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Öğe A quantile regression approach to assess the impact of water-related environmental innovations on water stress(Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Esen, Omer; Yildirim, Durmus Cagri; Yildirim, SedaThis paper examines the further question of whether water-related environmental innovations affect water stress in three main sectors such as agriculture, industry and services. The sample consists of 30 OECD countries for the period 2000-2019. This paper employs the method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) with fixed effects to analyze the effects of water-related innovative activities across different quantiles of water stress for all three sectors separately. The empirical results indicate that water-related innovations positively affect water stress in the agricultural sector in the lower and middle quantiles, while it has a negative effect in the middle and higher quantiles for the services sector and the higher quantiles for the industrial sector. These findings reveal nuanced effects of water-related innovations on water stress across sectors. Furthermore, the study suggests that while innovations in the industrial and services sectors can mitigate water stress beyond a certain threshold level, the agricultural sector appears to benefit comparatively less from such innovations. These findings underscore the importance of complementing water-related innovations with appropriate regulatory measures, to address informal practices such as losses and leakages in agricultural irrigation. Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights for policy makers to formulate targeted environmental policies and strategies, especially in the context of climate change adaptation, thereby enabling a more effective allocation of resources to mitigate water stress within each sector.Öğe ASYMMETRIC EFFECT OF BANK CREDIT CHANNEL FOR THE EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES(Symmetrion, 2023) Yildirim, Durmus Cagri; Turan, Tugba; Kantarci, TugbaIn this study, the efficiency of the bank credit channel of the monetary transmission mechanism in the context of Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Turkey) is examined. As an indicator of the monetary policy stance, the effects of central bank reserves, one of the non-traditional policy tools, are handled with non-linear methods. The analysis period varies according to the data availability of the countries (Bulgaria 2004:4-2020:5, Hungary 2004:4-2020:5, Poland 2009:3-2020:5; Romania 2007:1-2020:5 and Turkey 2005:1- 2020:5). The results show that the balance sheet strategy has asymmetric effects for countries.Öğe ASYMMETRIC IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION ON CARBON FOOTPRINT IN TURKIYE: HEALER OR DISRUPTOR?(Symmetrion, 2023) Esen, Omer; Yildirim, Durmus Cagri; Guven, MelekThis study empirically examines the non-linear effects of environmental innovation on carbon footprint in Turkey. To achieve this, it employs the Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) model to determine potential asymmetric relationships among variables, drawing from annual data spanning from 1992 to 2018. The findings indicate that when the level of environmental innovation is below the 11.50% threshold (0.085), it leads to an increase in the carbon footprint. Moreover, when the threshold is exceeded, this increase intensifies (0.189). In essence, the results validate the existence of the environmental rebound effect, pointing out that the gains obtained through environmental innovation tend to lead to more production and consumption rather than reducing the carbon footprint. Based on the study's findings, it is recommended that policymakers consider the environmental rebound effect in their regulations and prioritize solutions that better account for environmental impacts, to harness the full potential of environmental-related innovation.Öğe Balancing green power: Hydropower and biomass energy's impact on environment in OECD countries(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Yildirim, Durmus Cagri; Yildirim, Seda; Turan, Tugba; Gattone, Tulia; Magazzino, CosimoThe climate crisis, driven by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental degradation, demands a transition to renewable energy for sustainable development. This paper analyzes the asymmetric effects of hydroelectric and biomass energy consumption on the ecological footprint (EFP) for 24 OECD countries from 1970 to 2022. By using a combination of advanced econometric approaches, including Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), Generalized Linear Models (GLM), and Robust Least Squares (RLS), with machine learning techniques such as Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Neural Networks (NN), this study will be able to identify complex nonlinearities that are not captured by traditional models. The results reveal that hydroelectric energy significantly reduces the EFP, particularly in high-pollution contexts, while biomass energy consumption worsens environmental degradation. These findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted policies to maximize the benefits of renewable energy sources and mitigate their risks. The study contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive framework to analyze the environmental impacts of renewable energy, emphasizing the importance of methodological diversity and advanced modeling techniques as ways to achieve sustainability goals.Öğe Climate change and the ocean economy: A review on OECD's ocean economy(IGI Global, 2023) Yildirim, Seda; Kaplan, Merve; Yildirim, Durmus CagriThe ocean economy is directly linked to the biodiversity of the ocean. Biodiversity is under great threat as a result of the effects of climate change and global warming. Therefore, the ocean economy and the marine economy are among the economies that will be most affected by the effects of climate change. Each change in ocean and sea levels causes changes in biodiversity. Considering its importance in terms of food health, economic and social development, the sustainability of the marine economy is an important issue. The aim of this study is to present indicators of ocean economy among OECD countries and show the importance of ocean and marine economy in the long term. © 2023, IGI Global.Öğe Does an Independent Central Bank Smooth Exchange Rate Volatility? Evidence from Time-Varying Panel Causality Analysis(Sciendo, 2024) Yildirim, Durmus Cagri; Esen, Oemer; Cinar, UgurThis paper empirically examines the effect of the central banks independence on exchange rate volatility by using a large data-set for the E7 (7 emerging countries) covering the period 1998-2017. This paper applies the time-varying panel causality analysis to obtain country-based results. The results show that the policy design, with relatively independent central banks, provides supportive results for macroeconomic stability. It is concluded that policies focusing on current problems by ignoring macroeconomic stability, such as the 2008 crisis, have eliminated the relationship between bank independence and stability.Öğe Does economic policy uncertainty affect venture capital investments for OECD countries?(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Erdogan, Seyfettin; Kantarci, Tugba; Yildirim, Durmus CagriEconomic policy uncertainty (EPU) has significant effects on the real economy. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of economic policy uncertainty on venture capital, a special financing form. In this study, the effects of economic uncertainty on venture capital for 14 OECD countries are investigated between 2007 and 2020 years. The results show that the increase in economic uncertainty in the long term increases venture capital investments in developed countries. The contributions of the study are demonstrating how venture capital reacts to economic policy uncertainty and using up-to-date methods that allow soft transitions to studying long-term relations between series.Öğe Energy security dilemma in OECD countries: The COVID-19 pandemic, Russia-Ukraine war, and energy issues(IGI Global, 2024) Yildirim, Seda; Yildirim, Durmus Cagri; Erdogan, SeyfettinThe pursuit of sustainability, initiated by the United Nations' adoption of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, has prompted developed and developing countries to adopt alternative policies. To address energy security concerns, countries have begun implementing strategies and practices to reduce carbon emissions and limit the use of environmentally harmful energy sources. However, unexpected crises like the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict have brought energy availability to the forefront as a major challenge. This study aims to examine the issue of energy security in the context of these two crises. By utilizing OECD indicators and current reports, the study will provide an overview of the energy security dilemma. © 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.Öğe Environmental protection and environmental protection expenditure in developing countries: A case of Turkey(IGI Global, 2023) Yildirim, Seda; Yildirim, Durmus Cagri; Esen, OmerEnvironmental protection expenditures are an important indicator of the extent to which a country allocates a budget for the protection of environmental quality. In particular, in line with the 2030 sustainable development goals, measures and policies for environmental protection have been increased. Along with the economic development concern, social development and the preservation of environmental quality pose a great challenge for developing countries. In this study, environmental protection statistics and environmental protection expenditures will be examined and how much progress can be made in sustainable development will be discussed. The case of Turkey as a developing country is discussed in this study. It is thought that the study will contribute to whether the use of environmental protection and environmental protection expenditures can be an alternative measurement tool for sustainable development. © 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.Öğe Green transition in the restaurant industry: New trends in green restaurants(IGI Global, 2025) Yildirim, Seda; Yildirim, Durmus Cagri; Rajamanickam, SivarethinamohanThe Green economy approach, which originated with the concept of sustainability, has prompted policymakers to adopt new strategies. Aligned with the goal of Sustainable Development, both developed and developing countries are working towards achieving a green transition in economic, environmental, and social domains. While the field of food has a long history of literature on security and sustainability, it has recently garnered increased attention in the context of the green transition. In essence, various disciplines related to food products and the food industry has evolved into a new area of research, exploring alternative strategies and applications within sustainability and food security. This chapter aims to review new trends in food industry through examining recent global indicators and implications. As it is purposed, it is planned to give a brief framework for food waste management, food packaging, food production and food security issues. © 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.Öğe The rise of the functional beverages market: Indicators post COVID-19 pandemic(IGI Global, 2024) Yildirim, Seda; Yildirim, Durmus Cagri; Esen, ÖmerThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant changes to people's lifestyles all over the world. Even after the pandemic, many people continue to maintain a healthy lifestyle. As a result, healthy food and drinks have become more popular and are driving consumer preferences in the food and beverage market. It is essential for a healthy lifestyle to consume healthy drinks that are affordable for everyone. In this point, functional foods and beverages have gained significant value. This study investigates the global functional beverage market trends before and after the pandemic. In addition, the study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of how consumer preferences are changing in response to the trend of functional beverages. It is aimed to give an economic and marketing approach for the rise of functional beverage market. © 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.Öğe The role of financial inclusion and human capital on the ecological deficit(Springer, 2023) Yildirim, Durmus Cagri; Demirtas, Isil; Yildirim, Seda; Turan, TugbaThis study explores the effects of financial inclusion, human capital, energy consumption, urbanization, and per capita income on the ecological deficit, using moments quantile regression (MMQR) model with data from 34 OECD countries. In the study, a panel dataset covering the period from 1994 to 2018 is used. According to the MMQR results, both financial inclusion and human capital have a stronger impact on environmental deficit at the higher quantiles (such as energy consumption, population, and per capita income square). In the face of a higher deficit, an increase in financial inclusion increases pollution more, while human capital decreases it.Öğe The role of green brands on achieving 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (2030 SDGs)(IGI Global, 2024) Yildirim, Seda; Sevik, Neslihan; Kandpal, Vinay; Yildirim, Durmus CagriThe 2030 agenda has given many roles and responsibilities to individuals, governments, and private enterprises in the long term. To achieve a sustainable future, a great and responsive collaboration should be adapted. The rise of green brands and green enterprises gives people hope to achieving the 2030 SDGs. This study aims to explore the role of green brands on achieving the 2030SDGs and to give a brief framework for the link between green brands and the 2030SDGs. This study selected some green brands from different sectors. When considering green brands from industry of cosmetic, restaurant, tourism, electronic and fashion, it is seen that waste management, recycling, organic materials, sustainable trade, and environmental protection are determined as important factors for being a green brand; these factors also contribute 2030SDGs. Accordingly, green brands can be thought to be supportive of achieving 2030 SDGs in the long term. © 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.Öğe The threshold effect of tourism, growth, and population interactions on environmental pollution in Mediterranean countries(Elsevier, 2023) Yildirim, Durmus Cagri; Ektiren, Burak; Erdogan, FatmaThis study aims to reveal the effects of tourism activities on carbon emissions in the Mediterranean countries where the world's intense tourism activities are carried out. The analysis period covers the period 1995-2018. In the study, panel threshold regression method was used to reveal nonlinear effects. Thus, it is tried to analyze the regime-dependent effects of tourism activities on carbon emissions.According to the results obtained, it has been seen that there is no effect on carbon emissions when tourism revenues are considered alone. On the other hand, when tourism revenues are considered together with the interaction variable, it is seen that the increase in tourism revenues increases carbon emissions in both regimes, and the interaction variable decreases carbon emissions only in the second regime. The increased number of tourists, taken alone, reduces carbon emissions. On the other hand, when the number of tourists is considered together with the interaction variable, it is seen that the increase in the number of tourists increases the carbon emission in the second regime and the interaction variable decreases the carbon emission only in the second regime.