiyaçları ilepozitif ilişkili bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, egzersizi eğlenerek ve zevk alarak, içselleştirerek yapan bireyler ve egzersiz yaparken hedefler koyan kişilerin egzersiz yaptıklarında yeterlik, özerklik ve ilişkili olma ihtiyaçlarını tatmin ettikleri; sağlık, fiziksel görünüm gibi dışsal sebeplerle egzersiz yapan bireylerin egzersizde yeterlilik ihtiyaçlarının azaldığı; egzersizi kendisini başkalarıyla karşılaştırarak yapan, kendi hedeflerinden çok dışsal hedefler koyan bireylerin de egzersizde ilişkili olma ihtiyacını karşıladıkları görülmüştür. Araştırmanın bir diğer sonucu ise egzersizi eğlenerek ve içselleştirerek yapan bireyler ile egzersizde yeterlik, özerklik ve ilişkili olma ihtiyaçlarının tatmin eden üniversite öğrencilerinin daha aktif bir yaşam tarzına sahip olduklarıdır.
Altyapı Sporcularının Antrenör-Sporcu İlişkilerinin Ahlaki Karar Alma Tutumlarına Etkisinin Belirlenmesi
(2021) Taşkın, Cüneyt; Canlı, Tülay; Canlı, Umut
Bu araştırma altyapı sporcularının bazı değişkenler ile antrenör-sporcu ilişkisi düzeylerinin sporcuların ahlaki karar alma tutumlarına etkisinin ortaya konulmasını amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya 109 erkek sporcu, 131 kadın sporcu (yaş = 13,5±1,71) olmak toplam 240 sporcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Araştırmada Antrenör-Sporcu İlişkisi Envanteri ve Altyapı Sporlarında Ahlaki Karar Alma Tutumları ölçekleri veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde; betimsel istatistik, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, Cronbach alfa ve hiyerarşik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Alt yapı sporcularının yaş, spor yaşı, antrenör ile çalıştığı sürenin özgün katkısının anlamlı olduğu ve hileyi benimsemek alt boyutunu (R=0,278; R2=0,077; Düzeltilmiş R2=0,065; F(3-236)= 6,582; p<0,05) ve yarışma severlik alt boyutunu (R=0,207; R2=0,043; Düzeltilmiş R2=0,031; F(3-236)= 3,538; p<0,05) etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Antrenör-sporcu ilişkisinin özgün katkısının da anlamlı olduğu hem hileyi benimsemek hem de yarışma severlik alt boyutunu etkilediği belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Antrenör-sporcu ilişkisinin ise özgün katkısının model içerisinde çok yüksek düzeyde anlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak; yaş ve spor yaş düzeyinin artması ile beraber zayıf düzeyde olsa hileyi benimseme düzeylerinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Antrenör ve sporcu arasında karşılıklı saygı, güven ve değer vermeyi ifade eden yakınlık alt boyutu ile ahlaki karar almada olumlu tutum ve davranışı temsil eden adilce kazanmak alt boyutu arasında pozitif doğrusal ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
BİREYLERİN FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTEYE KATILIM DURUMLARINA GÖRE MUTLULUK VE DUYGUSAL DÜZENLEMEDE ÖZ-YETERLİK DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
(2021) Sunay, Hakan; Ayyıldız, Erdem
Bu çalışmanın amacı, bireylerin fiziksel aktiviteye katılım durumlarına göre mutluluk ve duygusal düzenlemede öz-yeterlik düzeylerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmada nicel araştırmalardan ilişkisel yöntem tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini Ankara ilindeki yetişkin bireyler oluştururken, örneklemini ise seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 177 erkek, 213 kadın katılımcı olmak üzere toplam 390 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçlarımız üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın ilk bölümü olan kişisel bilgi formunda 6 soru bulunmaktadır. İkinci bölümünde ise, Akın ve ark., (2014) tarafından bireylerin duygusal öz-yeterlik düzeylerinin ölçülmesi amacıyla geliştirilen 5’li likert tipi bir ölçektir. Üçüncü bölümse ise, Hills ve Argyle (2002) geliştirdiği, Doğan ve Akıncı-Çötok’un Türkçeye uyarladığı Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği Kısa Formu kullanılmıştır. Bu ölçek bireylerin mutluluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi amacıyla 7 sorudan oluşan ve 5’li likert tipi bir ölçektir. Verilerin güvenirlik katsayıları hesaplanmış ve normallik değerlerine bakılarak, parametrik testlerden, ikili gruplar için t-testi, çoklu gruplar için anova testi ve ölçekler arası ilişkinin incelenmesi için pearson korelasyon testi uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, mutluluk ve duygusal düzenlemede öz-yeterlik alt boyutlarında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu, bireyin özyeterliliği arttıkça mutluluk düzeyinin de arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca sonuçlar göstermektedir ki, sıklıkla fiziksel aktivite yapan bireyler daha mutlu ve öz-yeterlik düzeyi yüksek kişilerdir. Guicciardi ve ark. (2019) düzenli fiziksel aktiviteye katılımın bireyin yaşam kalitesini artırarak mutlu ve öz-yeterliliği yüksek olmasına katkı sağladığı sonucuna ulaşarak çalışmamızla paralel bir sonuç elde etmiştir.
Mental Training Skills of Athletes According to Various Variables
(2022) Gülşen Eşkil, Kezban; Eşkil, Remzi; İlhan, Ekrem Levent; Arı, Yasemin
This study was carried out based on the scanning model in order to examine the mental training skill profiles of athletes according to different variables. 417 athletes (Mean age = 20.62 ± 1.97) participated in the study voluntarily. Personal Information Form and Mental Training Inventory in Sports were applied to the participants. SPSS 25.00 package program was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, T-test for Independent Groups and Pearson Product Moments Correlation. In the findings obtained, in terms of interpersonal skills, female athletes are ahead of male athletes and team athletes than individual athletes; in view of the basic mental skills sub-dimension, it was found that the average scores of individual athletes were higher than team athletes, and the mental visualization skills of national athletes were higher than non-national athletes (p
Can high-intensity interval training and small-sided games be effective for improving physical fitness after detraining? A parallel study design in youth male soccer players
(PeerJ Inc., 2022) Clemente, F.M.; Soylu, Y.; Arslan, E.; Kilit, Bülent; Garrett, J.; van, den, Hoek, D.; Silva, A.F.
Background: The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) analyze the within-group physical fitness adaptations promoted by a detraining period (4 weeks) followed by an intervention period (4 weeks) using small-sided games (SSGs) or running-based high intensity interval training (HIIT); and (ii) analyze the between-group differences aiming to identify the effectiveness of each training intervention on the physical fitness of youth male soccer players. Methods: This study followed a randomized parallel study design. Forty male soccer players (age: 16.4 ± 0.5 years old) were assessed three times: (i) baseline; (ii) after 4 weeks of detraining; and (iii) after a retraining period of 4 weeks. After returning from detraining, players were randomized to an SSG-based training intervention (n = 20) or running-based HIIT (n = 20). Interventions lasted 4 weeks, with a training frequency of three sessions per week. At all timepoints, players were assessed by: (i) anthropometry (height, body mass, fat mass (FM)), countermovement jump (CMJ), standing broad jump (SBJ), triple hop jump (THJ), linear sprint test (5-, 10-, and 20-m), zig-zag test with (ZZwB) and without (ZZwoB) ball, three corner run test (3CRT), Y-balance test and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIRT). Mixed ANOVA (time * group) was conducted for testing interactions between the three timepoints of repeated measures and the two groups. Effect size (ES) for pairwise comparisons was calculated using Cohen’s. Results: Between-group analysis revealed significantly smaller SBJ (t = ?2.424, p = 0.020, d = ?0.767 small ES) and THT (t = ?4.353, p < 0.001, d = ?1.376 large ES) in the SSG group after the retraining period. At the same time, SSG presented significantly greater FM after retraining compared to HIIT (t = 3.736, p < 0.001, d = 1.181 large ES). Additionally, SSG had significantly smaller values than HIIT in the ZZwB (t = ?3.645, p < 0.001, d = ?1.153 large ES), but greater times in the ZZwoB (t = 2.679, p = 0.011, d = 0.847 large ES) and 3CRT (t = 3.126, p = 0.003, d = 0.989 large ES). Conclusions: Although SSG and HIIT interventions improved physical fitness outcomes after a period of detraining, they were not able to effectively restore body composition, CMJ, 20-m sprint, ZZwB, and YYIRT compared with the baseline assessments (before detraining). Only HIIT was significantly effective for restoring SBJ, short linear sprin speed, and change-of-direction compared with baseline. HIIT was also significantly better than SSG in improving SBJ and ZZwoB. Although the small sample, the non determination of maturation status and the need to be cautious regarding generalization, HIIT appears to be more beneficial than SSG after a detraining period for recovery of body composition and physical fitness qualities in this specific context of youth soccer players. © Copyright 2022 Clemente et al.
Effect of Coach Encouragement on the Psychophysiological and Performance Responses of Young Tennis Players
(Mdpi, 2019) Kilit, Bülent; Arslan, Erşan; Akca, Firat; Aras, Dicle; Soylu, Yusuf; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Knechtle, Beat
This study aimed to compare the effects of coach encouragement during the on-court tennis training drills (OTDs) on the psychophysiological and performance responses of young tennis players. Twenty-five young male tennis players (14.0 +/- 0.3 years of age) performed six bouts of each of the four common OTDs; Star, Suicide, Box and Big X (30:60 s; 1:2 work to rest ratio). The heart rate (HR) and total distance covered were monitored using two portable multivariable integrated 10 Hz GPS monitoring devices during all OTDs, and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE-10) and short form Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) values were determined after each OTDs bout. The results demonstrated that OTDs with coach encouragement induced significantly higher psychophysiological and performance responses compared to OTDs without coach encouragement (p < 0.05). The results of this study confirm that coach encouragement improves the intensity, performance and physical enjoyment level during OTDs. These findings might inform training practices in youth tennis players in order to improve tennis performance.
Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training Vs. On-Court Tennis Training in Young Tennis Players
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2019) Kilit, Bülent; Arslan, Erşan
This study aimed to examine the effects of 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. 6 weeks of on-court tennis training (OTT) on the psychophysiological responses, performance responses, and technical scores of young tennis players. Twenty-nine young male tennis players (aged 13.8 +/- 0.4 years) were divided into HIIT (n = 14) and OTT groups (n = 15). Both groups trained for the same total training duration with passive rest in each session. Pre-test and post-test included maximum oxygen consumption ((V)overdoto(2) max), sprinting, jumping, 400-m running time, a tennis-specific technical test, and the t-drill agility test. The training interventions resulted in similar improvements in (V)over doto(2) max responses (HIIT: +5.2%, d = 1.36 [large effect]; OTT: +5.5%, d = 1.50 [large effect]). Both training protocols increased jumping and sprinting performances significantly from pre-testing to post-testing (p < 0.05, d values ranging from 0.40 to 1.10). The OTT group showed significantly higher performance responses in terms of the agility test performance and technical scores (p < 0.05, d= ranging from 0.77 to 0.88 [moderate effect]) compared with the HIIT group. By contrast, the HIIT group exhibited significantly higher performance responses in terms of the 400-m running time (p < 0.05, d= 1.32 [large effect]). Our results showed that tennis-specific on-court drills might be a more effective training strategy to improve agility and technical ability with greater physical enjoyment, whereas HIIT may be more appropriate for speed-based conditioning in young tennis players.
Time-Motion Characteristics, Notational Analysis and Physiological Demands of Tennis Match Play: A Review
(Drustvo Pedagoga Tjelesne & Zdravstvene Kulture, 2018) Kilit, Bülent; Arslan, Erşan; Soylu, Yusuf
Tennis is a sport characterized by a combination of physical actions such as running at different speeds, acceleration, turns, strokes and game-specific actions. In this regard, competitive tennis players require not only well-developed aerobic endurance and anaerobic capacity, but also technical and tactical skills to achieve high levels of performance during training and matches. The aim of this review was to investigate the demands of competitive tennis match play in terms of physiological responses, time-motion characteristics and match analysis. Three sport science journal databases PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and SPORT Discus were screened for papers published until May 2018. The following keywords were used in various combinations with tennis: notational analysis, physiological demands, simulated match, time-motion, and match characteristic. In this review, studies had to meet follow inclusion criteria: cross sectional or longitudinal design, case control studies, or experimental studies electronically published in English. All studies demonstrated high methodological quality. This review presents a useful synthesis of all research into match performance in tennis, including the investigation of the internal and external load of the tennis match play and helps to guide for future research.
The relationship between university students' quality of life and nutrition
(Mattioli 1885, 2020) Dalbudak, İbrahim; Yılmaz, Taner; Yigit, Sihmehmet
The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a difference in nutrition habits of the students in different departments of a vocational school in a university, depending on the life quality of them, and to compare by various variables. A total of 205 students, as 92 female and 113 male in Atabey Vocational School in Isparta University of Applied Sciences in the 2018-2019 academic year, participated in this study. Students who took or did not take the lesson of healthy life and nutrition, participated in the study. As a data collection tool in the research; the turkish version of The World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale short form questionnaire and, Three-factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) were applied. And The Personal information Form was used to obtain the demographic information. In this study, SPSS 22.00 Programme was used which is used in quantitative research methods. The data were summarized by giving the percentage and frequency tables. Statistically, there are both significant (p<.05) and nonsignificant (p>.05) differences in students between life quality and its subfactors by age, gender, being engaged in sports, taking the lesson of healthy life and nutrition and income status. Since age and gender variables have no effect on any of the nutrition scale snd its sub-factors, there is no significant difference between them (p>.05). There is a significant difference between the students' income level, the status of being actively involved in sports, the status of taking the lesson of healthy life and nutrition, and the nutrition scale and its sub-factors (p<.05). Statistically, there was found a significant relationship intensive and in a positive way between individuals' quality of life and their nutrition habits (p<.05). As the total score of the life quality scale or the total score of the nutrition scale increases, other one increases, as well. As a result, an increment in a significance level is observed in the quality of life and nutritional levels of the university students taking the lesson of healthy life and nutrition. When the lesson of healthy life and nutrition becomes a compulsory course and its length gets increased, we can say that there will be difference in the levels of the quality of life and nutrition. As a result of ensuring the participation in the class of healthy life and nutrition, we can say that it will be helpful for individuals in terms of protecting against disesases and gaining health life and nutrition behaviors by struggling against the factors that affect the life negatively. Since it will be useful to repeat this study in different fields as more inclusively, we can say that this study will shed light on future studies.
Effects of different stretching methods on speed and agility performance in young tennis players
(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2019) Kilit, Bülent; Arslan, Erşan; Soylu, Yusuf
Purpose. - The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different stretching methods on speed and agility performance in young tennis players according to conditioning level. Methods. - Twenty-six young tennis players participated in this study voluntarily. Stretching methods were divided into five groups: static, dynamic, static + dynamic, dynamic + static, and control (no-stretching). The protocols included 8-min warm-up, a 3-min rest, 30-s stretching program (except for the no-stretching group), a 2-min rest, followed by the T-drill agility and 20-m sprint (with 10-m split times) test. Stretching protocols consisted of 6 different stretching exercises for 6 lower muscle groups. Results. - Dynamic and static + dynamic stretching methods induced significant differences in the 10-m acceleration, 20-m sprint and agility test time compared with static and static + dynamic stretching protocols (P < 0.05). Dynamic and no-stretching methods also showed significant difference between good and moderate performers compared with static, static + dynamic and dynamic + static stretching protocols (P < 0.05). Conclusion. - We concluded that the acute effect of static stretching had a negative effect on agility and sprint performances. This study suggest that dynamic and static + dynamic stretching might be use for the performing better performance in acceleration, speed and agility skills during the warm-up session in young tennis players. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
The Relationship Among the Humor Styles of Sensory Intelligence Levels of Hearing Impaired Athletes
(Int Journal Applied Exercise Physiology, 2020) Yiğit, Şıhmehmet; Dalbudak, İbrahim
The aim of this study is to determine whether the sensory intelligence levels of the hearing impaired athletes is related to their humor styles. The sample of the study consists of 123 hearing-impaired athletes with different degree of hearing playing in different deaf clubs in Turkey. Participation was taken into consideration on the basis of volunteering. Sensory intelligence and humor styles of the hearing impaired athletes were analyzed according to the gender, disability status, sports branches, age groups, education status, income status and hearing level of the participants. In the study, a self-assessment scale which is The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, Humor Styles Scale, developed by Schutte et al. (1998) and adapted to Turkish by Tatar et al. (2011), was developed by Martin et al. (2003), and adapted to Turkish by Yerlikaya (2003) was used. In this study, sensory intelligence and humor styles were analyzed and SPSS 22.00 Program which was used in quantitative research methods was used. Data were summarized by giving percentage and frequency tables. In this study, it was tested with 0.05 significance level. It was found that there was a significant difference between the emotional intelligence and sub-dimensions of hearing impaired athletes according to disability status and income (p<.05), but there was no difference according to age, gender, education, sport brach and levels of hearing loss (p>.05). In addition, it was found that there was a significant difference in humor styles and sub-dimensions of hearing-impaired athletes according to age, gender, income status and levels of hearing loss (p<.05), but there was no difference according to sport branch, education level and disability status (p>.05). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence and humor styles (p>.05). The results of the study showed us how the hearing impaired people use emotional intelligence and humor styles. In addition, a new study may be proposed to assess how hearing impaired athletes and other disabled individuals use and affect emotional intelligence and humor.
Playing tennis matches on clay court surfaces are associated with more perceived enjoyment response but less perceived exertion compared to hard courts
(Univ Palackeho & Olomouci, Fak Telesne Kultury, 2018) Kilit, Bülent; Arslan, Erşan
Background: A few studies have shown that different types of court surfaces can have different effects on tennis match performance in different age groups, however, no studies have researched on tennis match performance responses in young tennis players. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different court surfaces on psychophysiological responses, time-motion and match characteristics of young tennis players. Methods: Twenty-six young male tennis players (age 13.0 +/- 0.3 years, body height 158 +/- 8 cm, body mass 48 +/- 7 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. Heart rate was monitored along with total distance covered in four different speed zoneswalking, low-intensity running, moderate-intensity running and high-intensity running, using two portable multivariable integrated 10 Hz GPS monitoring devices over twenty-six outdoor tennis matches; ratings of perceived exertion and enjoyment level were also determined at the end of the matches. Variables describing the characteristics of the matches determined from video recordings were: strokes per rally, rally duration, effective playing time, work-to-rest ratio and rest time between rallies. Differences between hard and clay courts were assessed by a paired t-test. Results: The results showed that clay court surfaces induced significantly more perceived enjoyment scores (29.4 +/- 2.8 vs. 26.0 +/- 3.2) with lower perceived exertion level (13.4 +/- 2.7 vs. 14.4 +/- 2.9) compared to hard courts. Moreover, a clay court surface is also more effective at improving physiological responses, time-motion and match characteristics compared to hard court. Conclusions: If a coach strives to improve their young tennis players' tennis-specific performance with greater physical enjoyment, clay court surfaces should be specially used in their tennis training season.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Dersine İlişkin Tutumlarının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi (Kars İli Örneği)
(2017) Erden, Cem; Özmutlu, İlker
Araştırmanın amacı; Kars il merkezinde öğrenim gören ortaokul öğrencilerinin beden eğitimi ve spor dersine ilişkin tutumlarının belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın evrenini Kars il merkezinde öğrenim gören ortaokul öğrencileri oluştururken; örneklem grubunu ise aralarından rastgele yöntemle seçilmiş 10 ortaokulun 5, 6,7. ve 8. sınıfta öğrenim gören 481'i erkek 539'u kız olmak üzere toplam 1020 gönüllü öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında Birinci bölümünde demografik özellikler formu, İkinci bölümünde ise Demirhan ve Altay (2001)'ın revize ettiği, 24 maddeden oluşan Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Tutum Ölçeği (BESTÖ) kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alpha güvenirlilik katsayısı 0.93 ölçüt geçerliliği katsayısı da 0.83 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS (18) istatistik programı kullanılmış ve anlamlılık düzeyi (p<0.05) alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda öğrencilerin beden eğitimi ve spor dersine karşı tutumlarında sınıf, ailede spor yapma alışkanlığı ve velilerin öğrencilerin spor yapmalarına izin verme değişkenleri ile arasında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunurken, cinsiyet, anne öğrenim durumu, baba öğrenim durumu ve lisanlı sporcu olup olmadıkları değişkenleri ile arasında anlamlı farklılıklara rastlanmamıştır

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